VIẾT LUẬN 3 BÀI LUẬN VỀ VẤN ĐỀ GIẢI PHÁP VÀ NGUYÊN NHÂN – HỆ QUẢ Problems (vấn đề) solutions (giải pháp)/ Causes (lý do) effects (hệ quả) (vấn đề giải pháp, lý do, hệ quả) đề bài có thể chỉ yêu cầu vi[.]
Trang 1VIẾT LUẬN 3 - BÀI LUẬN VỀ VẤN ĐỀ - GIẢI PHÁP VÀ NGUYÊN NHÂN
– HỆ QUẢ Problems (vấn đề) - solutions (giải pháp)/ Causes (lý do) - effects (hệ quả) (vấn đề giải pháp, lý do, hệ quả) đề bài có thể chỉ yêu cầu viết
về 1 mặt (nguyên nhân hoặc hệ quả) kèm giải pháp
- What can be done? What should be done? (Giải pháp)
- What factors/causes/reasons contributing to … ? (Nguyên nhân)
- Discuss the effects of ……
- Discuss the causes of/ reasons for …
- Discuss the solutions to …
BÀI LUẬN VỀ VẤN ĐỀ - GIẢI PHÁP (PROBLEMS – SOLUTIONS) Cách 1:
Đoạn 1: Giới thiệu chủ đề, vấn đề
Câu 1: giới thiệu chủ đề lớn (câu này chung hơn)
Câu 2: giới thiệu quan điểm (câu này cụ thể hơn)
Câu 3: trả lời yêu cầu đề bài (thesis statement)
In
recent years, an increasing number of people are obese especially in
well-developed countries It can not be denied that obesity has brought
people a number of problems in both physical and spiritual health (thể chất và tinh thần) There are several problems resulting from obesity and
there are two main ways to deal with those problems
Over the past few years, …… (chủ đề) … has become a broad issue to the general public Some people say that ……
Đoạn 2: Vấn đề 1 + Giải pháp 1 (problem 1 + solution 1)
Đoạn 3: Vấn đề 2 + Giải pháp 2 (problem 2 + solution 2)
Đoạn 4: Kết luận (tóm tắt ý chính và đưa ra quan điểm cá nhân) Cách 2:
Đoạn 1: Giới thiệu chủ đề
Over the past few years, …… (chủ đề) … has become a broad issue to the general public Some people say that ……
Đoạn 2: Nêu tất cả các vấn đề (problems)
Đoạn 3: Nêu tất cả giải pháp (solutions)
Đoạn 4: Kết luận (tóm tắt ý chính và đưa ra quan điểm cá nhân)
Trang 2Lưu ý: (Nếu đề bài chỉ hỏi về vấn đề thì mỗi vấn đề sẽ là 1 đoạn thân bài,
chọn 2-3 vấn đề chính để viết 2-3 đoạn thân bài
Ex: the problems resulting from overpopulation in big cities
Nếu đề bài chỉ hỏi về giải pháp thì mỗi giải pháp sẽ là 1 đoạn thân bài, chọn 2-3 giải pháp để viết thành 2-3 đoạn thân bài)
Vocabulary:
Các câu này có thể sử dụng là câu chủ đề của đoạn văn (topic sentence)
Một số cụm từ nêu vấn đề: PROBLEMS = Challenges = difficulties =
worrying trends
- One of the most serious/ obvious problems is ………
- One problem is that …
- Another problem is that ………….
- Another worrying trend is that ………
Một số cụm từ nêu giải pháp: SOLUTIONS = measures/ methods/
steps/strategies (chiến lược) = answers = ways
- Sử dụng should: S + should + V (ai đó nên làm gì) The
government should + V… ; The individuals (cá nhân) should + V…… ; parents/children/students should + V….
- The most obvious solution/ answer/way is ………
- Another solution is ……
- One practical method is ………….
- Steps should be taken in order to overcome the problem of
………….
- A further step is to ………
- To solve the problem, S + V (ai làm gì)
- The problem could be solved by ……… (sau by có thể là Ving hoặc cụm danh từ)
BÀI LUẬN NGUYÊN NHÂN – HỆ QUẢ (Causes – Effects)
Đoạn 1: Mở bài: giới thiệu chung về chủ đề và trả lời yêu cầu của đề bài
Over the past few years, …… (chủ đề) … has become a broad issue to the general public Some people say that ……
Đoạn 2: Nêu Nguyên Nhân (causes)
Đoạn 3: Nêu Hệ Quả (effects)
Đoạn 4: Kết bài (tóm tắt ý chính và nhận xét, đưa ra lời khuyên, đưa ra quan điểm cá nhân)
Lưu ý:
(Nếu đề bài chỉ hỏi về nguyên nhân thì mỗi nguyên nhân sẽ là 1 đoạn thân bài, chọn 2-3 nguyên nhân chính để viết 2-3 đoạn thân bài
(Ví dụ 1: Causes of obesity/stress)
Nếu đề bài chỉ hỏi về hệ quả thì mỗi hệ quả sẽ là 1 đoạn thân bài, chọn
2-3 hệ quả để viết thành 2-2-3 đoạn thân bài)
Trang 3(Ví dụ 1: The effects of air pollution on human beings, plants and
animals)
(Ví dụ 2: The effects of the Internet on society)
(Ví dụ 3: The negative effects of video games)
(Ví dụ 4: The negative and positive effects of tourism on the local communities)
Một số cấu trúc và từ vựng thường dùng:
Lý do:
- Cause something (v); gây ra
- Lead to: dẫn đến
- Result in: dẫn đến kết quả (smoking results in lung cancer)
- Result from + lý do: gây ra bởi (Lung cancer results from smoking)
- The cause of obesity = the reason for obesity
_ _
There are several solutions to deal with the problem of
(stress/obesity) / This essay will discuss the solutions to the
problem of ………
(Firstly,)/ The first solution is that S + V (the government should
improve/upgrade the road system)/ The first solution is + N (the improvement of road system)
Hoặc câu này The most effective solution to the problem is that S +
V/ The most effective solution to the problem is +
Trang 4_
(Secondly,)/ The second solution is that S + V/ The second solution is
+ N
_ _ _ _
(Finally,)/ The most effective solution to the problem is that S + V/
The most effective solution to the problem is +
N
_ _ _ _
In short,
_ _
2 Focusing on problems and solutions (cả vấn đề và giải pháp) Over the past few years, …… (chủ đề) … has become a broad issue to the general public Some people think that ……
_ _ _
There are some main problems from …….
(obesity) _and there are also some solutions to deal
with those problems Hoặc This essay will discuss some main
problems from … and suggest some possible solutions to deal with those problems.
There are some main problems resulting from (chủ đề)
obesity
Firstly, _ _Secondl
Trang 5y,
_ _
There are some possible solutions to deal with (chủ
đề) .Firstly, _
_ _ Secondly,
_
In short,
_
_ _
3 Focusing on causes and solutions (lý do và giải pháp)
Over the past few years, …… (chủ đề) … has become a broad issue to the general public Some people think that …….
_
_ There are some main reasons for
… (obesity) _ and there are also some solutions to deal with obesity /This essay will discuss some main
reasons for (chủ đề)…… and suggest some possible solutions to deal with ….(chủ đề)
There are several main reasons why (S +V)/ reasons for + N/ causes
of + N _(ví dụ: there are several main reasons why people suffer from
obesity / there are several main reasons for obesity)/ There are some
main causes of obesity _
Firstly,
_
_ .Secondly,
Trang 6
_ _
There are some solutions to deal with (chủ đề)…
(obesity)
Firstly, _ _ Secondly,
_
In short, _ _
_
SAMPLE ESSAYS Solutions Topic 1:
In spite of many advances (tiến bộ) women have made in education and employment (giáo dục và việc làm), they continue
to be at a disadvantage when it comes to pay and promotion (tiền lương và cơ hội thăng tiến) In your view, what should be done to promote equality of opportunity (thúc đẩy sự bình đẳng
về cơ hội) for men and women in the workplace?
(Topic: gender inequality bất bình đẳng giới tính) – gender equality: bìnhđẳng giới tính
In many parts of the world, there is now greater equality between workingmen and women Nevertheless, women still tend to earn less and enjoyfewer promotions than men Some would argue that this situation will
Trang 7correct itself over time However, in my view, there are 3 ways that
can be done to deal with the problem constructively
One possible approach would be for governments to force employers to promote the same number of men and women and
to pay them the same salaries This would certainly tackle the
problem quickly However, measures like this would probably be seen asexcessive and difficult to enforce
A more feasible approach would be for governments themselves
to take the lead by ensuring that their male and female employees earn the same for equivalent work and that women are promoted fairly This would help to establish gender equality as a
norm and set a good example for companies in the private sector.Countries, such as Sweden and Iceland which have done this are oftenregarded by others as socially-advanced models
To further encourage equality, companies could be required to publish figures on the rank and average earnings of men and women in their workforce Evidence of large inequalities would create
a bad impression In order to avoid bad publicity, companies mightconsider it worthwhile to pay fairer wages and promote more women tomanagement positions
In short, It is true that the problem of gender inequality in the workforcewill probably not be solved quickly However, that is not a reason to avoid
taking action Governments can encourage change by showing the
way forward and taking advantage of the need for companies to present themselves as fair and reasonable.
Problems - Solutions Topic 2:
People today move to new cities or new countries more than ever before What challenges (thử thách) = problems do they experience? What strategies (chiến lược)= solutions are there to meet these challenges? Relocate, relocation (chuy ể n ch ỗ ở )
People today are clearly more mobile than in the past This is largely due
to modern technology which makes traveling and communicating easierand quicker Often people re-locate to large cities for employment; some
people study in English–speaking countries Whatever the reason,
moving away from home may create many challenges, both practical and social which can be solved in different ways
Trang 8Firstly, there are practical problems such as finding accommodation, managing finances, shopping and so on These
might present challenges to someone who has not lived independently
before In addition, adapting to a new city environment includes
understanding the public transport system, possibly in another language,
while trying not to get lost The best strategy for minimizing such
anxious moments is to prepare in advance as much as possible.
Thus it might be helpful to get advice from someone familiar with thearea There are also publications such as travel guides to overseascountries which give tips and useful information A city street directory isalso very handy Ideally, sharing accommodation with someone who isfamiliar with the city, or staying in a ‘home stay’ on arrival; in a newcountry, may overcome many of these problems Home stay families or
‘share mates’ will provide company (người đồng hành) and be able toexplain aspects of the new city or culture that may seem strange at first
There are also social and emotional issues to deal with, like loneliness or problems with the language Moreover, starting a new job or course may be stressful at first Generally, however, there are organizations such as overseas students’ associations
in an educational institution, or other sports or hobby clubs where it is possible to meet people and make friends
In conclusion, leaving home for a new city or country brings new comersboth practical and psychological problems However, if people plan well inadvance, these challenges can be transformed into an adventure
Causes – Solutions Topic 3: Causes of obesity among young people and possible
- children gain weight quickly
2 children have an inactive lifestyle
1 children follow an unbalanced nutritional diet
- absorb food which is rich
in fat and sugar
- parents are too occupied
at work, not cook healthy meals
2 children have a sedentary life style
Trang 9- spend time sitting in front
- not get involved in physical activity
- have high risks of being obese
solutions
1 parents encourage children to have a healthy diet and an active lifestyle
- limit eating fast food
- eat more fruits, vegetables and drink more water
- they will become healthy
- play sports, take part in social activities
- they will keep fit and lose weight
2 the government limit advertisements about junk food
1 parents encourage children to have a balanced diet
- cut down on carbohydrate and fat
- increase the intake of water, fruits and
vegetables
2 parents ask their children to lead an active lifestyle
- participate in outdoor activities
- they will improve their physical fitness
3 the government limit junk food advertising, put
a ban on unhealthy items Sample:
In recent years, there has been an increasing number of obesity cases, especially among the young Being overweight has become a worrying
problem which impacts people’s life negatively This essay will point
out the causes leading to obesity among children and
recommend some possible solutions to deal with it
There are several factors resulting on youth obesity One of the most obvious causes is that children follow an unbalanced diet It is apparent that children tend to absorb food which is rich in fat, cholesterol and sugar such as fast food and soft drinks Besides, parents today seem to
be so occupied at work that they cannot cook health meals for their
Trang 10children Therefore, take away food can be a choice for their children, which is harmful to children’s health Another cause is that children have
a sedentary lifestyle More specifically, many children prefer playing
video games, watching TV and surfing the Internet rather than getting involved in physical activity As a result, children have high risks of being obese
There are some effective methods which could be taken to address
children’s obesity The first and foremost solution is that parents could encourage their children to have a balanced diet For example, they couldarrange time to prepare healthy meals for their children Besides, they could encourage children to cut down on the amount of carbohydrate andfat in their diets and increase the intake of water, fruits and vegetables Furthermore, parents could help their children to lead an active lifestyle For example, participating in outdoor activities allows children to improve their physical fitness Last but not least, the government could contribute
by limiting junk food advertising or even putting a ban on unhealthy
items As a result, children can avoid weight gain by not taking unhealthy food
In conclusion, there are two factors contributing to obesity including an unbalanced diet and a sedentary lifestyle However, if parents and the government take these suggested actions, this worrying trend can be tackled soon
MỘT SỐ ĐỀ VIẾT LUẬN
1 Traffic jams are becoming a huge problem for many major cities Effort (nỗ lực) has been made to cope with it for example the construction of new bridges, the situation seems not to change much Write an essay to
discuss the causes of traffic jam and suggest some solutions
Thảo luận lý do tắc đường và giải pháp cho vấn đề tắc đường
2 “54% of the world’s population lives in urban areas, a proportion that isexpected to increase to 66% by 2050 Projections (dự đoán) show that urbanization (đô thị hóa) combined with the overall growth of the world’s population could add another 2.5 billion people to urban populations by
2050 with close to 90% of the increase concentrated in Asia and Africa”, according to a new UN report launched today
Discuss the effects of overpopulation (dân số quá đông) in big cities and suggest some solutions.
Thảo luận hệ quả/ ảnh hưởng của dân số quá đông ở các thành phố lớn và đưa ra giải pháp
Trang 113 People who live in the big cities face a lot of problems in their daily life.
What are the main problems people in the cities face and how can
these problems be dealt with ?
Những vấn đề chính con người ở thành phố lớn phải đối mặt; và giải pháp
4 In order to be truly employable, the educated person should be able dodemonstrate not just knowledge but also the ability to work
independently in teams How can team work be encouraged in
educational setting ? Làm thế nào để khuyến khích hoạt động nhóm trong bối cảnh giáo dục?
5 It is generally agreed that the amount of rubbish (rác thải) created by
human today is a worldwide problem What do you think are the main
causes of this situation? What measures can be used to deal with the problem ?
Lý do của việc con người xả rác nhiều; giải pháp là gì?
6 Explain some of the ways in which humans are damaging the
environment What can governments do to address these problems?
What can individual people do?
Con người đang phá hủy môi trường theo cách nào? Chính phủ cần làm gì
để giải quyết vấn đề này? Cá nhân có thể làm gì? (giải pháp bởi nhà nước
và cá nhân)
7 Nowadays the way many people interact = communicate (tương tác) with each other has changed because of technology In what ways has
technology affected the types of relationships that people make?
Has this been a positive or negative development ?
Công nghệ ảnh hương như thế nào đến mối quan hệ của con người? nó là tác động tiêu cực hay tích cực?
8 Many people prefer to watch foreign films rather than locally produced films Why could this be? Should governments give more financial support
to local film industries?
Tại sao nhiều người thích xem fim nước ngoài hơn xem fim trong nước? Chính phủ có nên hỗ trợ tài chính cho ngành sản xuất phim trong nước phát triển ko?
9 These days more fathers stay at home and take care of their children while mothers go out to work What could be the reasons for this? Do you think it is a positive or negative development ?
Lý do của việc bố có xu hướng ở nhà chăm sóc con cái, mẹ đi làm; đó là
sự phát triển tiêu cực hay tích cực
10
You should spend about 40 minutes on this task
Read the following text from a book about the Internet
Trang 12The Internet is an amazing information resource Students,
teachers, and researchers use it as an investigating tool
Journalists use it to find information for stories Doctors use it to
learn more about unfamiliar diseases and the latest medical
developments Ordinary people use it for shopping, banking,
bill-paying, and communicating with family and friends However,
while there are many positive developments associated with the
Internet, there are also certain fears and concerns (Academic
Encounters- Life in Society, chapter 6, page 129)
Write an essay to an educated reader to discuss the negative effects of the Internet Include reasons and any relevant examples tosupport your answer
You should write at least 250 words Your response will be evaluated interms of Task fulfillment, Organization, Vocabulary and Grammar
11.
You should spend about 40 minutes on this task
Read the following text from an article about technology in education
Now, write an essay to an educated reader to discuss the effects of technology in the classroom Include reasons and any relevantexamples to support your answer
You should write at least 250 words Your response will be evaluated interms of Task Fulfilment, Organization, Vocabulary and Grammar
12.
You should spend about 40 minutes on this task
Thanks to the ever-increasing use of technology, computers are being used more and more
in education Some people say that this is a positive trend because technology can benefit
both teachers and students at the touch of a button There are others, however, who argue
that it may deprive people of real human interaction.