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NATIONAL STANDAR 4 I NTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANOARDlZATlON MEI~ YHAPO~HAI I OPTAHWAUHR IT0 ~AHAAPTA3AUAA ORGANI SATION INTERNATIONALE DE NORMALISATION Surface active agents Andysis of soaps De[.]

INTR ATIO A L OG NIZA TIO FO STAOR lZATlO MEI~.Y HAO~H I OTAWAU R IT0 ~AAPTA3AA.O G NISTIO INT RATIO AL DE N RMALISTIO

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Desc riptors : s rfa c tants, soa ps, c emica l a na ly sis, determina tion of content a lka lies

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IS0 (h Internatio al Orga niza tio for S ta nda rdiza tio ) is a worldwid fe eratio

Member Bo y intere te in a s bje t for whic a Te h ical Comm ite has be n s t

up has th rig t to be repre e te o that Com m ite Internatio al orga niza tio s,

g v ernm enta l a nd n n ov ernmenta l, in la is n with ISO, a ls take p art in th work

D raft Internatio al S ta ndard adopte by th Te h ical Com ite s are circ ula te

to th Member B odie for a pprov a l b efore th ir a cc pta nc as Internatio al

Sta ndard by th IS0 C ou c il

P rior to 1972, th re ults of th work of th Te h ical Comm ite s were publs e

tan form ed into Internatio al Stan a rd A s p art of this pro e s, Internatio al

Te h ical Com mite ISO /TC 91, S urac a ctiv e a ge ts

Au tia

Italy

C hie

Korea , Rep of

Colom bia

M oro c

Fran e

New Zeala nd

German

Norway

P olan

P oru a l

R om ania

S pain

S witz rlan

Yu o lav ia

R ec m m en atio o tec hnic a l gro n s :

In ia

0 Interna tiona l Orga niza tion for S ta nda rdiza tion, 193 l

Printed in S witzerla nd

Surface a ctiv e agents - Analysis of soaps -

0 INTRO DU T I N

A s s a s u ua lly c ntain a smal amo nt of u sa p onifie

n uta l fat, th re is n p erec t pro e ure for d terminin

fe ca ustic alka li be a us , wh n th sample of s a p is

disolv ed, a n utal fat is more or le s sapo ifie by an

fe ca ustic alka li that is p re e t

4.1 Prin iple

The s a is disolv ed in n utalizd ethanol a nd th fe

ca ustic alkali is titate with a n etha nolc s lutio of

h dro hloric acid

Both meth d d s ribe in this Internatio al Sta nda rd are

th refore of a c nv entio a l nature

Co v entio ally, fe ca ustic a lkali is e pre s d as

4.2 R eag nts

-s dium h dro id (NaO H) for s dium s as a nd

- pota ssium h dro id (KOH) for pota ssium s a ps

T he w er u e s all be disti e w er or w er of at least

e uiv a le t p urity

T he rea ge ts s a ll ha v e th folowin properie :

- Meth d A, ethanol meth d;

2 FIE D OF A PPLICA T ION

2.1 Meth d A (ethanol meth d) s o ld be a p ple o ly to

s dium s a s of ordina ry q ality , as th pre e c of crain

a dditiv es brin s in s urc s of eror It is n t applca ble to

potasium s a ps, be au e of th s lub ilty of potas ium

ca rbo a te in ethanol

2.2 Meth d B (ba rium c lorid meth d) s o ld be app lie

to all s f pota ssium s as or mix d s dium a nd potas ium

s a ps T he a p plcatio of this meth d to s dium s a s of

ordina ry q ality , whic u ua lly d n t c ntain s fic ie t

q antitie of fe ca ustic alka li to be d termin d by this

meth d, is n t re om e d d

3 DE INIT IO N

fe ca ustic alka li in a s f s a p: The q a ntity of h dro yl

u d r th op eratin c n itio s d s ribe

4 2.1 Etha nol abs lute, p 2, = 0,79 g/ml

4.2.2 Potas ium

s lutio ,

4.2.3 Hy ro hloric ac id, sta nda rd ethanolc s lutio ,

(V/V ) ethanol

4.3 Apa ra tu

Ordinary labora tory app ara tu , a nd in p artic ular

4.3.1 Flas of apro imately 5 0 ml ca p a city, that can be

fite to a reflu c n e s r

4.3.3 Ana lytica l b a lanc

4 4 Pro e ure

4 1 Test p orio

Weig , to th n are t of 0,Ol g, apro imately 5 g of s a p

4 2 Determina tio

Po r 2 0 ml of ethanol (4 2.1) into th flask Co n ct to

th reflu c n e s r Brin to a g ntle b oi a nd keep at th

boi for 5 min in ord r to remo e ca rbo dio id Remo e

from th co d nser a d alow to co l to a out 7 “C A dd

4 dro s of p e olp th lein in ica tor (4.2.4) Neutralze

exactly with th eth n lc solutio of p tas ium hydroxid

(4.2.2), unti th in icator ju t turns pin

eth n l Co n ct th flask to th reflux co d nser a d b i

hy drochloric acid (4.2.3) unti th colour is ju t p rce tibly

n utralze

4.5 Expre sio of re ults

4.5.1 C alc ulatio a nd formula

T he p rce ta e of fre cau tic a lka li in th so p, expres e

as so ium hydroxid (NaOH), is

0,0 0x vx T X ‘0

m

wh re

m is th mas , in grams, of th test p rtio ;

V is th v olume, in mi ltres, of eth n lc hy drochloric

acid solutio (4.2.3) u e ;

solutio (4.2.3) u e

formula :

5.2.1 Hy droc hloric ac id, sta d rd v olumetric solutio ,

5.2.2 Ethan l solutio , 6 % (V/ V), pre are as folows :

12 ml of carb n diox id -re eth n l solutio , 9 %

(V / V )

1 ml of th in ic ator (5.2.4); n utralze to a violet c olour

hydroxid , th n h at un er reflux for IO min L av e to

hydrochloric acid solutio (5.2.1) unti th v iolet c olour

disa p ars

violet colour with a 0, N solutio of so ium hydroxid or

(5.2.4)

p e olp th lein a d 0.5 g of thymol blue in 10 ml of h t

o tain d

5.3 Ap aratu

Ordin ry la oratory a p ratu a d in p rtic ular

m

4.5.2 R epro uc ibi ty

f 0.0 a solute

5.1 Princ iple

hydroxid , is d termin d

5.2 R eag nts

e uiv ale t purity

Th re g nts sha ll h v e th folowin pro erties :

5.3.2 R eflu c on e sr

5.3.3 Analy tic al b la nc e

5.4 Proc ed re

5.4.1 T est porio

Weig , to th n arest 0,O l g, a proximately 4 g of sof so p

into th flask (5.3.1)

5.4.2 Determinatio

A dd 2 0 ml of th eth n l solutio (5.2.2) a d b i for

10 min un er reflux A dd to this b i n solutio 15 ml of

p rtio s, mix in th roug ly T he co l with run in water

to ro m temp rature A dd 1 ml of th in ic ator (5.2.4) a d

im e iately titra te with th hydrochloric ac id solutio

(5.2.1) unti th colour turns gre n

5 5 Expre sio of re ults

5 5.1 C alc ulatio an formula

T he p rce ta ge of fre ca ustic alka li in th sof soa p,

expres e a s p ta ssium hydroxid (KO H), is

where

m

m

is th ma ss, in gra ms, of th test p ortio ;

V is th v olume, in m il itr es, of hydrochloric a cid

solutio (5.2.1) u e ;

T is th n rma lity of th hydrochloric a cid solutio

(5.2.1) u e

The fre ca ustic alkali co te t ca n b a lso expres e in

mi e uiv a le ts p r kio ra m by me ns of th folowin

formula :

5.5 2 R ep ro uc i lty

+ 0.0 a bsolute

T he test rep ort sha ll includ th folowin p a rtic la rs :

a ) th refere ce of th meth d u e ;

b ) th res lts a nd th meth d of expres io u e ;

cl a y

unu ua l

d termina tio ;

d) a ny o era tio n t includ d in this Interna tio a l

Sta nda rd, or re a rd d a s op tio a l

m