Designation D5867 − 12´1 Standard Test Methods for Measurement of Physical Properties of Raw Cotton by Cotton Classification Instruments1 This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5867; the[.]
Trang 1Designation: D5867−12
Standard Test Methods for
Measurement of Physical Properties of Raw Cotton by
Cotton Classification Instruments1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5867; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
ε 1 NOTE—Reference to a research report was added editorially in January 2013.
1 Scope
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of color, trash
content, micronaire, upper half mean length (length),
unifor-mity index and breaking tenacity (strength) of raw cotton for
cotton marketing using a cotton classification instrument
1.2 This test method is applicable to Upland and Extra Long
Staple (ELS) raw cotton
1.3 This test method is applicable to roller and saw ginned
raw cottons
1.4 This test method contains the following sections
Section
Upper Half Mean Length (Length) and Uniformity Index 20-23
1.5 The values stated in both inch-pound and SI units are to
be regarded separately as the standard The values given in
parentheses are for information only
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish
appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the
applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2 Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:2
D123Terminology Relating to Textiles
D1441Practice for Sampling Cotton Fibers for Testing
D1445Test Method for Breaking Strength and Elongation of
Cotton Fibers (Flat Bundle Method)
D1447Test Method for Length and Length Uniformity of Cotton Fibers by Photoelectric Measurement
D1448Test Method for Micronaire Reading of Cotton Fi-bers
D1776Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
Nickerson-Hunter Cotton Colorimeter(Withdrawn 1995)3
D2495Test Method for Moisture in Cotton by Oven-Drying
D2812Test Method for Non-Lint Content of Cotton
D3025Practice for Standardizing Cotton Fiber Test Results
by Use of Calibration Cotton Standards
D4848Terminology Related to Force, Deformation and Related Properties of Textiles
D7139Terminology for Cotton Fibers
E691Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
E177Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
3 Terminology
3.1 For all terminology related to D13.11, refer toD7139 3.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard: micronaire reading, particle count (trash), percent area (trash),
Rd (color reflectance) and +b (color yellowness), breaking tenacity (strength), uniformity index, upper-half-mean length 3.2 For all other terminology related to textiles, refer to Terminology D123and TerminologyD4848
4 Significance and Use—General
4.1 This test method is accepted for testing of bales of raw cotton in commercial shipments
4.2 This test method describes acceptable practices for testing of raw cotton using cotton classification instruments that are capable of testing the fiber properties of micronaire reading, length, uniformity index, strength, Rd (color), +b (color), percent area (trash) and particle count (trash)
1 These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on
Textiles and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.11 on Cotton Fibers.
Current edition approved July 1, 2012 Published September 2012 Originally
approved in 1995 Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D5867 – 05 DOI:
10.1520/D5867-12E01.
2 For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
3 The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
Trang 25 Sampling
5.1 Bale Sample—For a bale sample, take a 4 oz (100 g)
subsample of cotton from each of two opposite sides of the bale
and combine the two subsamples into a single bale sample
weighing 8 oz (200 g)
6 Conditioning
6.1 Condition the cotton samples to the temperature and
relative humidity levels of 21 6 1°C (70 6 2°F) and 65 6 2 %
until moisture equilibrium is reached
6.2 Accelerated conditioning is an acceptable practice for
this test method
6.3 Moisture content (dry basis) measured by resistance
technique referenced to oven method Test MethodD2495shall
be within 6.75 to 8.25 %
N OTE 1—This range covers the equilibrium moisture content range for
all cottons.
N OTE 2—Cotton is normally received in the laboratory in a relative dry
condition, making special preconditioning procedures unnecessary.
Samples that are obviously damp should be preconditioned before being
brought into the laboratory for conditioning.
7 Calibration
7.1 Follow instrument manufacturers’ procedures for
sample placement
7.2 Calibration of Rd (color reflectance) and +b (color
yellowness):
7.2.1 For color calibration of Rd and +b, calibrate using
USDA color materials in accordance with instrument
manu-facturers’ recommendations to establish a testing level
consis-tent with the industry accepted Universal HVI Rd/+b Cotton
Color Standards
7.3 Calibration of Percent Area (trash) and Particle Count
(trash):
7.3.1 For trash calibration of percent area and particle count
calibrate using USDA trash materials in accordance with
instrument manufacturers’ recommendations
7.4 Calibration of Micronaire:
7.4.1 For calibration of micronaire, cotton calibration or
orifice calibration methods are accepted practices within the
industry
7.4.2 For cotton calibration of micronaire, calibrate using
Universal HVI Micronaire Calibration Cotton Standards in
accordance with instrument manufacturers’ recommendations
7.4.3 For orifice calibration of micronaire, calibrate using
USDA micronaire materials in accordance with instrument
manufacturers’ recommendations to establish a testing level
consistent with the industry accepted Universal HVI
Mi-cronaire Calibration Cotton Standards
7.5 Calibration of Upper Half Mean Length, Uniformity
Index and Breaking Tenacity (Strength):
7.5.1 For Upland saw ginned and roller ginned raw cotton
testing, calibrate the instrument with Universal HVI
Calibra-tion Cotton Standards (Short/Weak and Long/Strong)
7.5.2 For ELS saw ginned and roller ginned raw cotton
testing, calibrate the instrument with Universal HVI Short/
Weak Calibration Cotton Standard and Extra Long Staple HVI Long/Strong Calibration Cotton Standard
7.6 The calibration materials can be obtained from the USDA, AMS, Cotton Division’s Standardization and Engineer-ing Branch The contact information is provided below: USDA, AMS, Cotton Division
Standardization and Engineering Branch
3275 Appling Road, Room #5 Memphis, TN 38133 USA http://www.ams.usda.gov/cotton/
phone: 901-384-3030 / fax: 901-384-3032
COLOR
8 Scope
8.1 This section describes the measurements of Rd (color reflectance) and +b (color yellowness) for raw cotton The Rd and +b measurements are based upon standards established by USDA
9 Summary of Test Method
9.1 A smooth representative surface of a cotton sample is placed in the color measurement area and pressed flat with a minimum force of 4 lb/in.2(0.3 kg/cm2)
10 Significance and Use
10.1 Color is an element of cotton quality, and raw cotton color measurements are useful in controlling the color of manufactured greige, bleached, or dyed yarns and fabrics
11 Procedure
11.1 One or more test replications shall be made on each subsample of the bale sample
11.2 The surface of each subsample shall be large enough to completely cover the instrument’s measurement area and thick enough to be opaque (no light transmitted through the sample)
An uncompressed minimum thickness of 2 in (50 cm) and a minimum surface area of 9 in.2(58 cm2) of each subsample are required
11.3 For the bale sample, report the average Rd (color reflectance) of the test replications to the nearest one tenth of
a unit
11.4 For the bale sample, report the average +b (color yellowness) of the test replications to the nearest one tenth of
a unit
TRASH CONTENT
12 Scope
12.1 This section describes the measurements of percent area (trash) and particle count (trash) for raw cotton The percent area and the particle count measurements are based upon standards established by USDA
13 Summary of Test Method
13.1 A smooth representative surface of a cotton sample is placed in the trash measurement area and pressed flat with a minimum force of 4 lb/in.2(0.3 kg/cm2)
Trang 314 Significance and Use
14.1 Trash content is useful for: estimating the net amount
of manufactured textile product obtainable from raw cotton,
predicting the quality of cotton textile products, particularly
their aesthetic properties, assembling and blending values in a
mix on a trash content basis, adjusting ginning and textile
processing machinery for maximum efficiency in removing
trash from cotton, and relating trash content of cotton to
processing efficiency and end-product quality
15 Procedure
15.1 One or more test replications shall be made on each
subsample of the bale sample
15.2 The surface of each subsample shall be large enough to
completely cover the instrument’s measurement area and thick
enough to be opaque (no light transmitted through the sample)
An uncompressed minimum thickness of 2 in (50 cm) and a
minimum surface area of 9 in.2(58 cm2) of each subsample are
required
15.3 For the bale sample, report the average percent area
(trash) of the test replications to the nearest one hundredth of
a unit
15.4 For the bale sample, report the average particle count
(trash) of the test replications to the nearest whole number
MICRONAIRE READING
16 Scope
16.1 This section describes the measurement of the
mi-cronaire of raw cotton that is based upon standards established
by USDA
17 Summary of Test Method
17.1 A predetermined mass of raw cotton is placed in the
measurement area and compressed The resistance to air flow
through the cotton using constant air pressure is measured
18 Significance and Use
18.1 The micronaire reading of raw cotton is a function of
both fineness and maturity and is related to environmental
conditions during the growth of cotton, variety of cotton, mill
processing performance, and to the quality of end products
Factors correlated with micronaire include cleaning efficiency,
neppiness, the strength and uniformity of yarn, and dyeing of
fibers, yarns, and fabrics
19 Procedure
19.1 Take one specimen from the bale sample and place the
specimen into the instrument’s micronaire measurement area
for testing
19.2 The specimen can be taken from either subsample or a
portion can be taken and combined from each subsample
19.3 For the bale sample, report the micronaire reading to
the nearest one hundredth of a unit
UPPER HALF MEAN LENGTH (LENGTH) AND
UNIFORMITY INDEX
20 Scope
20.1 This section describes the measurement of the upper half mean length (length) and uniformity index of raw cotton that is based upon standards established by USDA
21 Summary of Test Method
21.1 The measurements of length and uniformity index of cotton fibers in a tapered beard are derived from the measured length distribution of cotton fibers Fibers are caught at random along their lengths to form a tapered beard The tapered beard
is scanned from base to tip to form the fiber length distribution
22 Significance and Use
22.1 The length and uniformity index of cotton is related to environmental conditions during the growth of cotton, variety
of cotton, ginning of cotton, mill processing performance, and
to the quality of end products
23 Procedure
23.1 Take one specimen from each subsample of the bale sample for Upland saw ginned raw cotton and place the specimen into the instrument’s length measurement area 23.2 Take two specimens from each subsample of the bale sample for ELS or roller ginned Upland raw cottons
23.3 For the bale sample, report the average of the speci-mens for upper half mean length to the nearest one thousandth
of an inch (one hundredth of a millimeter)
23.4 For the bale sample, report the average of the speci-mens for uniformity index to the nearest one tenth of a unit
BREAKING TENACITY (STRENGTH)
24 Scope
24.1 This section describes the measurement of the breaking tenacity (strength) of raw cotton that is based upon standards established by USDA
25 Summary of Test Method
25.1 This test method describes the determination of the breaking tenacity at the breaking force of cotton fibers in a specimen in which fibers are distributed randomly in a speci-men comb and broken using1⁄8-inch (3.2-mm) clamp spacing
26 Significance and Use
26.1 The measurement of strength of raw cotton is related to environmental conditions during the growth of cotton, variety
of cotton, ginning of cotton, mill processing performance, and
to the quality of end products
27 Procedure
27.1 Take one specimen from each subsample of the bale sample for Upland saw ginned raw cotton and place the specimen into the instrument’s strength measurement area
Trang 427.2 Take two specimens from each subsample of the bale
sample for ELS or roller ginned Upland raw cottons
27.3 For the bale sample, report the average of the
speci-mens for strength to the nearest one tenth of a gram per tex
unit
PRECISION AND BIAS
28 Precision and Bias
28.1 The precision of this test method is based on an
interlaboratory study of ASTM D5867 - Standard Test Methods
for Measurement of Physical Properties of Cotton Fibers by
High Volume Instruments, conducted in 2011 Nine
laborato-ries participated in this study, testing five different types of
cotton Every “test result” represents an individual
determina-tion Every laboratory reported 30 replicate test results for each
material Practice E691 was followed for the analysis of the
data; the details are given in an ASTM Research Report.4
28.1.1 Repeatability limit (r)—Two test results obtained
within one laboratory shall be judged not equivalent if they
differ by more than the “r” value for that material; “r” is the
interval representing the critical difference between two test
results for the same material, obtained by the same operator
using the same equipment on the same day in the same
laboratory
28.1.1.1 Average repeatability limits are listed inTables 1-6
28.1.2 Reproducibility limit (R)—Two test results shall be
judged not equivalent if they differ by more than the “R” value
for that material; “R” is the interval representing the critical
difference between two test results for the same material,
obtained by different operators using different equipment in
different laboratories
28.1.2.1 Average reproducibility limits are listed inTables
1-6
28.1.3 The above terms (repeatability limit and
reproduc-ibility limit) are used as specified in PracticeE177
28.1.4 Any judgments in accordance with 28.1.1 have an
approximate 95 % probability of being correct However, due
to the limited number of laboratories reporting replicate results, there may be times when differences greater than predicted by
the ILS results will arise, sometimes with greater or smaller frequency than the 95 % probability limit would imply
28.2 Bias—At the time of the study, there was no accepted
reference material suitable for determining the bias for this test method, therefore no statement on bias is being made 28.3 The precision statement was determined through sta-tistical examination of 8130 results, from nine laboratories, analyzing the physical properties of the five cotton fiber materials described below
Cotton 1 US Upland Cotton Cotton 2 US Upland Cotton Cotton 3 US Upland Cotton Cotton 4 US Upland Cotton Cotton 5 US Upland Cotton
4 Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may
be obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D13-1136 Contact ASTM Customer
Service at service@astm.org.
TABLE 1 Color Yellowness (b)
Material AverageA
Repeatability
Standard Deviation
Reproducibility Standard Deviation
Repeatability Limit Reproducibility Limit
A
The average of the laboratories’ calculated averages.
TABLE 2 Color Reflectance (Rd)
Material AverageA
Repeatability Standard Deviation
Reproducibility Standard Deviation
Repeatability Limit Reproducibility Limit
A
The average of the laboratories’ calculated averages.
TABLE 3 Uniformity (%)
Material AverageA
Repeatability Standard Deviation
Reproducibility Standard Deviation
Repeatability Limit Reproducibility Limit
AThe average of the laboratories’ calculated averages.
TABLE 4 Length (inches)
Material AverageA
Repeatability Standard Deviation
Reproducibility Standard Deviation
Repeatability Limit Reproducibility Limit
AThe average of the laboratories’ calculated averages.
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TABLE 5 Strength (gpt)
Material AverageA
Repeatability Standard Deviation
Reproducibility Standard Deviation
Repeatability Limit Reproducibility Limit
AThe average of the laboratories’ calculated averages.
TABLE 6 Micronaire
Material AverageA
Repeatability Standard Deviation
Reproducibility Standard Deviation
Repeatability Limit Reproducibility Limit
A
The average of the laboratories’ calculated averages.