spoken chinese

The first clause expresses the action that has been done first or the event that has taken place first.. The second clause expresses the action that has been done after it or the event t

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() MBF IST S

E:B#ÖW⁄8El(CIP ) #‡E

DUA OA + SER / BAT CES, ERE, OCS -

It: JR AEH EL, 2005 BEEN

Ail

EN-BAWNRA, SHRRALDAM, FMERAAREKRP SARA” P

PIP HERADAKP YG PLRAM MIMS IER,

$i IRAE —-BAWNRALZBRARPUA POLARS:

4® #nq 2-4 1} 324, 2†_H 1è ‡t 1} 7U dì 9U BF) Fo BE ey Wp FRY Ay UGE S&H

AEE At LAY FR GE ME Fest PE 2

FOE AAS LEAR RS, RH GILS] , pea SR HK

18 SOIR ARICA SDT BM, EB SF HH RAK AE HR,

‡* #?7Ê ⁄št 4 H}Ziš — H 69 tÈ 4T 2à 8 09

GFT RGREA BH EAA AREA OTM AEP È 5E-# tt ft

F FARR EME SEAA-PHEA SH EAA WA BAS

FEA PA BS AE AG MT Po SAR RTE Ob AG # 44k

AF Xe

BRERA RARER RIBREA HAR RR, BR

(4 1ã VISIR M) AAWRA BISA BS RAB BSS PRB SABE

ES RA ALE OT BLAR D , EAR 2500 AA ERIC ARAL RIB

šh & 69 # 3 3 #3) KHIR, PAYAVERRBAAAREDY

4$ 5k 1ã] ìE 3) 3 t9 Ø 24 3g TT 24 18 ¡xo 13 ìE VÀ % 3X 69 šX T8 lš Tà 1E 2 ; 3 4 +# 3#! + †E.4t2x4tU# 23 ứ H 3d tt 8 #4 t9 3 R7 H 2

ALE GARE ZREARSE A BAA KE HOST A FA #20

KK, FRAMPTREER A #a 4k2 3 4L $ 3 + †E ®# hề d9 5 #4 Ä E£

KA SMAPS IRRS RIAD CRE LM $0 EH EO fE

3 201K Leson20 ALY OJ 1 159

21% Leson2l B thse 168 3221R —_ Lesson 22 8# 176

(il ) GE) CB) (4)

WIR—

gongsi

pời cai yiding congming xiwang

jiéshù liúlì tan hua

xian ránhòu jin

fa

company

to send

to guess

surely clever

to hope

to finish fluent

to talk first then golden; blond (hair)

hair

“E-

(A4) (A 4#) (A4) (A4) (A4) (31% ) (31% ) (38% ) (31% ) (38% )

1E

fayin

guanzhao tóngwũ

yìbiãn -

jngiù

cónglới

duan hudqido zhiyuan

tèbié weile

(a measure word )

overseas Chinese

office worker specially

France Japan Indonesia U.S.A

2 & Ah BY AR AE

RAI RIRP BABE,

FPL: REALZRILF IFS REAPHLY, MASK

3,8 š BỊ A98 9

% Kk: -ZFA RAMWAZBA, KATH,

2

2 A: RYPASF ROREKKG, HS SER,

KP RGOPLSFYSDS RAEMAMKY, RERREAAB

& PD RKR, RAR ANMBKRTRAIURE,

2 A: PBEZEARME, RURERMARAA

R YD: SABBR RE-WUFRE,—-UF PRU FA,

2 A: MP SRAN? AARATULKA MER BAG?

3

FPG — BILAL ARE, DAIL AUGER LH,

REG LP ERB RKB MEL, TE, MMSE,

“e+ HY” emphasizes the time, the place, or the way of doing something, or the a- gent who does it What is emphasized is always something that has already taken place, e.g

3

OWA 3 ARR CHA)

Oe (388)

2 KEMIL FIFE, #Ri#tRTE

KE BEAR ORG PRR AMM EE 2k # 7E ĐH MF Mìb— +24 ##&UuÄ + Ä k #, lá— +22 8É E BU l6 R k Mi ĐẦM:

In Chinese, the adverb“ 4¢,” is often used before the adverb“ # Ja ”, to express the succession of two events The first clause expresses the action that has been done first or the event that has taken place first The second clause expresses the action that has been done after it or the event that has taken place after it, e.g

De KRRMARMT RANKS RBLET Rl Ais

Orie Low, Re Ae aS AFA?

#ÈẨ(NB): —/À 417 +IÉM., “4Ã ñ”— RE }LÉ +3 lš H MŨ3L Øị 4n

When there is a subject in the second clause, “#4 Ji should go before the subject, e.g

ORAA RGR o

3 RE-DSUE DSR RH

The verbs used in these sentences must indicate the actions that can be determined

by the agent himself It’s wrong to say“‡b.—3ù % % Ø, — 3L 2L Ý ”,e@.g

4 HER— š1# W tủ E11⁄4M 8 B 1U — ALOE

Oe A/a + 2/38.” 8 BR ỒN Ø & 3 4k 2l fE 4T 3 EAE 5X

a" CREMR EM + SM" LT RAE, “WAT

8" lt:

-4 /ẩ + 5⁄38 '**” is used to emphasize negation of an action A measure word, “measure word + noun”, or a verbal measure word is used after the numeral“ —” Sometimes a preposition” # ”is used before“ —” ,e.g ,

4

OZRKAKP AVUAE FRR, PALF W/ABRIAR

QHER—Kw/MRE,

QR ILA Ae BOL et / FRE

5 RfK— X3Liễ W thú EĐB, Hữ, thủ 8 8, B B KBR th

l H l li ð HF

“Fe eT iT NE EP OZ, le:

“*] ze" is a conjunction expressing a transition It’s used between two clauses, e.g

ORFHRANS F, TRA ik BiB,

Qasr FiR), TRMARIR,

“A THEM AA HY 8 RA HAR — BRETT ID

“3 Ý ”is often used in the first clause of a complex sentence to indicate the aim, the second clause indicates the action taken to achieve the aim, e.g

OA TULBFING SLY BARREBFMNE LEMURS

OAT FRE, RS PHAR PH,

A TAA RRNA BASE TS kT, Bl:

Sometimes the action that is taken can be put before its aim introduced by “= 4

YT”, e.g

OA OCA RA T RE,

OLILAT Veh 1 AR 79,

“4 ^+ð2_ Exercises

— KAT S38 aie FASS e.e BR Fe eee eee "Ye Aa]

Choose two suitable words, then Mã a sentence using “?E':',#ÑJFï -”;

fil: ERR +2 #4 —(gõng 6njú, public security bureau)

RABLHAMA EAS ALA HL

_ RASA PAPS MRE TREAD»

(3k #24 chOziché taxi, #] #U siji driver) -

Complete the paragraph describing the picture:

AT ERE DRA bELEAT FAP PES ø8 2°

?H A EMI 4 — KG RHI RS des (danxn, worry) To

- EKER P RMA, ROH th 4 šJ 38

= 48 Didlogue

Fz RUT iE (ERR SC ABE BA [EE — RTA) :

Complete the dialogue:

Aap MIE! ROYAL BA HR?

(3h) CH) (4) (4) CE) (Bll) CE)

fùnguăn

hdéocht pidnyi còipủ

tóu téng

didn ndshéu chăokðoniúròu weir

ni ting

la

restaurant

delicious cheap menu

to have a headache

to order (dishes) that one makes best ~ stir-fried roast beef

taste

oily quite spicy

CH) (4) (4) CH) (4)

(4%) CE) (4) CH) (4) CH) CB) (4) (Bll JZ) b2)

didao

féngweéi

tóngcùïïji Suữn sSuñnlờtõng bing zhén gudézht liGngkuai huớnjìng

shũshì

fùjìn reqing zhouddao weidao quèshí xian

sweet

shredded pork cooked in Beijing sauce

genuine flavor sweet and sour pork sour

sour and spicy soup

iced

fruit juice cool environment comfortable close to warm satisfactory

taste

really salty

KK: RIL AH? ARR AR

| #6: HERP THEA RR URAC TB?

ERP: POT REK CRY, KHOR , RRR SPE RIL,

B Ay 24? MBAR AMER, LECH, LHS OAL,

REPL: AFR AABZAILG A REBAR

& 3#: #l,—‡+195 † B*?M, — i2? † BỊ X, — 32 ở ? BH 2£, #\L 11 ,

3

ZMRML, SENSE EỊ È — 4e s24 1412 7 3#

1£ktT ,3L1X 8| Đồ 7 E3 114% ®8—kk5ÊJLyE34

"¿2 VÀ 6, EÌ 3*4ì1 3È 4ã ABIL AG IRS RAAT RAS), Kaki tù,

RARBG, RRA RRR k #4WöÐL, VÀ 6 TT Ï ?RYT vÀ2421# ⁄#§JU2

Kit EF Notes:

1 1ð

Xi§ E H“X ni Xe th” KR Ấ 2ƒ 7| bg 2u THỊ ( 2) TRỊ 8 lš ) 3 7ý 7 3H (76 7š 7R Hit) AAP RL ERE Bln:

In Chinese, one uses “X%-** X%++*” to link coordinate verbs (verbal phrases) or

adjectives (adjectival phrases) to underline that two situations or characteristics exist at

11

the same time, e.g

@ #47114“ 7T, %x"8xø#k

Q EAR CRA APT IE RS ERY

ÈtFfÃ(NB):“—3 + 211, —h + 2 14” i§ 1 # — et BAT NE;

“K+ HW X + 241” ý Đ ÉỤ Š # — 4k lị # # 8 + wlÑJo Hin“X §X&”

BF 9W“ T—Ml X —31L”; TlHẰ“— 34 & — 3 ”3u RE" X 6 X9 ”o

“—ih + verb, — ii + verb” underlines that two actions take place at the same time, and “X + verb, X + verb” indicates that two actions take place in the same period

of time For example, we can say“ X ® XX” , but not“ —id —3 %”;“— 3t & —3 Yiis correct, but“ X= XP” is not

2 BẠN, l8 T 8⁄3 8 T 81) T

“ấ1 Tị + ff Ý /F T ” tt Ñ::

(1)“4 7⁄27 ”,X1 AE “+ BTA RRA ERT TRE

#, Alm:

“4t Ý “and “ZÊ T are potential complements The construction “verb + 4% 7/7 _

Y "indicates it’s possible/impossible to do something, e.g

QRSIAT FREATRTI

@® KKH QAFRREWMAFT

(2)° TRANS” “M+ B/R + TT RRR EES Ow:

“'Y "indicates completion The construction “verb + ##⁄ZÊ + TY "indicates able/un-

able to finish something, e.g

“—+ PRL + ELL AG 2 ARES RAR, Ply,

In the construction“ — + Situation 1, #, + Situation 2”, Situation 1 is the condition, whereas Situation 2 is what results directly from it, e.g

DO RAK, RMR BCR,

12

@KAHRGRA EE, R-BRARFTR,

rae (NB): (1)“—" fost” 2 Bl, KASAM BAMA OE

WT Be” “LR AER MEER

“—" and“ %t” aré both adverbs and should be placed after the subject and before the

predicate In the examples above, “/& 20”, “% 3K” are subject-predicate constructions used as predicates

(2)" ft — it FB Bt HET” YS ee Bh REREAD RRB

Bl eR RE FE an:

In“fÈ — 3‡ l Bt RE HY”, “—-+- BE -is not a conditional complex sentence It in-

dicates one action takes place immediately after another, e g

“= FRR” Aa“ — A” thy — EAN RK Điển:

@ F#R-— AK wn BRB T

OWRBIT—AR,KRAT

6 HE AFM aN 7 A th Me oF i

“€" Bd RRER SSR MRE OEE BTU”, Olde:

“#£” is an adverb expressing of high degree and has the same meaning as“ 4” It is

13

often used in spoken Chinese One can add“ ” after it, e.g

DO 2 RBH), TRART

@ +(41), 1 $4⁄2 7ñ M l]o

@ 2X? 414(9), "4 1 TỊ VÀ ÄX 313 o

— FTES BA ABE Meee Se” ST RE :

Answer questions by combining the words in the brackets with” %-++- +++”:

1 A: ARAB RGB BLA EZ 1t?

B: (a RAY )

DEW BRAS BRY?

CR 3ƒ)

(»t, 37 (xinxian, fresh) #9 & 4B Te Sp tk)

MP AEA BC HAR | (fangbianmidn, instant noodles)?

All the following things are done by Xiao Zhang Combine two of them using “—-

wi: to make a sentence The more, the better

PRER DR R TRIER E SRE A BE

RAR GRAF NRA 1< ]*ỹK»b 3.1%

14

5 344 # k # (hòu, thick) Ÿ, o (AZ)

5 wee END AE — SIA To

6 BIB A RAT HY HE ak PRREL—EMA Bo

— SE BOT TS (OR ER 7 tb 9 HA Ac FER TH HE)

Complete the dialogue:

3k3ã K: "81i13#.‡X JLyE vớ, , lš 2 ñ9 74 °

LILL]: 47 & EEN RPE

HAG RK: TRAPS, PAT 1] IRA HR, RG

ARF We: AL, PERIL A?

KieR: REAR RBS › HR—4 HX (shUcdi, vegetables),

(31) (4) (al JZ)

(4) CB) CB)

suibian zhuan shùnbiòn

shúxr xidoyuan yuónlớói

guòibude yìnxiòng

17

le liđnsuðdiòn

búdèn - ,érqjš-

jiGndan yuèlđiyuè:

kala OK

geting wuting

to turn

gymnasium row

single-storey house snack counter

to laugh chain shop not only but also simple

more and more karaoke

places where you can sing

dance hall

KRESS, RMR MAA FRARA,

& FY: WRIFRULABA FRADE? RHMKADER,

1111 *481k.â #5, ứn H 3P 3J hấ 3È 32ha 1u1113 2 3° 3 33 đã 8 vÀ 3X§|— ++*† + 4F, 1113“ 2” tJU®% BH 3 + #£ v\ 3tL¡3 t RIL

meets Li Zhongwen and she asks this question in order to know where he is going, e.g

© Ri ABH AB?

Q bhERREMH AF?

19

2 RXÊBE.ÊRSBIRXệRệS 8 WW ự RNậ

ỘBa BRBỢ ORR" SHARMA SRA" S| ES CETERA ROKEARET A H LH ử3 lắ 3ú Hà JR BỊ, REF BRT BM:

Ội K++, HEA 4F++-" is used to indicate that the speaker at last understand the rea-

son why something has happened The clause that indicates the reason is introduced by

ỘJif 3Ợ and the situation that one once wondered at is introduced byỘl% #4Ợ ,e.g

OA: SF, ZOMT ANA A Awe,

Bi(RRRSMT , )NERBGMSRARERE,

TER(NB) ỘUR RT URE PM:

@ ARG A Ae, RAM ERR

3 ADEM MMNHARS T/AD RRA META DA

Ộ#*tỢ,ệ% R đỉ là tt 11, H #& ự Ở 4o 3XM Ộ15 ÉỢ.ỘtBXỢ#,Ý ATOR fm:

ỘxtỢ ,a conjunction indicating transition, is used in the second clause The tone

of AitỢ is weaker thanỘ #] 4Ợ Ộ{2 32Ợ Ộ A XtỢ is often used in spoken Chinese, e.g

@ A: MRA ANT A AREA?

B: REAR, A AAR ARIF

All BY BETA PR el, SeeỢ BLỢ te KA Ble:

As for other interrogative pronouns, Ộ#2Ợ ỘỘ4f JL.Ợ etc ,- they can also be used in this

way, Ạ.g

20

@ Hf AB/ Kei FH LAF

“In the sentence pattem“ {2. : ti? H.-+-”, the meaning of the clause after“ jij H.” is further emphasized, e.g

D WABEK EK, ABBR

@ 421,2 -X1ã,ứn HIb⁄£ #391930 Â-З z1 JU 1É

© REAP AA RRAM, HHS ARLA RHA,

“RRM RAB EMM ARB HAR Pla:

“đề % đã "Indicates that the degree becomes higher and higher as the time passes, e.g

D RAR

Q MLR ARR RAL AY

@ 79 /&#W4\t 4446 # 38 RRA 0

“AN "eA TF eA RRO RASA EW Pm:

Both“ #7 BY Š ”and“ ® Y "are used to indicate the aim of doing something, e.g

OQ KEMEGA LH, ADR EET RI

© MEK, ARERR,

21

— 4 Avs GEL “RIE » mi A ”);

Talk about the picture using“ZÊ{H -, ïfj H -”:

= PN AFAR RE A:

Correct the mistakes in the following sentences below:

BF Kew T HABA Pewee T

RAR LSU AS, LEP CASH,

RES RAAT HE sb, th ELE TAR

- RAMA AAR, LAKAI RK

FH KA RD ENE! RAD Rh DIRE

Nn

BW

= FP Wise

Fill in the blanks using the given words:

AMR WR ME RR BRE Kit MR AT

1 ‡$& FE RDA LYE, LE RIX ILE RGB,

2 FAP T IEE RY ARE,

3 RRRARE, ABILK,

22

4 5ROR RIFE KA RAMPAEF SK,

FA BETA Rial “A a/R L HE + / AB SERA F :

Complete the sentences using interrogative pronouns “{{/ ⁄B§ )L⁄& - + th,⁄

FE BRT TE (XP SEIS PAF BET SE, AB TA] Ep) RE Z HE):

Complete the dialogue:

*\|Rị: 2ã P1, ?

XM): HF], RB BH FEB Ly?

B: AAGKIL AIL HRA _ ,” —

XY): BORA — F , 4 ih Sp BA AIL hy?

B: xp RH, ° ‡ #| Ï z+‡ˆ °

24

= FE BOTH (EEK TAF BEN FB AEE, ER DE A Sb Se ER

Ti EERKRN ES SRA RS BH),

Complete the dialogue:

RE: OO, — #EU?

on: 1 ABBA PRAKR AG,

RE: o MRP RAT FAR 69 Ép 9 & 2#?

Ì both (and)

tóngyÌ to agree jingshen spirit lin to overlook dui to face nong to make zhao (used after a verb to indicate accom-

plishment or result)

(8) jinkOu to import

GE ) huòzhš or (=) tới (a measure word) (4) diònshàn electric fan

UR = Text

1 : ABS), A R—-P EH ARIRIRA DARE IR KT

%RJLW! 3 8711 5- R MAE RRS FE I

§ 3: lê; & AY? ti FA) AS?

RH, RRR BAGTRZAR-#H,

RREH AR ARC, —AA MEE DBRT

4ˆ #u:Š , tệ, _L HR, BE a 5, AY BY AE , Oe FARES what

TR , HEN Nii RE IE |

: LALA, AB) dh š +14: 3# T v2

: #03 ĐÔ E] &, 343L BÌ&, 142L f8 #®#

2 AME 23% ZAR AY?

! RRMA, EAHA HEE?

: MEAT? HEBAK Ph?

2 PENN BSR AMES? RE aa 2 3k:14 #3 : 4 /miš T, #4 2414 + i81 Rk 7E 1ý ft

27

$ 3>: AB #1 lL RBA ES, — AK Fr BE T RRA To

KE Hs RA MRSRPERAEM RFBPERAILD HAE

£ y, Hie, RARBRDESHB—T,

3

ILR KARAT WRALEE LEAS, CAMS ERS

KK BARRA T FUERA RERLABAAA AT ABH

0, AGB LAL GL RERS-LAF REBELS BANA, KERMMMHA

Kit FH Notes:

1 AK-TEH

(1) Bla“ A" RARED bom:

The adverb“ 7 ” indicates the quantity is small, e.g

D MEKFH HRT 16 F

@ HRA TET 50 RR

@ wa FT SAA MRECHT

(2)5\4“4”® 7£“ š š l4 ml, # lũ 4 + 4t d đã TRÍN Me We:

The adverb 2 ”indicates that it is not easy or it takes a long time to do something,

or something takes place/is completed late, e.g

© WAT ADD Bt ABS A A 1F dk

a rUnAT:

Pay attention to the following sentence:

© 1 # wh ABH (taxi) H, F 20 PAPA T , ATLAS (bus) +,#T7—^t34#:

HE, E—-H2-sÉ HRHERA, Hm:

In Chinese, “ BE-++ +++” is used to link coordinate verbs or verbal phrases This pattern underlines the fact that two situations exist at the same time The part after “+H,” gives further explanation, e.g

It is a rhetorical question It doesn’ t need an answer and is a way to emphasize something The structure is “Subject + & 4/4 + verbal phrase” When the verb is in the affirmative form, the sentence has the sense of negation; When the verb is in the neg- ative form, the sentence has the sense of affirmation, e g

OMREAASRIR,R GAM Koil? (4 RK Mi)

@ RAK, MAR at yy? RAAT)

QD FIs GAM MARE? (IRIE)

© WE A HR 03h? WARE RHA EE (4 R His)

“Reeve” a ZA, RR, ARAN ES ? du:

“4 7@*++"5” is also a rhetorical question, emphasizing an affirmation, e.g

O RARAT IL?

29

“ES AEOEE, RX AKERS, FEAR:

“ %”is often used in spoken Chinese It has numerous meanings and can be used in different ways The followings are some important ones:

(1) the TRAE LAMA EL, PHAR ME FE RURA CHIN

†E Me:

to do: It can be used to stand for other verbs, especially those that are unclear, dif-

ficult or unnecessary to speak out, e.g

D BARKS RABE TS? (th)

© Mere BAA? (47.7)

© 2405 Bt RARARFAET (2)

“Fp hee” BR, BURKE -TAT SAT THAR m:

“# 4 42 ” meaning “to make” This structure is often followed by a sentence with a derogatory sense, e.g

© BF MERKST FFCEBBREEAD

(2) BAER 1m:

to try to get, e.g

© MAM AANLAFR ARYL Fo

@ ANE AF BIL

(SERX EWR’ MH AH Ko)

(Please see how“ ##” is used in the text )

¡ lì 8B 5 — % H 7, # 0H % š 6 th B — R

SOE BORA a RRS ER EGET Mt Ra RA

EBM PM:

The structure“ 3 #%+ #%44 -”is used in Chinese to express choices When the subjects

in the two clauses are not the same, “3¥#”can only be used before the subjects, e.g

DRREDR EER, RAHA KRLAR, AMT

QPSRRLEA DY ANRALRAAF RAAT FH MR 0

@ RAK, RARE , AMT

30

Complete the sentences using the words in the brackets:

Make a dialogue according to the picture:

to change you must (not)

(traffic ) jam urban district