learn to speak chinese book 1

tỳ 331 8 35 AQ Fi BC a1 %IM3i Lãi Firsttone Second tone ThirdtoneA ThirdtoneB Fourth tone pattern A; if a thrid tone precedes other tones except the third, it is pronounced as pattern

Learn to Speak Chinese (Book 1) SRP Bt)

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“Learn to Speak Chinese" (Book 1) is a crash teaching course for beginners, with English translation The stress is laid on conversation and listening comprehension, and the most basic and frequently used

language was selected in the text It is suitable not only for classroom

instruction but also for self study This teaching material contains

twenty lessons, each of which consists of text, new words, notes and

drills Each text consists of a short paragraph and several dialogues

on related topics The drills are povided for the learner to further Practice the main words and new language points This book is very Practical and lays emphasis on training learners’ communicative

ability in different situations and on different topics Explanations on

language phenomena is very concise, which makes the study

Learn to Speak Chinese 7

relaxing and practical

Tao Lian, Xu Yuming, Peng Zeng'an and Liu Aiqun, Fudan University,

This textbook is compiled by Prof Wang Guo'an (editor in chief),

mainly introduce the formation of Chinese syllables, the changes of

syllable in speech, and "pinyin" ——— a set of phonetic symbols de-

scribing the Chinese syllables

Learn to Speak Chinese 6

RESP RAPS > HENRI BOAR

A syllable in Chinese consists of an initial,

a final, and a tone

— + FE Initials

DRIP RE - RST SLAM > ( (AGRA Ae aR

FRNA > BURLAP AR ©) RSE ADIN o EMT

gins There are altogether 21 initials in Chinese Their Pronunciation

(described in IPA) and "pinyin" symbols are listed below

FETS ERE) FESS EHR HESS Dhan | Hees BGS

Pinyin IPA Pinyin IPA Pinyin IPA Pinyin IPA

There are altogether 39 finals in Chinese Their pronunciation

(described in IPA) and "pinyin" symbols are listed below

HEPES GHG | HSSS SHS) HSSS Sham | HeF

Pinyin IPA Pinyin IPA Pinyin IPA Pinyin IPA

el (| i [i] jou [u] i fy]

° [ol uo [uo]

ề fe] | ic [ie] tic [ye]

a [ail uai [vai] oe

eng [an | ing [in] | ueng [uan]

ong [un] | iong [yn] |

Learn to Speak Chinese wii

= + s4 iH Tones

PATH UA BEAL RE IG EP mA > BLE TREAT Ae

Zlrl › 8# #SIH89 š 1V + LLY ATV SRE AS DN FL E

ACPA © FAIR ARH TE) 9 EH)

By a tone, we mean the pitch variety It consists of relative pitch

difference and the pattern of pitch change Being a part of a syllable,

different tone forms different syllable There are 4 kinds of tones and 5

patterns of tone change in Chinese The following figure illustrates the

differences between them

tỳ (331 8 (35) AQ) Fi BC a1 %IM3i Lãi

Firsttone Second tone ThirdtoneA ThirdtoneB Fourth tone

pattern A; if a thrid tone precedes other tones except the third,

it is pronounced as pattern B Details can be found in the part

of Modification of Tones

DOLE DE LAR APS den 1B 9 UAE Sh CE HY

RFE ATU 70 FF Se BEAL TT

n "pinyin" system, tones are represented by the following marks

respectively The tone mark is placed over the vowel which is most

distinctly pronounced

oti Leann to Speak Chinese

First tone 1.205 e1 7n Second tone á 6 é í ú ñ

Third tone 76: ase vie i

Fourth tone G06 Sita

DURST S ALM Spelling Rules in Pinyin

SIDER» SL TIDOABER BRS ð Từ - lê V ĐRHHIEMR89)E7

ES STE SA HE SPAS HIE Mb TE

bols Besides paying attention to the uses of correct symbols

for initials, finals, tone marks, and the placement of tone marks over the most distinctly pronounced vowels, the following spelling rules

are also important

SEE RT TATRA T OREN > RG UNG When not preceded by an initial, the final 1 and the finals

I i

beginning with 1 are written as:

yi ya* ye* yao* you* yan» yin* yang> ying > yong

2 ufT#J8fEflMi4í/1EERJ + eT RR

When not preceded by an initial, the final u and the finals begin-

ning with u are written as:

WU Wa’ Wo? wal’ Weil’ wan’ wen > wang> weng

3 PTR eH ETS A779 REI > EA

When not preceded by an initial,the final ti and the finals

beginning with ii are written as:

yu yue ` yuan> yun

Learn to Speak Chinese the

4 TMS j qs x RNID Rus nl

APB > 01 O

When preceded by initials j q and x, the final tủ and the finals

beginning with ti are written as u ; but they remain as they are

when preceded by initials n and |

5 -1 [1]: #ÐÉES zh+ ch sh+ r f1 z+ C+ s JHĐẾBI › ÄBR/

Bi

When preceded by initials zh, ch, sh and r, the final -i fI

is written as i; When preceded by initials z, € and s, the final

-i [I is written as i too

6 JÊHou ` uei › uen ñilôl4f! BI - hy Shiu > ui >

When preceded by an initial, finals iou, uei and uen are written

as iu, ui and un

Ser EF) fe

WESABE AE (+)

AGAVE SAUTE HURIG BY >

The syllable-deviding mark (') should be added at the beginning

of the syllable beginning with a, o and e when it's mixed

up with the preceding one

said to become a retroflexed final This retroflexion often neutralizes

» Learn to Speak Chinese

the original final or causes its end to drop But its pinyin form remains intact with only the final end -r added

WF Example :

hua +-r ~“huar (222L)

wan + -r— wanr ( SOIL )

DUR OSU LIGASE (JL fb SR Le 8

AS o Hirt he as ee ATS CAI TT Lb LAE ðt

By modification of tones, we mean the change of the pattern of

Ifa third tone syllable precedes another third tone syllable, the tone

of the former syllable changes from the third to the second

lf a third tone syllable precedes any other tone, it is pronounced

as a half-third tone — a low level tone without its final rise in pitch

(pattern B of the third tone illustrated before)

The tone of # ( bt: ) is pronounced as the second tone ( bu )

when it precedes another fourth tone syllable

WF Example :

bu + shi— bi shi ( #2)

3 Cyt) See ENE SS re ea yt > Das WS

(yi) 3 HM fete th a Aes + 48 ae wR SS OH

(yi)

The tone of —(yi ) is pronounced as the second tone ( yi)

when it precedes a fourth tone syllable, but it is pronounced as

the fourth tone ( yi ) when it precedes other tones

yi+ gong — yi gong

Derr : &)MiH® /UWEPRIN › 4l

but in some textbooks the changed tone of "—" and "4" are

wi Learn to Speak Chinese

Learn to Speak Chinese xiii

xian xian xian

2 xingqi feiji katei

shuigué kéyi youhao

duõshäo — đitú mingtian

gongzud —fangjian— tosh

liáxu&heng liànxibù — vuelanshi

duihuaquan dashiguan

xiv Learn to Speak Chinese

xian lou meng fen

wu

yu yun rang miù

ying

xiangjido xuéxi

xiGojid zhaopian gingwen

How do you do, Mr Li?

Ni hao, Wang xidojié!

f kĩ + yy RA!

Miss Wang, how do you do!

Learn to Speak Chinese 7

B: Ni hao, Litt xiansheng! % dỶ Ñ) you | f4 > Ml ?® 7E! iy hao % good, fine, well

44H — xiăojš % Miss

SAKE zenmeyang [1% how

( BỊ Nores )

+E]#f£:W : IìRf@Œli

?⁄44fJ-£ñ9]WìR › HR —M1£# @fitllu l&ZKJš + 4

nial Ae ba OY Biel “AR

In a Chinese sentence, the subject is often placed in front of the

predicate The adjective can directly serve as a predicate, but

generally it is preceded by an adverb denoting degree negation,

or by "48" which is only used as a grammatical sign

sentence can be changed into an interrogative sentence by say-

ing in an interrogative mood or by adding the modal particle

"12" at the end of it What's more, a question can also be made

by using the interrogative pronoun, such as "A #*", asking for

the situation

@ WF Example :

The adverb "t2" is often used before the predicate It indicates a

feature or situation is the same as that mentioned before, or the

4 Learn to Speak Chinese

two share the similarity

6

3K⁄|4H : f£#ƒ ! TRAIT > ARE |

ICT VE ARE ?

5 1fRlf

MU FEE ARAL

XI & KI › AAAI AF © RIE IMA :

6 FRA RUSE HARA = XI&tJMMữ

Ra stl LA © Ro) ZN AIL

Learn to Speak Chinese

lam fine, thanks What about you ?

A: W6 hén hao Baba shenti hao ma?

Hi We EE Ae Wy t2

lam fine, too How is dad?

‘Ta shénti yé hén hao Women dou hén hao

fh Sk tL 7 lý: TR 1l BK WR Wee

He is very well, we are all fine

Learn to Speak Chinese 7

Are you busy with your work, Miss Wang?

W6 gongzud hén mang Ni gongzu6 mang ma?

How do you feel about Beijing?

Béijing hén pidoliang

Ik #8 3 3

Beijing is very beautiful

Ni xihuan Béijing ma?

fs Bm dk am Me

Do you like Beijing?

W6 feichang xihuan Béying

He is pretty nice, | really like him

Ni xihuan Li xidojié ma?

UR RK ® 2h 4H H2

Do you like Miss Li2

Wð bù xihuan Lĩ xiăojiš, ta bù piàoliàng HRB RM Z 2h HH: A BS #

Well, | am afraid not She is not pretty at all

CC [8] 2 jj New Words

14%) mama (% mum, mother V8 shenti 2) health, body

2 baba 8 dad, father

fie ta 4 he, him

iif dou al) all

TÍE gongzus & 4) — work

tt mang 12 busy

AN bù a not, no

ERR piàohàng (2) beautiful

XK x<ihuan a like, be fond of

Learn to Speak Chinese 9

In Chinese the object is usually placed after the predicate, and

the adjectival predicate usually does not take an object

ty hk ak Bol

@ WF kxample *

Pill Kiem

In Chinese, a noun may appear after the subject, indicating the

aspect of the subject the sentence refers to

@ WF Example: BRAY ARE

AA

@.* KART 2 EB GAAS IT IAT

The adverb "48" is used before the predicate, showing the

10 Learn to Speak Chinese

negative meaning

ΠWF Example

RAO HE PR ail + 1ãT¡1&2}— §# th # Hl f:38 ì#9ffitúị

Generally, other adverbial elements such as description or re-

striction should be put before the predicate as well

female, "fk" however, refers to male, but in case of referring to

both male and female, "{t3" is written actually

3Èfi1T.fE#lfRfr FRAT | FAB ER AL ae FRA ABA RAL Bit

Learn to Speak Chinese 17

No, | am not from Japan | am Chinese

Ni jido shénme ming zie

wm ft A & FP?

May | have your name?

Wo xing Yang, w6 jido Yang Ying

Hello, Yang Ying Who is he?

Pa shiwd de péngyou (duc) Zhao Ming, zhé shi

He is my friend (toC) Zhao Ming, this is Yamamoto

Yuiichi, my friend from Japan (toB) And this is Zhao Ming, he is also my good friend

Rénshi ni w6 hén gaoxing

WU ts te i ñ 3%

Nice to meet you

Rénshi ni wo yé hen gaoxing VOW me FR th A OX

Nice to meet you, too

IV

Na shi shui?

ABE ME?

Who is that person?

Ta shi women laoshi

fh ze FR] Be

He is our teacher

Ta jido shénme?

4b m fF 2?

What's his name?

Ta jiao Zhou Ping

fh m jy] OF

He is Zhou Ping

Ta jiao nimen shénme?

fh BoM th Ae

What does he teach?

Learn to Speak Chinese 15

B: Tajido women Hanyu

Chinese language this

a particle

be surnamed teach

what

name

who friend know glad, joyful that the United States name of a person Japan

China

New Words -

Xióngyi # %1 Yamamoto Yuiichi

aly Zhou Ping (%%]| name ofa person

&

SoU 7E Ì

Thị © restrictive or descriptive element of a noun is usually placed

in fr Ont of the noun Sometimes there is the structural particle

"age

in between Generally speaking, "8" is not used after the

noui n attribute, or the attribute of one syllable adjective: but

Learn to Speak Chinese 17

there must be the particle "#9" after the attributive which empha-

sizes the belongings

= WF Example: R2PHA © RATE &

GQ) The interrogative pronoun "i" is used for asking about STM | ee Tear

persons, while "ft" is used for asking others except persons

IRAE TRA

#9 ấñ 1 1 ký RJ] 1⁄

Hye SE FR FIZ FUP AE FR IT HH

Learn to Speak Chinese 79

Women Hanyit ér ban you shiwit gé xuésheng, shisan gé

3 fl 4 i— Đ 4 ETr 4 2 7E: I dù

shi Yingguoxuésheng, Méigué xuésheng hén shao, zhi

There are fifteen students in our class — Chinese Class Two

Thirteen of them are from Britain, and only two from America

There is no Japanese student in our class We have only one Chinese teacher He is a nice teacher We all like him very much

| have not any

W6 you hén duo waiguo péengyou, hai you bushao

| have a lot of foreign friends and also Chinese friends

What about you, do you have many friends?

W6 péngyou bu duo, wo zhi you ni yi ge hao

Do you have Chinese dictionary?

Wo you Hanyu cidian

Heo Ok ial

Yes, | have a Chinese dictionary

Ni yu ji bén Hanyti cidian?

Ws FOIL AS IX VR in) oh?

How many copies do you have?

Wo zhi yu yibén Hanytt cidian Ni you Hanyu

HN AT AR ial dk MR AO lã

cidian ma?

inj ah tứ} 2

l have only one What about you, do you have any?

Learn to Speak Chinese 23

A: Wo méi you Hanyti cididin W6 you yi bén Han

4È 1) ik id the RH 8 —®£ RK

Ying cidian, hai youyi bén Ying-Han cidian

we jl Bh ie A A OR RM id

No, I don't have Chinese dictionary But | have one Chi-

nese-English dictionary and one English-Chinese dic-

tionary

as ge = a measure word

xuésheng & student, pupil

shao 1ý little, few

iy hang # two

từ wei š a measure word

| ZU jidoshi % teacher

AEE bùcuỏ not bad, pretty good

SbF] wàiguô #›_ foreign, abroad

| cidian % dictionary

24 Learn to Speak Chinese

Ss Az ii] New Words ,

Bid “AT” BBA PR” OR GE > AEF AS

The negative form of the verb "4" is made by using

here must be a measure word after a numeral in denoting

quantity The measure word varies with the noun that is used

after it

Learn to Speak Chinese 25

@) Rial “7 A Ý BAG AE & 2š A Ú9 # ìñl ñU tí › Ít

“fe” ARE BIC

“432” are used before the noun referring to per-

Both ““S" and

sons, but “fiZ” has an inner meaning of respect

M” de rast BATT POT HY AN ETT PT Ab

É i” means there is still some additional remarks or sup-

plement to the contents mentioned before

"Ø8" indicates an amount, while "—" is used as a numeral, which

is often used with other numerals to form an amount "=" can

also be used to express the ordinal number, while "7" cannot

PRAT LAS GEIR im 2

OAR SLA ASH Ac?

PAT IAT ILRI BE ?

PM SEA ILS LEAR EP HABE LAG

HA ALi ah FRAT TAY I AS FR

BANA | -MUEBE

REA + aA 3&fi]E4ï 8fzïx ìø#J

FWA AS

iRH%R⁄b

1⁄18 HHI BFR A LTR et

TM FT 353 )n| ly ESE A LE

Learn to Speak Chinese 27

FRE VAAVY MEERA

2 Learn to Speak Chinese

Lesson Five

I Tiú xiansheng jia you si gé rén: ta hé ta diren, liang gé

MH A # AT US A: fh A AS

haizi Lit xidnsheng shi gongs jingli, ta diren shi

BFo XN GH 7E HB BAM HEA BR

zhongxué laoshi Tamen de liang gé haizi, yi gé shang

OS 2 Vio fh il 49 WW SRE 4 I daxué, yi gé shang zhongxué Lit xiansheng feicháng

Mr Liu has a four-people family, two kids and his wife Mr Liu is

amanager ina company His wife works in a middle school as a

teacher One of his children goes to college, while the other is in

the middie School Mr Liu is very fond of his children, and loves

his whole family

Learn to Speak Chinese 29

She is really pretty What's her name?

Ta jido Yang Ying

dụ, TH if 4z

Yang Ying is her name

Yang xiansheng, nin zhi you yi ge haizi ma?

wy, 2 1

You have only one child, don't you, Mr Yang?

Bu, w6 you liang ge haizi, hai you yi gé érzi

Mr Wang, where do you work?

30 Learn to Speak Chinese

B: W6 zai gongchang gongzud

| work in a factory

A: Nin taitai zai nar gongzud?

KK fe MIL Tf?

Where does your wife work?

B: Ta zai xidoxué gongzud, ta shi xidoxué jidoshi

We have more than ten thousand Chinese students

and also around four hundred from abroad at Fudan

Learn to Speak Chinese 3

lS

A: Fadan Daxué you dudshao jidoshi?

4 H kK

6

How many teachers are there at Fudan University?

B: Fùdàn Dàxué yöu langqian duo wei jidoshi

husband or wife

child, children

company manager

middle school, high schoo!

gongchang & factory |

xidoxueé % primary school | xuéxido & school |

xt dui 1 right, correct

4? duoshao 4 how many, how mụch |

ae liaxuésheng 5 overseas student |

Both th "JL" and "42>" are used to ask for quantity, but "JL" is "J," " " rn

us Sually used to ask a comparatively small number, while "4b"

is usi ed to ask fora comparativelly big number A measure word

'S required after "JU"

addition, JU" can be used to ask for the ordinal number, while , while it is not necessary after "27>" _ In

Learn to Speak Chinese 33

"Eí" "5£" form a decimal numeral structure To form bigger

numbers, this numeral structure has to be repeated, with its end

being added by "77" (To form even bigger numbers, just

repeat this numeral structure again, with its end being added by

Es RE TERRE AY fe TT SLI 78 07 ASE

If there is a "zero" at the beginning (with another numeral before

it) or in the middle of a numeral structure, "" is read, but" 1"

"A" "-F" are not read If there are two or more "zeroes" in

succession, only one "2" is read The "zero" which appears at

the end of a numeral structure "2" is not read

34 Learn to Speak Chinese

"#" means "more than", it can be used to indicate an approxi-

mate number If the number is from "—" to "Si" ,"B" is placed after the measure word; if the number ends with spe

“E" or "A" ZB" ig put before the measure word;

"3" is Put before "7" "4Z" if there is "+" "A" "F" before them

© WSs Example :

HA ER SF > 1 have more than Syuan

of 2+ /@ $e: Thave more than 50 50,000 yuan

RAB SHR #& 2 [have more than 500,000vuan

MR Ae “HY 8" PLA HE Bima yp? UZ

Hh ( PRES AAS) : thom

Learn to Speak Chinese 35

“+” mm PBB PBI AIR) > ROE R 4

If the number is "+", "%" can be placed after the measure

word or "7" "{Z" Itmeans "more than" ( 3#; 7/12

+R ) And also, "%" can be put after ">", it indicates odd num-

WSCA A ALEKS

Learn to Speak Chinese 37

Xincun My home is not very large We only have two rooms We

three people, my wife and my child, live together Welcome to

our home and pay a visit

38 Learn to Speak Chinese

Up

How many people are there in your family?

W6jid you si ge rén, baba, mama, ndinai, haiyéu

RA AWS A> HE Uh Wyk A

How many rooms do you have?

W6 jia you sản gè fángjiãn Wö y¡ gè rên zhù yi

‡® 4 #8 = 2Ø lilo K fangjian

Bz il

We have three rooms | live in one room by myself

Learn to Speak Chinese 39

Where do you live?

#0 Learn to Speak Chinese

You two people share one room, right?

Dui, w6 hé Mali liang gè rên zhù

Wo RM a WS A fk

Yes, that's right Mary shares the room with me

xIncun %) estate, new residential quarter

hao =] ameasure word

Asa inl > VARA OR” 2" BL BY

In the sentence with verbal predicate "3" or "A", another

verb can be placed after them to denote the purpose of "3k"

When reading numbers with many digits, just like room nubmer

or telephone number, we just read out the number one by one In this occasion, "—" is habitually read as "yao" so that there will

be a clear distinction between "—" and other numbers

ME JL 5 He)?

4 RE APY

Learn to Speak Chinese #3

liwa Jintian wofeic hang gaoxing

12 2x RE w RN

'Visited Mr Chen's home today | was warmly welcomed by

Mr Chen and his wife They were really modest and invited

Me to dinner | presented a small gift to them | was very

happy today

Learn to Speak Chinese 45

Hello, John! Please come in , and take a seat! This is

my wife , (to C) this is John, my friend from Britain

A: Nin hao, Chén caitai!

{ uy Mh RK

How do you do, Mrs Chen!

Nin hao! Huanying nin lai wé jia zuoke

be x MU RRR he

How do you do! Welcome to our home

A: Lai nin jia zudké w6 hén gaoxing

KR Ke RR BX

lam very happy to have come to your home

B: Yuéhan, nin qing hé cha

John, please have some tea

#6 Learn to Speak Chinese

B:

IH

Nin xihuan women jia de cai ma?

Bmw Ril AW ee we

Do you like our dishes?

Wèidào zhen bticuo!

Thanks, but that's too much for me

Nin bié keqi

Please feel at home and help yourself

IV Zhé shi yididnr liwtt

A: Jintidn tai ma@fan nimen le

SR RK # tị E

Sorry to have put you to so much trouble (I really ap-

preciate our time together )

C: Huanying nin zai lái zuòkè

I'm glad you have come to my home

cai 5 dish; vegetable

weidao & taste

zhén FT really; truly |

zai Hl again

tài le How ;too

méfan *4 > 9%) trouble; inconvenient

WS Example :

UL za bak > FACES ial min : 42 tad]

UL" indicates a small amount, a little, it's used before

a Noun, without a measure word :

Learn to Speak Chinese #9

i _

WIZE) PP ASE Eile ia > they LA aE $

Noun denoting time can be used before the subject of a sen- Ì4# !

tence when the subject is stressed in expression It can also be TB !

used after the subject if the time is stressed PRN 3%

ar BF Example? RSRAA cf 4 Ä 1á: IW3klt E2 !

"8l", used with a negative meaning, is placed before a verb Hep Mia— NJ LAR

Spples but not bananas that he bought

Excuse me, do you have a map of Shanghai 2

Yöu Zhè shi zui xin de Shanghai ditt, ni maj

47 3š & tí ðlỤ9 L ý HH: Ít 3%

ji zhang?

JL %?

Yes This one is the latest edition How many do you

want, by the way?

W6 zhi yao yi zhang Yu Béijing dita ma?

Yes, | would like to buy some postcards

54 Learn to Speak Chinese

ft # ft 4?

Can | help you?

Yi ping nitindi, yi gé midnbao

— Hi TM - Ph lH a

A bottle of milk and one bread, please

Bu yao jidan ma?

AS BE wy Ty

You don't want eggs?

Learn to Speak Chinese 85

B: Bu yao

x #

No, thank you

UfSH mingxinpian (4 postcard |

If the attribute is made of adjectives with more than one sylla-

bles, or adjectives with modifiers, the particle “BY” is necessar- ily put after the attributive phrase

= BS Example :

BAK aA”

"W752" is the most common expression of offering an apology

In reply, "3#3#" and "3#{† 4" are often used to show the for-

giveness

WRAL A ?

Learn to Speak Chinese 57

uy T1 TH

It costs two yuan and five jiao to buy a bottle of Tsingtao Beer, onê

yuan eight jiao and five fen for a bottle of Coca Cola Zhao Ming

has bought two bottles of Tsingtao Beer and four bottles of Co£#

Cola That's twelve yuan and four jiao in all Zhao Ming gave the

salesgirl fifteen yuan, and the salesgirl gave back to him two yua"

and six jiao for change

60 Learn to Speak Chinese

I Téngzhi yi bei qishui duoshao qian?

One yuan and two jiao How many glasses do you want?

Yi bei Géi ni qian (B gé A qishui) Xiéxie!

— te A &® He (BRAK OK) iit Bt!

One, please Here is the money (B gave A the aerated

water ) Thank you

Bu kéqi

ARR

You are welcome

IH Mai liang gé midnbao

X jẲ 2 fh fe

Two pieces of bread, please

Zhé zhéng mianbao yi kudi ba yi gé Hai yao

shénme?

a A?

This kind of bread is one yuan and eight jiao for one

Piece, and what else do you want?

Learn to Speak Chinese 67