elementary chinese reader 2

ERDANGEME “jE” sowie The position of the auxiliary verb and the negative word in the ##-sentence PR JUGR Lesson 38 — --seescceser cee soenscccc seccesces coeseeacenee er JIA we... Ayu:

_ ELEMENTARY CHINESE

Nhm,

REVISED EDITION

—nr ĐÃ

First Edition 1994

ISBN 7-80052-135-4 ISBN 0-8351-2501-7

Copyright 1994 by Sinolingua

` Pubiished by Sinolingua

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Printed by Beijing Foreign Languages Printing House

Distributed by China International

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Beijing, 100044, China Printed in the People’s Republic of China

H # CONTENTS

#—+-=1 Lesson 2 :+::‹-‹as eo cao 2n on SE 6Ó Đó 1G hiên A0 06p sọ viec nhe 1

1 iB “7” (—) The modal particle 7 (1)

2 HBA <T” (—) WB The negative

form of sentences with modal particle 7 (1)

3 PBS “ST”? (—) THERA The affirmative-negative question with modal

particle 7 (1)

#—-†IH-IE Lesson 24 “c9 Y0 0405 6009 0 00.4 06 006 1066086066006 s56 882555 119

HM Text 2B

we Grammar

1 ASBhig “T” The aspectual particle 7

2 if7Ø2&6HIR “T” W4JŸd9#E The negative

form oŸ sentences with aspectual particle 'Ƒ

@ «B® (mR “>” ) wee or > used as ati

attributive 72}: Grammar

1 32354 The multi-verbal sentence

2 ‡{kgml “4%” ~=The demonstrative pronoun 4%

3 Sei “#2” The structural particle 4h

#E—-†-LÙt Lesson 27‹‹‹‹ <s«sse<ssssSseSsESsSESseekeseeeeesesseesee D2

1 ?##£‡hÒi£œ The complement of result

2 “3l? g?#4*liE Zl used as a complement of

result

3 “E” eee Reh EF used as a complement of

result

BE AVGB Lesson 28 — ccccseacececcsecacssscorcsecnsccessscoessscer eee G7

wx Text JER woe

3% Note

@ “pan”? #n « bị g?” wat and HE

ye Grammar

@ iB “7” (=) The modal particle J (2)

@ “# T” est The construction # -7

S—+7ui Lesson 29 toe w ee cee see cee aes cee tee eee ees nee res neces ene ere OG Woe Text Fick

2 SAR MIME SHEVA The position of the

simple directional complement and the object

3 “Ee” fee eee fe used as a complement

1 #l#£ The duplication of verbs

2 Ashi “it” The aspectual particle it

3 seid “xe? “i” “FIL” The verbal mea- sure words 7k, i and FJL

SSI Lesson 31 cceceeceeancesscescsecerceccsesereeeesscsessenes 116

t3 Text ay

ôót©e©00©006096000060800666000seoseoeoessesQQ

1 RỶEt#hi£ (—) The complement of duration (1)

2 HfE2hi£ (— ) The complement of duration (2)

3 “22” †gltft:‡kiã ý used as a complement of

result

#=-+M1? Lesson 34 san se Ctepoeesoeòo00060060606660605eseeesesossoese Ì QÕ

1% Text i§mM#IZ%

EE Notes

Q hh RFE AB FESR AY”

® Kia “%” The pronoun %

® “12168” “The number 1216”

xe Grammar

l “8-89” Ki® The construction #2 - fy

2 gli] “gt” The adverb #

H=+Hiz Lesson 35 —

x Text as ERE Note

1, +ỊÊB‡h‡ The potential complement

2 TI AE*ME MAEM Ai] The potential complement and the auxiliary verb

3 “—j8JL” #n “#—jJL” —AUL and #8—wJL t=-LRẾO Lesson 37 ‹ịccc- cac SA SA HH 1YY kỲn n1 v9 s16 se se cn« 21:0

we Text Atay

EE Notes

@ “5%” 5] BY The extended usage of ee

@ “X” RAMA RA NAC MW indicating coexistence of two conditions

®@ “#187

eH Grammar

1 “#8” 4 (—) The #f-sentence (1)

2 FA “#8”? SoBe RAB Points to note when

using the #-sentence

3 ERDANGEME “jE” sowie The

position of the auxiliary verb and the negative

word in the ##-sentence

PR JUGR Lesson 38 — seescceser cee soenscccc seccesces coeseeacenee er JIA

we Text FEA

YER Notes

QO “KKABRHART”

2 “SE RK’ =H”

eye Grammar

“yy <4) (—) The #f-sentence (2)

BR =i EB Lesson 39 -s.cescccenscecetecessreccssascee one nee ces coe e+ 238

wx Text RRARA

ER Note

@ BB “xR”

#e Grammar

1 FA “bk” aie tt used to show comparison

2 %8#h48 The numeral-measure complement

1 #814) The existential sentence

2 SBR HesR The construction #8 - 88 ‹«

3 “tt? + tà”

fPmM-+ESX Lesson 43

«284

-296 HRM Text ARMs A

EF Note Ψ RRWBEMS The complex complement of

degree

4 #8#iflft4Hilãj@í The duplication of measure

words and numeral-measure words

5 Jý#@wmlã£@ The duplication of adjectives

2#: 424) Outline of Grammar for Review .-398

WE PIE T AREMBIL J 2 ®

ERA AT? | MEY FAB

HE KAMER T 5 FAA ABIL

MEARH, CALRT HEM

HRET, REWMUAT SDALAA

(5) tếng

a modal particle —

hospital fruit apple

sweets, sugar

beer fizzy drink, soda water

to walk, to leave

to feel comfortable

to fall ill

to catch cold

to have a fever already

21 Ze (sh) zhuyi to pay attention to

22 A (Bl) bié used to formulate the

@ gli] “APR” = BN] “OP RE” ZeaRHTt, th “we? dg

Bane WHEE, BUA DWT

The adverb 5] §§ is used before or after the subject to exp-

ress surmise, It implies a higher degree of probability than +i

5

The modal particle 7 has various functions In this lesson

we discuss the use of J as an aspectual particle, showing com-

pleted action Compare the following two groups of dialogues

The absence of J in group (1) shows that the actions have

not yet happened, while its use in group (2) shows that the

actions are completed

2 T1§^UM “T7” (—)2W##&z

Negative form of sentences with the modal particle (1)

Tea Hid “TT” ( ) Wat, SENED Ait Okt

“RA” ROR”, AMT” Ayu:

The negative form of a sentence with the modal particle 7

(1) is constructed by putting the adverb #4 or & before the

is a modal particle, is used to show that an action has not started or has not yet been completed, e.g

BAMA “T” (—) way, IER HEIR Fs

The form of such a question is as follows:

WE RRA HT EA

—&AT

A RT 4#?

A o

“Re” EDEN REED Ro

4# at the end of a sentence cannot beshortenedto #%,

Kit fe, — am, FA — 2|

LAK AB, AS, bt

RIE PME ERR KB, RAT

Bak R, i THEIT

zi T RUE, RAFF 45 4 RM, BH

15

EO LAEA RRB, 161241124244 T

REL MNI-KHTARALE, &

MET LAM, He MAT

a small shop attached

to a hotel, a school, etc

(3%) rẻqíng

then and only then the Temple of Heaven Park

to begin cordial, enthusiastic

17

#h3€ E49] «Additional Words

1 ese (4%) zbanpin exhibits

2, DG (4) gongyipin craft products

3, zy H (4 ) túpiàn picture, photograph

4, | là R&R ( % ) tibido chart

5 x 42 ( # ) shíiwù real object

W@W, wx Grammar

1 AE “TT” The aspectua particle T

—*%†£*[l#tff3tfT, FER ERE CMM BEN

AAR RA ĐI aA BREWS AA MASH “KT” Ares

WAWWURARDENSRM HOSA “TT” HOW ewWwOR

ARB, OTB Ft BOR WH HE 1B o PAR:

The Chinese verbal aspect—progressive, continuous, perfect

tense etc., is indicated by the use of an aspectual particle, adverb

i8

or other modifier The aspectuai particle # added to a verb

shows the completion of an action If a verb with the aspectual particle T takes an object, the object is usually qualified by a numeral-measure word or another attributive, 6.g

3 “4A” Bl “st” ~The adverbs 7 and gf

“4” Ml “GL” BEA MA” RRR, aBE

19

SAMA, Bits

Both A and # are adverbs # is used to show that an

action is happening later than expected or considered appro-

priate, or occurs with difficulty, e.g

X32 RÁ4ki£, &ñI8,hihÄ, 2k 3

aI,

“Rh” RAOERLESTREASMA, Alm:

ðÈ is used to show that an action happens earlier than

expected or goes without a hitch e.g

When two actions happen in ‘succession, the aspectual par-

ticle S is added to the first verb, and the second verb is introduced

by the adverb #, e.g

Fill in the blanks with 7 or #

(1) SMAAK, fesLR +> _ Al, (2) RXBRKS, RNA BUR,

(3) ‘DEAT, BARR, HE

NE RMET,

(5) SREFRIMB AE, ARR,

eee _AT

21

C10) (RANK BAST 4? AML?

Cir) ARAL IU #6 HET 2

(12)-1# 4đ ‡k4* ME ^l#‡?

LATER IE

Rewrite the text as a dialogue,

RFR Table of Chinese Characters

ie, IBN, Ris

AiR E att Weak Ay aE TMA

2 BRAT ( ø ) lũxíng to travel, tour

3 + ( 3 ) zhao to look for

4 AB (#) Tianjin Tianjin (Tientsin)

5 Lab ( 4 ) gõngyè Industry

6 E3) * ( # ) Nangjing Nanjing (Nanking)

7 ⁄& 3} ( 2 ) nóngyè agriculture

§ 2 ( 3) zuod to sit, to travel by

29

city ship, boat

a prefix for ordinal numbers

seat

every, each

summer , winter

34 FF ( Bil) zai again

‡Èf#t&jj Additional Words

train or bus ticket

1 FR ( # ) chẽpiào

2, He ( % ) jipiao plane ticket

HE sp sn or

38 Ava ( 4% ) chudnpiao ship ticket

4, 1` (% ) piaojia ticket price, fare

5 Az = ab (4) shoupiaocht booking office

ER Notes

@ #822713 The complex attributive

CAME, BARMARMEAECHN, CMP DB 2>l—#X”m “tủ”

When an adjective used as an attributive is itself qualified

by an adverb, the structural particle # must be used between the attributive and the central word

@ “2? (Œœ“?ÐP”) #£#1E # (or 2?) used as an

31

attributive

WA MKB” (MR “/P” )EÄFiBEii4IRIR, Rfi—/#}m

MEME I “RSA” “ZB 5”

When the adjective & (or >) is used as an atiributive to

modify a noun, there must be another modifier before 4, e.g

BREA, RABB

Hi, Hi Grammar

1 3z Multi-verbal sentences

THiS ES ES ob 1đ A—-TSEENAT, me a

3ERl AJL oh ial eS EE, REA BEE G0:

A multi-verbal sentence is one in which the predicate con-

tains two or more verbs in succession governed by a common

subject The verbs are arranged in a fixed order which cannot

normally be changed, e.g

WRK REIT

KRLRBAERRG,

Hee EAL i,

2 #8 (ti) “4” ~The demonstrative pronoun 4

feat) OS” CZ MN, rhl#im8#i, đlim,

When the demonstrative pronoun 4% is used to modify a

noun, a measure word must be put between 4 and the noun

e.g

ERIRBTAE +,

32

BR BAT ORAA TAN EH

ANZA “Ss BAN PAAR WM “#2? “4

4” °

A very few nouns are used together with 4 without any measure word in between, e.g SK, 4F

“se” Sali “Rh” BE, RARAPS PIM:

#% used together with the adverb #§ emphasizes that there

38 prefixed to a numeral indicates that this is an ordinal

number, e.g $—, Bok, PORMWS and $-+HF

7s, #3 Exercises

1 “RR ADWABAUT AFT HSA:

Fill in the blanks with the phrases given:

EKE ARG Bin Ff

aT BE ae EL AIRE FAR 2È k #£

33

3g 3 A pe (3) Bee 3

(5) x ft 1 st eg % t WA Ä thiếu Answer the questions according to the text:

() 2X TT &U HT, (1) 33t Tí Tí 2n ek Fo aga

CO) WAAEKA RAT AS TR IAT

XL, AGG RMI RGAE, (3) Fl EH TURE Lie?

ARE ALC SY) RB FE (8) PALE Ram? ALA?

Rewrite the following passage to describe your own plans:

PFE AFA RUA MER, HRN EZ

PRASZASTA, RKAM HMA, &

+: RHA — Ce os be - , 2, Ft ( 3) ) qi to ride

i WHF, 7 ig aE zh 7 ° By + 3 3 A tT & ( 4 ) zixingché bicycle

ä #‡ + ay AK 4# 5 ° ee tế # % + 3} Rik , 4 KF 5 ( % ) hudchézhan railway station

Loe ee Ye ¬ vs ~ 6 BA ( ) kèren guest

su MT BK Hb AT 5 tk; &F 7 it%3% (4% )qichézhan busstop

iW RR 9 , LA đề + X 9 we, 5 K ( & ) dianbao telegram

10, + (7Z£ ) shàng last

ĩ ? ATTA # i 3h 12 T C + ) ( ø ) xia(ché) to get off

3 3ƒ ap Ae i, ‹ ab : + * vehicles

v=o “ 15 ( # ) kai(ché) to drive, to start

+ 9 HR, i + £ l 16, Aheee dt céng qi from on

FEAR, ” co 1g Aro Sl céng dao from .to

Hans, name of a per- son

to tell (public) bus

because

places within a country

other than where one

is

to meet (be present at

the arrival of)

wh 35 (4% ) chizhank6éu exit of a railway sta-

“KEI” CRUE” BABI “ADE” ,

Both 4:34 and 74234 can be shortened to #34

@# Grammar

1 #4„B7j “#g” (—) The structural particle py

HA, HARM E RAMA, FEMMES AZ

BA “aN” Bilan:

When a verb, verbal phrase or subject-predicate construc- tion is used as an attributive, #4 must be put between the attri- butive and the central word, e.g

XA] RARIF, KWARF

fl, BYU WM:

Both J\ -#3 and \\ - 4] are common constructions which

may refer to time, place or distance, e.g

BAY RH, 13% 39 PATAR

KF 3h, LAR RARWG ©

FFAG ESAS BMATH

BS LEI AiG Me ARIZ

3 /#'MBhI] “kÒb? The structural particle 3#

HARCAAMMAKECHN, KRENPDBCAANERA

“we” , ME HBAM(ERIEB-RER “Hh”, EREHBAW

RARE El A, “#h” —Â#ÊB/8Mão MW: ,

When a verb or an adjective is pre-modified by an adverbial,

4h must in certain cases be used between the adverbial and the

central word When a disyllabic adjective is used as an adver-

bial, 4% is usually needed When an adjectival adverbial is pre-

modified by an adverb of degree, #4 usually cannot be omitted,

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

Put the missing structural particle @§ in its correct place

in each of the following sentences:

WAST SAP RS SALA

ELBIT,

REAR @ BAGEL A

ET BRAN PS OT AA HAS Bil “WN” WSF

Combine each pair of sentences into one sentence using the structural particle ,

#| Example;

47

(34-3: + 3Ã mi MOF Re | 4L + =,.+#l—.* +

IR Ay Hh Fe RAY A KEI MWA HRA AF BR

(2) Meet mnne, (2) KR PSRARGL, RA FOE

Ak 4S 8) -F- ARE, ` “SkK#,_ 41» AIA RE,

Ke YY WA RR 3ƒ ° Answer the questions according to the text:

M%# Table of Chinese Characters —

guan

mén

da(kai) kai

chuanghu shouyinji

dianshiji

lnyinji yinyué tiangi yubao

qing

gão qiwén

just now

to see, catch sight of

to see

sing (a song) song

weather

to forecast clear high

temperature

57

@ “Bi” “Rh? Be Ca” RMU” SPEAR

CB” WHEE “BB”, “WL” ORE UA”

His often used after & or WF as a complement of result

3#]! means @3), and WIL means WS

@ “8B” +ERM)›XfZ., BRRBEN, MAB

Hea, “REE A” BE “HERB”

Double negation is an emphatic way of indicating affirma-

be regarded as a single word The aspectual particle 7 or object, if there is any in the sentence, must be put after the resultative complement, e.g

“RE (A) 0B” WU:

1£ ( # ) may be used in a negative sentence with a re- sultative complement A sentence of this kind often has a verb indicating a completed action The structure 7% ( # ) -JE may

be used if the action has not yet been performed or completed,

ẹ.E:

29

We RRA HT RA?

—3 xã KL °

‡š &1›?31£©Ã ALA?

——*§®%

2 “Bl” (ARIE #j as a resultative complement

“2” (E28 thie, D13S2R.À H3 1B tỉ 2) ƒEik 5| th gã „ R[

P1 3S2X3fEEï #: #| 3 Bi lRỊ ; 1h, BỊ bỊ 323 5) ƒEiš 8l Y BH 89a Øl#H›

#j used as a resultative complement indicates that somebody

or something has reached a certain place through the action

indicated by the main verb, or an action has continued until a

certain point in time, or that an action has attained its goal, e.g

AGT o

RNFAP POR, DAUBHAT

IR

REAM DBT «

3 “bE” (EER ehiB _b as a resultative complement

SE” (ERIE, RADEERBPCESR AREWS

#R, ANDRRAERARMFERHERE Blin:

_£ used as a resultative complement indicates that the com-

pletion of an action has produced a certain result such as the

connection of two things or the attainment of a purpose Some-

Make as many verb + resultative complement construc-

tions as you can, using the words in group A as main

verbs and those in group B as resultative complements;

Put a suitable resultative complement in each of the blanks:

MERE FRELAKG BARRETT