Pienaar 1 Introduction 1 Business logistics in a macroeconomic perspective 2 Evolution of the concept of logistics 5 Emergence of logistics in a business context 5 The concepts of logist
Trang 1LOGISTICS
MANAGEMENT
A Supply Chain Perspective
THIRD EDITION
WESSELJ PIENAAR and JOHN J.VOGT
OXFORD
UNIVERSITY PRESS SOUTHERN AFRICA
Trang 2'If
Contributors vi
Preface vii
1 Introduction to business logistics
(W.J Pienaar) 1
Introduction 1
Business logistics in a macroeconomic
perspective 2
Evolution of the concept of logistics 5
Emergence of logistics in a business context 5
The concepts of logistics and supply chain
management 8
Business logistics activities 11
Conclusion 15
2 Competitive advantage created by logistics
(W.J Pienaar) 19
Introduction 19
Logistics linkages with the value chain 19
The value-added role of logistics 22
Customer service 25
Aspects of competitive advantage 29
Wealth creation through logistics 30
Conclusion ' 31
3 Logistics and supply chain strategy planning
(J Louw)
Introduction
What do strategy and strategic
management mean?
Organisational strategy
The strategy formulation process
Developing a logistics and supply chain strategy
Implementing a logistics and supply chain
strategy
Conclusion
34
34
.35 36 37
39
.48 50
Tactical logistics management and supply
chain integration
(W.J Pienaar) 56
Introduction 56
Tactical logistics activities 56
Managing the goods flow Product supply chain processes Time management in supply chains Conclusion
Financial aspects of logistics and supply chain management
(W.J Pienaar)
Introduction Shareholder value Cost of equity Free cash flow Economic value added Value drivers Return on investment Logistics costing and activity-based costing Marginal costing
Cost-volume-profit analysis Worked examples
57 59 66 73
76
.76 76 77 78 78 79 82 84 ,86 90 94
6 Forecasting supply chain requirements
(W.J Pienaar) 104
Introduction 104 Features of forecasting 105 Types of forecasting 106 Long-term and short-term forecasting 107 The forecasting process 107 Selecting appropriate forecasting techniques 108 Validating forecasting models 111 Techniques for stationary time series data 112 Techniques for forecasting time series data with a trend 120 Forecasting seasonality 125 Example of the forecasting process 128 Conclusion 134 Appendix 138
7 Network integration
(J.Louw) 144
Introduction 144 Network integration and supply chain design 145 Supply chain configuration and functional
requirements 147
Trang 3The stages of supply chain design and
implementation 149
Factors to take into account in supply
chain design 157
Modelling approaches 159
Conclusion 163
8 Production and operations management
(J van Eeden) 167
Introduction 167
Strategic and planning concepts 170
Quality management 178
Inventory management 182
Operations management: current approaches
and philosophies 184
Operations management in the service sector 188
Conclusion 189
9 Procurement management
IW.J Pienaar) 193
Introduction 193
The objectives of procurement management 193
The strategic role of procurement within a
business 195
Tiers of procurement management 196
The nature and classification of purchased
products 197
Selecting and developing suppliers 200
Procurement-related activities that enhance
supply chain success 204
Procurement cost management 205
Electronic procurement 207
Conclusion 209
10 Inventory management
(J.N Cronje) 213
Introduction 213
The purpose of inventory 214
Types of inventories 216
Important inventory concepts 218
Inventory costs 220
Inventory planning 223
Inventory control 240
Conclusion 244
11 The design of storage and handling facilities
(J.Vogt) 250
Introduction Initial requirements Sizing the warehouse Operations and warehouse management systems
The design process Fire
Security Lighting Conclusion
250 251 252 253
253
262 263 264
264
12 Packaging and containerisation
(U Kussing and P Kilbourn) 267
Introduction 267 Definition and functions of packaging 267 The role of packaging in logistics 269 Marketing 271 Development of packaging solutions 272 Containerisation 276 Integrating technology with packaging and containerisation 279 Packaging: a supply chain perspective 281 Conclusion 282
13 Equipment used in facilities
(J Vogt) 285
Introduction 285 Selection of equipment 285 Risks involved in purchasing equipment 286 Storage methods for small items 286 Pallets and their storage 289 Hanging rail systems 293 Moving loads 294 Moving and sorting 296 Containers 298 Conclusion 300
14 The operation of a warehouse
(J.Vogt) 302
Introduction 302 Warehouse processes 302 Errors in operation 304 Stock management 304 Types of warehouses and facilities < 305 Cross-dock operations 305
Trang 4Efficiency in a warehouse 308
Processes and operations 309
Delivery-transport operations 317
Bar coding, scanning and radio frequency
identification technology 317
The challenge of managing continuous change 319
Lean and six sigma operations 320
Safety 321
Conclusion 321
15 The transport system
(W.J Pienaar) 323
Introduction 323
Operational characteristics of the various
modes of freight transport 324
Terminals 330
Goods carried in the transport system 331
Freight transport service providers 333
The freight transport user , 335
Government as stakeholder in the transport
system 336
Conclusion 337
16 Transport cost structures and
pricing principles
(W.J Pienaar) 341
Introduction 341
Efficiency in transport 341
Economies of scale 341
Competition withiri'modes of transport 344
Cost structures of the different
transport modes 347
Cost trade-offs in transport 352
Profit planning and control 355
Tariff quoting 356
Conclusion 358
17 Transport management
(W.J Pienaar) 362
Introduction 362
Strategic transport management 363
Tactical transport management 368
Principles of efficient operational transport
management 373
Conclusion 379
18 Managing international supply chains
(W.J Pienaar and J Vogt) 383
Introduction 383 Distribution channels 383 Transporting goods internationally 386 International trade 392 Customs departments 394 Security issues 394 Free-trade agreements and free-trade zones 396 International trade information requirements 397 International trade documentation 398 Data to be submitted for international
movement 403 International commercial terms 404 Conclusion 414 Incoterms 2000: a visual guide 418 Appendix 420
19 Product returns and reverse logistics management
(U Kussing and W.J Pienaar) 421
Introduction 421 The role of reverse logistics within the
product returns management process 421 Product returns management: scope and
activities 422 The impacts of reverse logistics 426 Product returns and reverse logistics
processes 429 Logistics and the environment 431 Closed-loop supply chains 433 Conclusion 434
20 Controlling logistics performance
(U Kussing) 438
Introduction 438 The process of control 439 The concept of quality 442 Performance measurement 444 Benchmarking 450 The SCOR model 453 Business intelligence 455 Conclusion 456