C1 exercise chapter 1 no solution revised

Exercise Exercise chapter 1 (Oil and Gas Properties) SECTION 01 1 Fill in the following blanks using one (or more) of the gas categories A Carbon dioxide; B Hydrogen sulfide (H2S); C Inert gases (khí[.]

Exercise chapter 1

(Oil and Gas Properties)

SECTION 01

1 Fill in the following blanks using one (or more) of the gas categories:

A Carbon dioxide;

B Hydrogen sulfide (H2S);

C Inert gases (khí trơ)

_ can form both inorganically and organically (hữu cơ)

_ is poisonous and highly corrosive (ăn mòn)

_ can usually be found in trace amounts (tổng số dấu vết) in hydrocarbons, but not often is there more than a trace

_ forms during the oxidation (quá trình oxi hóa) of organic material

_ is the controlling factor in classifying gas or oil as sweet or sour

_ is often associated with (liên kết, liên quan) evaporates (đá trầm tích do bốc hơi) within a hydrocarbon province

_ can only form inorganically (for example near volcanic plugs (đá phun trào bịt kín miệng núi lửa))

2 Match each of the "Gas" terms above with its definition below by placing the correct letter in the space provided

A Free Gas   LPG (liquified Petroleum Gas) is comprised of heavier

hydrocarbon gases stored under pressure in a liquid

form.

B Dissolved

Gas   Associated Gas is natural gas which overlies (che, phủ) crude oil as a gas cap  

C

Associated

Gas Dry Gas is defined as mostly methane gas.  

D Dry Gas LNG (liquified natural gas) is hydrocarbon gas (usually

methane) which is compressed into liquid for storage

and transportation  

E Wet Gas Free Gas is in a gaseous phase in the subsurface (lớp

dưới bề mặt) reservoir and remains in a gaseous

phase when produced  

F NGL   Wet Gas contains heavier hydrocarbon gases as well

as methane.

G LPG   NGL (Natural Gas Liquids) are the hydrocarbon liquids

which are separated from the produced-gas stream  

H LNG Dissolved Gas is in solution within crude oil in the

subsurface reservoir, but bubbles out of solution when

pressure and temperature drops  

3 Methane is the lightest natural gas and has a formula of CH4 What are the next 3 heavier hydrocarbon gases, and what are their formulas?

4.

A) What are the conditions under which gas hydrates form?

B) What are the two known environments of deposition of hydrates?

C) Do clathrates (vật dạng ô mạng) contain more or less gas than a free-gas-filled pore (lỗ rỗng) system?

D) What are the two major problems in producing natural gas from gas hydrates?

E) What is the present (indirect) economic significance of clathrates?

5 How does API gravity (in degrees) relate to density (mật độ) (as measured

by specific gravity)? to viscosity (độ nhớt)?

6 What is condensate? How does it form?

7 Circle one

Paraffins are/ are not saturated with respect to hydrogen. 

are/ are not  pure hydrocarbons.  

Resins/ Asphaltenes are/ are not  saturated with respect to hydrogen.

are/ are not  pure hydrocarbons.  

Aromatics are/ are not  saturated with respect to hydrogen.

are/ are not  pure hydrocarbons.   

Naphthenes are/ are not  saturated with respect to hydrogen. 

are/ are not  pure hydrocarbons. 

8  In addition to the four major constituents of crude oil (paraffins,

resins/asphaltenes, aromatics and naphthenes), there are three major elements and one group of compounds which are also found as trace

amounts within hydrocarbons What are they?

9 What are the four major causes for alteration of crude oil?

10 Shown in ( Figure 1 ) is the Tissot and Welte hydrocarbon classification scheme On the diagram indicate the areas where the following would be found:

A) Paraffinic oils;

B) Paraffinic-naphthenic oils;

C) Aromatic-intermediate oils;

D) Heavy degraded oils.

11 Match the oil environments below with the correct oil type (by letter) typically found there (These are generalizations.)

A: high API gravity, medium

viscosity, paraffinic and low sulfur content. 

B: highest API gravity, lowest viscosity,

lowest sulfur content. 

C: lowest API gravity, high viscosity,

low paraffinic content, high aromatic

content.

                        Young Shallow Oils 

                     Young Deep Oils  

                    Old Shallow Oils 

                    Old Deep Oils

SECTION 02

I Gas Properties and Classifications.

 1

Which of these statements are regarding non-hydrocarbon gases is TRUE?

  (B) Carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide are the most significant non-hydrocarbon gases occurring in petroleum.

 2

In the presence of organic matter, anhydrite may be converted to:

 3

Natural gas that is found in reservoirs that do NOT contain crude oil is called:

 4

The paraffin series has the basic formula of:

 5

is comprised of heavier hydrocarbon gases, usually propane and butane.

 6

Gas hydrates are formed as subsurface pressure and temperature .

  (A) increases ; decreases

II Crude oil Properties, Classifications and Alterations.

 1 As the density of a crude oil increases, what happens to its viscosity?

 2 API gravity is to crude oil density.

 3 Which of the following groups of compounds is NOT pure hydrocarbon?

 4 Paraffins with less than _ carbon atoms are gaseous at normal temperatures and pressures.

 5 Which of the following best describes the molecular structure of naphthenes?

 6 Aromatics are hydrocarbons that are _ with respect to hydrogen.

  (B) unsaturated

 7 The resins and asphaltenes are complex compounds referred to as:

 8 After carbon and hydrogen, which of these elements is the most commonly found in crude oils?

 9 Which of these crude oil types tend to be relatively heavy, with high sulfur content?

 10

_ oils tend to have the lowest viscosity, the lowest density and the lowest sulfur content.