Designation C1123/C1123M − 90 (Reapproved 2015) Standard Test Method for Compressibility and Recovery of Asbestos1 This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1123/C1123M; the number immediat[.]
Trang 1Designation: C1123/C1123M−90 (Reapproved 2015)
Standard Test Method for
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1123/C1123M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1 Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the bulking
factor of spinning grade fiber These include grade 4A and
longer.2
1.2 Results obtained on other grades may be considered as
an evaluation of their bulk fiber resilience
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
are to be regarded separately as standard The values stated in
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
system shall be used independently of the other Combining
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
with the standard
1.4 Warning—Breathing of asbestos dust is hazardous.
Asbestos and asbestos products present demonstrated health
risks for users and for those with whom they come into contact
In addition to other precautions, when working with
asbestos-cement products, minimize the dust that results For
informa-tion on the safe use of chrysoltile asbestos, refer to “Safe Use
of Chrysotile Asbestos: A Manual on Preventive and Control
Measures.”3
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish
appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the
applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use For specific hazard
warning, see1.4
2 Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:4
D2590Test Method for Sampling Chrysotile Asbestos
D2946Terminology for Asbestos and Asbestos–Cement Products
D3879Test Method for Sampling Amphibole Asbestos (Withdrawn 2009)5
E177Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
3 Terminology
3.1 Definitions:Terms relating to asbestos are found in
Terminology D2946
4 Summary of Test Method
4.1 The height of a weighed specimen obtained in compli-ance with sampling Test Methods D2590or D3879is deter-mined under a heavy ram in a graduated cylinder The ram is then removed and the height of the specimen is again mea-sured Measurements are repeated until no change is noted in the readings
4.2 The heights of the specimen under pressure, and after pressure release, are termed “compression” and “recovery,” respectively The percentage difference is reported as “percent recovery.”
5 Significance and Use
5.1 The value of compression (as described in 9.5) is proportional to the bulk under moderate pressure
5.2 The value of percent recovery is a measure of springi-ness or bulk fiber resilience
6 Apparatus
6.1 Graduated Cylinder and Weighed Ram, as described in
Fig 1
N OTE 1—The scale shall be calibrated in SI units, and alternatively in other units.
7 Hazards
7.1 Warning—see1.4
1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C17 on
Fiber-Reinforced Cement Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
C17.03 on Asbestos - Cement Sheet Products and Accessories.
Current edition approved July 1, 2015 Published July 2015 Originally approved
in 1989 Last previous edition approved in 2009 as C1123 – 90(2009) ε1
DOI:
10.1520/C1123_C1123M-90R15.
2 QAMA standard designation of chrysolite asbestos grades Available from
Asbestos Institute, 1130 W Sherbrooke St., Suite 410, Montreal, QC Canada, H3A
2M8.
3 Available from The Asbestos Institute, http://www.chrysotile.com/en/sr_use/
manual.htm.
4 For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
5 The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
Trang 28 Sampling, Test Specimens, and Test Units
8.1 Sampling—Take samples in accordance with Test
Method D2590 in the case of chrysotile asbestos, or Test
MethodD3879in the case of amphibole asbestos
8.2 Test Specimens—Take two specimens of 113.4 6 0.1 g
[46 0.005 oz] each
9 Procedure
9.1 Pour a specimen into the graduated cylinder
N OTE 2—It may be advantageous to use a wide-mouth funnel for
pouring the specimen.
N OTE 3—It may be necessary to obstruct the observation slot in the wall
of the graduated cylinder while pouring in the shorter fibered, and the
more free-flowing grades of asbestos, to prevent specimen loss This may
be done by wedging a wooden rod of appropriate thickness and length,
into the slot Take care that the obstruction does not project inside the
cylinder.
9.2 Fit the ram and cap assembly into position and simply
allow the ram to compress the specimen under the force of
gravity for 60 s (1 min)
9.3 If the observation slot was obstructed during specimen admission, remove the obstruction Note the height of the specimen at the end of the 60 s dwell period to the nearest 0.5
mm [61⁄64in.]
N OTE 4—It is permissible at this point in the procedure to insert a thin pointer, such as a needle, through the observation slot, and to let this rest atop the asbestos surface to facilitate reading the scale with precision.
9.4 Upon removal of the ram, the height of the specimen may change Note this new height, to the same precision 9.5 Repeat the compression cycle until the released measurement, and measurements under pressure, become con-stant Record these measurements as recovery and compression, respectively
9.6 Repeat9.1 – 9.5for the second specimen
10 Calculation
10.1 Calculate percent recovery as follows:
Percent Recovery 5~Recovery 2 Compression!3 100/Compression
(1)
10.2 Calculate the average compression and the average percent recovery for both specimens and determine the devia-tion from the average in each case
11 Report
11.1 Fully identify the sample as to designation and origin 11.2 Report average compression for the two acceptable specimens to 6 0.5 mm [61⁄64in.]
11.3 Record the average of two concordant results and report the percent recovery to the nearest 0.5 %
12 Precision and Bias
12.1 Acceptable Results—If the deviation for either
deter-mination from the average result exceeds 5 %, then test additional specimens until a pair of specimens meet these criteria, and accept only the latter
12.2 Precision:
12.2.1 Based upon a study carried out in 1972 at one laboratory on spinning grades only, the following measures of precision were established, as defined in Practice E177 12.2.1.1 Repeatability, meaning single-laboratory-apparatus multi-operator-day precision, was established at 28.1 % (rela-tive difference two-sigma limits in percent (RD2S%)) for percent recovery over the range from 8 to 14 % recovery 12.2.1.2 Repeatability was 3.43 % (relative difference two-sigma limits in percent (RD2S%) for compression over the range from 79 to 104 mm [36⁄64 to 47⁄64in.] of compression
12.3 Bias—No justifiable statement on the bias can be made
since the true values cannot be established by an accepted referee method
13 Keywords
13.1 asbestos; bulk resilience; bulking factor; compressibil-ity; compressibility and recovery; recovery; resilience; springiness
FIG 1 Compressibility and Recovery Apparatus
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