Translation human resource management terms from english into vietnamese

PART A Translation human resource management terms from English into Vietnamese Translation human resource management terms from English into Vietnamese DECLARATION Title Translation human resource ma[.]

Date submitted: May 4 th , 2011

Student Supervisor

Nguyễn Văn An Nguyễn Văn Quang

First of all, I would like to express my deep gratitude to my parents who have, as it always goes, encouraged and supported me so much in my study and my life.

Also, I wish to show acknowledgement to my supervisor, Mr Nguyen Van Quang for his detailed comments, valuable suggestions, precious guidance and essential materials throughout this study Moreover, I am grateful to all the teacher at English Faculty and Modern Languages of Ha Noi Open University for their useful lectures which have given me a fundamental knowledge for the fulfillment of this paper.

Besides, I would like to send thanks to all my dear friend for their encouragement, support, and being always side by side me whenever I got the problems.

Last but not least, I would be grateful to any remarks from the readers! Thank you!

Ha Noi, May 4 th , 2011

Nguyễn Văn An

TABLE CONTENTS

DECLARATION

ACKNOWLEGEMENT

PART A INTRODUCTION

1 Rationale 1

2 Aim and purposes of the study 2

3 Scope of the study 2

4 Research questions of the study 2

5 Methods of the study 3

6 Design of the study 3

PART B: DEVELOPMENT 5

CHAPTER I : LITERATURE REVIEW 5

1 Related researches to human resource management terms 5

2 Overview of translation 6

2.1: Definition of translation 6

2.2History of translation 9

3 Overview of terminology 11

3.1 Definitions 11

3.1.1 Definition of terminology 11

3.1.2 Definition of terms 13

3.1.3 Human resource management terms 13

CHAPTER II POSSIBLE DIFICULTIES IN TRANSLATION HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT TERMS AND SOME SUGGESTIONS 15

1 Possible difficulties in translation human resource management terms 15

1.1 Difficulty in finding equivalence in target language (TL) 15

1.2 Practical experience and knowledge limitation 17

2 Some suggestions to translate human resource management terms 20 2.1 Joining in business management environment for practical

experience 20

2.2 Using associated tools 22

2.2.1 Using glossary 22

2.2.2 Using internet 24

2.2.3 Using translation software 25

CHAPTER III TRANSLATION OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT TERMS FROM ENGLISH INTO VIETNAMESE 26

1 Some figures of speech in translation of human resource management terms 26

1.1 Synonymy in translation human resource management terms 26

1.2 Metaphor in translation human resource management terms 28

1.3 Slang in translating human resource management terms 29

1.4 Quotation in translating human resource management terms 31

1.5 Acronym in translating human resource management terms 32

2 Translations of common human resource management terms from English into Vietnamese according to functions: 34

2.1 Translation terms of recruiting employees: 34

2.2 Translation terms of job analysis: 36

2.3 Translation terms of training and developing: 39

2.4 Translation terms of performance management: 40

2.5 Translation terms of employee motivating: 43

2.5.1 Translation term of environment and employee benefits: 44

2.5.2 Translation term of compensation management 46

PART C CONCLUSION 50 REFERENCES

APPENDIX

PART A INTRODUCTION

1 Rationale

In any organization, human resource always plays the mostimportant role to decide the success, the development or even the failure.Therefore, human resource management seems to be the more and moredifficult task, especially in the changing world economy real situation.Viet Nam, together with its great achievements in term of social-economy after innovation and integration, has to face many challengesfrom outside competitive opponents It is obviously required a goodmanagement enterprise in general, a good management human resource

in particular Well human resource management task will make thecontribution to help Viet Nam’s enterprises stand steady and be morecompetitive with foreign’s one

Terminology is essential in any economic aspect It allows people

to understand a general view of denotions and processes, transfers theinformation fast and accurately Human resource management term isalso a useful tool in human management task However, translationhuman resource management terms from English into Vietnamese is noteasy for the differences in culture, the complication of structures ofword, including grammar and set expression So, the role of translator intranslating human resource management is very important To have asuccessful translation version, translator must understand carefully about

human resource management terms and find the best way to translatethem It is reason why I choose the topic “ Translation bankingterminology from English into Vietnamese”

2 Aim and purposes of the study

The study mainly have the purposes:

 Giving an overview of translation and terminology

 Giving translations human resource management terms from English into Vietnamese

 Giving possible difficulties in translatinghuman resource management terms

 Point out some suggestions for such difficulties

3 Scope of the study

This graduation paper will give out translations of English –Vietnamese human resource management terms There are three mainpoints mentioned in this study The first is an overview of translation andterminology, the second is translations of human resource managementterms, and the last is difficulties in translating human resourcemanagement terms

4 Research questions of the study

There will be three following main questions in my study:

 How to translate human resourcemanagement terms?

 What are the difficulties to translatehuman resource management terms?

 What are the solutions to have a goodversion of human resource translation?

5 Methods of the study

I has carried out this study in some following ways:

_ Studying the recent researches related to this topic

_ Collecting material from different sources like: libraries, friends,teachers, dictionaries, internet……

_ Classifying and processing the collected materials

_ Finding out the mistakes from the materials of translating humanresource management terms from English into Vietnamese and thesolutions for them all

_ Asking the supervisor for his support

6 Design of the study

My study will be divided into following parts:

Part A: Introduction Giving the reasons, aims, scope, methods,and design of my study

Part B: Development Including three chapters:

Chapter I: Literature Review Providing an overview oftranslation, terminology, and human resource management terms

Chapter II: Translation of human resource management termsfrom English into Vietnamese

Chapter III: Suggestions for translating human resourcemanagement terms

Part C: Conclusion

PART B: DEVELOPMENT Chapter I: Literature review

1 Related researches to human resource management terms

In graduated paper by Le Thi Thu Hong, formal student at Ha NoiOpen University faculty of English and modern language, she haspointed out the definition of terminology, as well as, terms and thedifferences between them She has also gave the translation part ofspeech and figure of speech of banking terms from English intoVietnamese and the difficulties when translating this kind of terms.Moreover, some suggestions to deal with difficult in translation are veryuseful and practical for student to translate terminology from Englishinto Vietnamese However, there are still some restrictions in her studyas:

Giving a few banking terms examples

Has not yet classified banking term according to its function

Does not point out the previous mistake translations

of banking terms, the suggested solutions for them as well

In book “Cách dùng từ ngữ & thuật ngữ kinh tế thương mại Việt –Anh” (Nguyễn Trùng Khánh, 2004), the author brought out Vietnamese– English sentence pattern used as illustrations for the methods to

employ words, word phrases and terminology in specialities such as:business management, foreign trade, economic financial andaccountancy This book is useful for businessman who want to learn theterminology of specialities in very short time to integrate to businessenvironment.

Author Đỗ Hữu Vinh in his book “Từ Điển Thuật Ngữ Kinh TếThương Mại Anh - Việt” (2009- Nxb Giao Thông Vận Tải) compiled thelist of 500 new dictionary entries, phrases, words, and specialize terms.The contents of the dictionary include: terms of foreign trade, maritime,insurance, finance, banking, stock market It is design to improve thequality of teaching and learning business English for students ofeconomics as well as thousands of offers for foreign trade officials, theoperation business activities and readers interested in this field It isuseful search too

2 Overview of translation

2.1: Definition of translation

Translation is the communication of the meaning of a source language text by means of an equivalent target – language text The text that is translated is called the source text, and the language that is

translated into is called the target language

Translation began only after the appearance of written literature;there exist partial translations of the Sumerian Epic of Gilgamesh (ca

2000 BCE) into Southwest Asian languages of the second millenniumBCE.

Translators always risk inappropriate spill-over of language idiom and usage into the target-language translation On theother hand, spill-overs have imported useful source-language calques

source-and loanwords that have enriched the target languages Indeed,translators have helped substantially to shape the languages into whichthey have translated

Due to the demands of business documentation consequent to the

Industrial Revolution that began in the mid-18th century, sometranslation specialties have become formalized, with dedicated schoolsand professional associations

Because of the laboriousness of translation, since the 1940sengineers have sought to automate translation (machine translation) or tomechanically aid the human translator (computer-assisted translation).The rise of the Internet has fostered a world-wide market for translationservices and has facilitated language

There are many way for the definition of translation I can seehundred of ways to definite translation differently Following, I wouldlike to express some ways from some materials:

_ “translation is the action of interpretation of the meaning of atext, and subsequent production of an equivalent text, also called atranslation, that communicates the same message in another language”

_ “Translation is a process based on the theory that it is possible toabstract the meaning of a text from its forms and reproduce that meaningthe very different forms of a second language”.

_ “Translation is the expression in another language (targetlanguage) of what have been expressed in another (source language),preserving semantic and stylistic equivalences (Dubois 1973, cited inBell 1001, p5)

_ “Translation is the transformation of a text originally in onelanguage in to an equivalent text in a different language retaining, as far

as possible, the context of the message and the formal features and theroles of the original text” ( Bell- 1991.XIII) (HVV:2000, p5)”

_ “Translation is a rewriting of an original text, all rewriting,whatever their intention, reflect a certain ideology and a poetics as suchmanipulate literature to function in a given society in a given way”

_ “Translation is a replacement of a representation of a text in onelanguage by a representation of an equivalence text in a secondlanguage” (Roger T Bell)

As a whole, translation is basically a change of form from source

to target language Only the form changes The form from which thetranslation is made will be called the source language and the form in towhich it is to be changed will be called the receptor language

Translation, therefore, consists of study the lexicon, grammaticalstructure, culture context and the communication circumstance of the

source language text, analyzing it in order to determine its meaning, andthe reconstructing the most accurate meaning using the lexicon andgrammatical structure which are appropriate in the receptor language andits cultural context

The ideal translation should be…

 Accurate: reproducing as exactly as possible the meaning ofthe source text

 Natural: using natural forms of the receptor language in away that is appropriate to the kind of text being translated

 Communicative: expressing all aspects of the meaning in away that is readily understandable to the intended audience

(according to Larson l998, p 3)

2.2History of translation

Translation has played a role throughout history any time therehas been an intersection of two cultures and languages And each timeone culture has produced a written text, translators serve as the bridgethat allows literate members of one culture to be exposed to the writtenmaterial the other has produced

Perhaps the best documented example of translation history is that

of the Bible, but the work of scholars and great thinkers from all over theworld has also been translated These translations have permitted thecross-germination and exposure to ideas and values that have thenspread across the world because of their availability in other languages

There are three general types of translation: literary, technical, andcommercial Most translation history that goes back centuries focuses onthe former, literary translation, because of the need to transmit ideas andvalues from one language to another The Translator’s Invisibility: AHistory of Translation by Lawrence Venutis is a seminal work tracingthe translation of literary texts into English and how those translationsshape translation theory and thought across cultures.

The translation of literary texts is a field unto itself, and thelayperson benefits from this because it allows access to great writtenworks written in another language As Venutis says in his book: “I seetranslation as the attempt to produce a text so transparent that it does notseem to be translated.” The reader benefits from skilled translations thatstay true to the style and content of a text written in the source languageand rendered into his own without the need to understand the sourcelanguage

The history of machine translation may be more critical to themodern person because of its use as an aid to transmitting information asopposed to ideas and art Technical and commercial translations can berendered more quickly and with greater continuity when machinetranslation tools are utilized Wikipedia gives a brief overview of thehistory of machine translation, beginning with its origins in theseventeenth century

Because of skilled translators and their ability to bridge two

languages, we have access to texts as varied as the richly detailed novels

of Isabel Allende, scholarly articles, instruction manuals, and pamphlets for non-native English speakers about health resources Each of these examples are made possible because of the craft of translation whose history dates back to the first intersection of two cultures with written texts.

3 Overview of terminology

3.1 Definitions

3.1.1 Definition of terminology

Terminology is the study of terms and their use Terms are words

and compound words that are used in specific contexts Not to beconfused with "terms" in colloquial usages, the shortened form of

technical terms (or terms of art) which are defined within a discipline orspeciality field The discipline Terminology studies among other thingshow such terms of art come to be and their interrelationships within aculture

Terminology therefore denotes a more formal discipline whichsystematically studies the labeling or designating of concepts particular

to one or more subject fields or domains of human activity, throughresearch and analysis of terms in context, for the purpose ofdocumenting and promoting correct usage This study can be limited toone language or can cover more than one language at the same time(multilingual terminology, bilingual terminology, and so forth) or mayfocus on studies of terms across fields

Terminology is not connected to information retrieval in any waybut focused on the meaning and conveyance of concepts "Terms" used

in an information retrieval context are not the same as "terms" used inthe context of terminology, as they are not always technical terms of art

Terminology is an independent journal with a cross-cultural and

cross-disciplinary scope It focuses on the discussion of (systematic)solutions not only of language problems encountered in translation, butalso, for example, of (monolingual) problems of ambiguity, referenceand developments in multidisciplinary communication Particularattention will be given to new and developing subject areas such asknowledge representation and transfer, information technology tools,expert systems and terminological databases Terminology encompassesterminology both in general (theory and practice) and in specializedfields, such as physics; biomedical sciences; technology; engineering;humanities; management; law; arts; business administration; trade;corporate identity; economics; methodology; and any other area in whichterminology is essential to improve communication

Terminology constitutes the greatest part of every languagevocabulary It is also the most intensely developing part, that is, the classgiving the largest number of new formations Terminology of a languageconsists of many systems of terms We shall call a term any word orword – group used to name a notion characteristic of some special fields

of knowledge, industry or culture

3.1.2 Definition of terms

There are some ways to definite terms:

“Terms is a noun or compound word used in specific contextmeaning” (wikipedia)

“Terms is mostly and predominantly used in special works dealingwith the notions of some braches of science” – according to the lecture

on lexicology by Dang Tran Cuong (2001:40)

“It is called terms when a word (or a collection of words)designate a single concept in this way” (Arnold, 1994:101)

Terms are used like neutral words in some aspects such as

“lexicology, morpheme, physics, opera Medicare, radio, newspapers,and television” We can see that many terms are familiar to the publicsince they have become words of general usage They may be usedfiguratively: atmosphere, camp In addition to this, a number of termsare borrowed from slang: “Know – how, rake – off” They are alsocoined from available material with the help of affixation, compoundingconversion…

3.1.3 Human resource management terms

Human resource management terms are the words, compoundwords or abbreviation referring to business management used inmanaging human resource This universal language describes theequipments, tools, procedures used in treating and managing humanresource within and outside of an organization, an enterprise It helps

managers effectively operating and regulating people with termssystematized due to every task such as: recruiting employees, training,job analysis, motivating people, etc…

The function of human resource management is growingimportance these days as with the growing competition and businessesgoing global; employees and workers of an organization are treated asassets to it which is capable of bringing core competency The peopleworking in an organization helps the organization achieve its goals andobjectives and hence are the

CHAPTER II POSSIBLE DIFICULTIES IN TRANSLATION HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

TERMS AND SOME SUGGESTIONS

1 Possible difficulties in translation human resource management terms

1.1 Difficulty in finding equivalence in target language(TL)

The first step in the process of translating a source language text is

to find suitable equivalents in the target language The term 'equivalence'

is actually a key term in translation and it has been defined variously bydifferent scholars Any 'good' or 'accurate' translation presupposes an'exact' or 'correct' equivalence being rendered at linguistic, extralinguistic and paralinguistic levels in the target language However,when translating terminology in general, and business managementterms in particular, we, sometimes, find it difficult to get theequivalence Especially, in case of translating metaphor and slang used

in human resource management terms, it is problem that we have to dealwith many aspects: culture, business environment, technical language…

Metaphor in SL (source language) is, by definition, a semanticnovelty, it can clearly have no existing “equivalence” in TL (targetlanguage) Sylfest Lomheim writes in his book “Omsetjingsteori” that

“striking metaphors in SL can only be translated equivalently using asstriking metaphors in TL (1995:132) Therefore, the translator, when

translating, have to chose the most equivalent implicity based onknowledge about all the aspect involved in SL to transfer meaning to TL

For example: term: Vestibule training: đào tạo ngoại tuyến

Vestibule in literal sense is a room or place used for public

where people have many marginal activities that completelydiffers from the bureau where people stay at work Why people donot chose other images like: park, cinema, zoo…instead of

vestibule It is due to the cultural aspect, or technical language

aspect may be

The differences of culture, habit, environment in organization or

in group also add the difficulties to get the equivalence in translatingslang in human resource management terms

The problem with translating slang, be it tech-related or otherwise,

is that if the word is fresh enough, there is unlikely to be any reliable

go-to guide for translago-tors go-to turn go-to In some cases, the translago-tor may notknow the meaning of the word himself and will have to do some culturalresearch just to figure out what it means in the original source language

According to Article by Eric W Vogt: slang, the most difficult totranslate, lies alongside parody, satire and burlesque The reasoning wasthat they share a similar flavor and occupy a similar niche in a society,but their modus operandi are different in terms of vocabulary and style.Slang tends to be opaque and resist translation it best understood byinsiders and thus it looks inward as if to protect the member of alanguage group from snooping ears Parody and satire are viewed as a

means by which a society reveals its underbelly to itself andpotentially to outsiders.

1.2 Practical experience and knowledge limitation

Translation is complicated process, so having a basic knowledge

of linguistic is not enough to make an accurate translation Especially,translation terminology is considered a science on linguistic, therefore, itrequires translator a large knowledge and practical experience in thesector needs to be translated It will take a lot of time for translators wholack of knowledge and experience in certain field to translate itsterminology They will have to carry out a research specifically the fieldbefore starting to translate

To understand documents, articles, or books of human resourcemanagement terms, translators must learn its terminology by looking uptheir meanings and conceptions through glossaries, but there are manyexplanation not given That is really a problem if translator do not have aexperience on the field they chose

Practical experience and knowledge limitation are also the mainproblem of untranslatable problems occurred in translating metaphor andslang terms which is the most difficult task for translator, especially forstudent

For illustration:

Work/Life Employee Benefits: Work/Life benefits are

"non-traditional" employee benefits that assist employees in managing their

lives Employers purchase these services from vendors and they areoffered to employees as benefits These services can make the difference

in attracting and retaining employees Common life managementbenefits include: child and elder care referral services, employeeassistance program (EAP), concierge, legal assistance, and emergencyback-up childcare

Social Media: Internet sites and services that allows users to

generate and exchange content and interact with each other in a variety

of ways Forums, pod casts, book marking, blogs and social networkingsites are types of social media These types of interaction can be used forcollaboration, communication and entertainment HR professionals usesocial media to source candidates and create peer networks

It is definitely sure that just only translator who has experienced inhuman resource management have enough knowledge to translate theseabove terms How can they transfer information of the explanationaccurately to help readers understand the author’s in tension Practicalexperience and knowledge are needed in this case

1.3 Psychology of translator

Translator’s psychology has considerably influenced on theefficiency of translation version Evidently, some translators will be inideological impasse in dealing with difficulties if they are unstable, lazy

or unstudious, especially facing with specialized word translation(terminology translation), translators are required not only knowledgebut also positive psychology It also requires translators a lot of time and

effort to study on the field involve in translation before makingtranslation The more difficult the translation is, the more pressures onpsychology translators get.

Some translators seem to be afraid of difficulties, moreover, notvery often they can translate a specialized text and transfer the meaning

of its terminology, which is so complicated and hard to remember, in agood way As a result, they have fail to make the clear transfer, evenuntranslatability

For instance:

Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA):luật tiêu chuẩn công

bằng lao động is a federal statute of the United States The FLSAestablished a national minimum wage, guaranteed 'time-and-a-half' for overtime in certain jobs, and prohibited most employment

of minors in "oppressive child labor," a term that is defined in thestatute It applies to employees engaged in interstate commerce oremployed by an enterprise engaged in commerce or in theproduction of goods for commerce, unless the employer can claim

an exemption from coverage Wages required by FLSA are due onthe regular payday for the pay period covered Deductions madefrom wages for such items as cash or merchandise shortages,employer-required uniforms, and tools of the trade, are not legal tothe extent that they reduce the wages of employees below theminimum rate required by FLSA or reduce the amount ofovertime pay due under FLSA

To making the most accurate translation of HRM (human resourcemanagement) terminology Translators must understand essence of thiskind of terminology that requires translators a positive condition ofpsychology However, some of those tend to ignore or cast a cursoryglance at it.

Summary:

Some suggested problems above have influenced on translationhuman resource management terms at the different rates They make abarrier for translator, especially students to make a clear and mostequivalent translation The difficulty is also that some students areunable to overcome the problems

2 Some suggestions to translate human resource

transfer exactly the meaning from the SL to TL To have a good version

of translating human resource management terminology translators have

to join enterprise environment as a position of both employee andemployer to understand the structure, manner, business culture as well Itlikes an experiment carried out by scientists that need to have thepractical result to confirm the previous theory

Possessing a practical experience in business management,translators can also understand the language of business group of peoplethat help they deal with the most difficult type of translation humanresource management terms, it is translation of metaphor and slangterms

For example:

SITCOMS : this is a slang term denote the circumstance

that yuppies turn into when they have children and one of themstops working to stay home with the kids For illustration: "SingleIncome, Two Children, Oppressive Mortgage"

 suggested translation: lương đèo bòng

Gray Matter – this slang terms denotes the older,

experienced business people hired by young entrepreneurial firmstrying to appear more professional and established

 suggested translation: cựu doanh nhân

It is necessary for either translators or students to have practicalexperience in order to deal with the difficulty in finding equivalence in

target language Therefore, It enable students (translators) to make atranslation quickly and accurately.

2.2 Using associated tools

Students often use glossaries as study tools, because they quicklycover a wide range of concepts with clear, concise definitions In atextbook with a glossary which accompanies each chapter, it can help toread the glossary first to get a basic review of the concepts which will becovered, and then to read the chapter with the glossary fresh in the mind

A glossary can also be used as a building block for flashcards, as ithighlights concepts which may turn up on a final

A glossary can also be a useful tool for someone exploringsomething new, whether it be computers or economics For example,someone who is not very familiar with the Human resource managementcould benefit from reading a glossary which covers basic terms andissues Glossaries are also an important part of software manuals, as theyprovide clear, in-context definitions for the material which is beingcovered Since words sometimes have multiple meanings in the English

language, such a glossary can be extremely useful because it willeliminate confusion.

Human resources glossaries emphasize human resources-relatedterminology Each glossary emphasizes a human resources related topicincluding development, labor relations, benefits, and more

For example: you are looking for the definition of terms:

Cafeteria Plan You turn to the page with the initial letter: C, then

looking up in glossary you will get the definition of this terms It is veryclear that you completely translate into Vietnamese:

Cafeteria Plan: A plan in which an employer offers employees a

variety of different benefits The employee is able to choose whichbenefits would fit their individual needs Examples of benefits offered inthe cafeteria include group-term life insurance, dental insurance,disability and accident insurance, and reimbursement of healthcareexpenses

 suggested translation: kế hoạch đãi ngộ ưu đãi

Another example:

ERISA (Employment Retirement Income Security Act): A

federal law that governs pension and welfare employee benefit plans.ERISA requires plans to provide participants with plan informationincluding plan features and funding It also requires that plans providefiduciary responsibilities for those who manage and control assets It

gives participants the right to sue for benefits and breaches of fiduciaryduty.

suggested translation : luật bảo đảm lương hưu cho người lao

động

2.2.2 Using internet

The use of the Internet offers a variety of benefits to everyonewho is willing to use it The enormous amount of information availableand the many uses one can have through the internet have made it themost valuable tool in various settings of a person’s life Nowadays, thereare many websites have applied translation application, for example:google translate, yahoo, VDict…these sites offer online machinetranslation that you can translate not only a word/ phrase, but also thewhole paragraph, or even an essay Though these translation applicationmake only word by word translation, they are useful references fortranslator

We also use internet for searching whatever involved translationtranslators need such as: dictionary, culture, glossary, human resourcemanagement up date information… searching on internet also helpstranslators to reduce time to get information The Goolge enablestranslators to reduce SL interferences by checking the frequency ofcollocations and facilitate the choice of equivalence found in adictionary

Furthermore, internet enables people contact to each other overthe world, so translator can make friend with remote one to understand

their culture, lifestyle language that is really useful for translationprocess

2.2.3 Using translation software

Thanks to the develop of internet technology, software application

as well Nowadays, there are many software applied in translationprocess effectively to help translator get easier in translation Somesuggested software translation below may be useful for student totranslate terminology in general, human resource managementterminology in particular

AnyLexic – terminology management software with the list ofterminology helps translators to produce high quality and consistencetranslation It could take any glossary and make it easy-to-use, its design

is based on AIT Terminology Management Engine, which has been timeproven and tested by hundreds of translators who have used the previousproduct in this AnyLexic will show you glossaries and dictionaries

in convenient way and will simplify process of search for the termsStandardization is impossible without proper use of terminology

TermWiki comes with a set of useful features that apply toprofessional translators, online translation communities and localizationprofessionals The tool comes with a TermWiki Toolbar, which enablesyou to look up terms and translations regardless of where you are on theweb CSOFT is also planning to release in the near future a PersonalGlossary module which will allow users to develop and maintain theirown glossaries separate from the master term base

Chapter III Translation of Human resource management terms from English into

Vietnamese

1 Some figures of speech in translation of

human resource management terms.

1.1 Synonymy in translation human resource management terms.

According to Hjorland(2007): “Synonymy is a kind of semantic

relation Two words (or phrases) are synonyms when they have the samemeaning (Terms with subtle differences between meanings are termed near-synonyms)”

For instance:

The two terms : human resource and manpower are

synonyms They are both translated into Vietnamese: nguồn nhân lực

Some others examples of synonym terms and their suggested translation:

Award/reward/ bonus  thưởng

Job / work  công việc

Labor conditions/ conditions of work  Điều kiện làm việc Reference and background check/ Background investigation 

Điều tra lý lịch

Person-hours/man-hours  Giờ công lao động của một người Oral agreement / Verbal contract  Hợp đồng giao kết bằng

miệng

The third shift/ Graveyard shift  Làm việc ca 3

Blue-collar worker / Manual worker Lao động chân tay Unskilled worker / labour  Lao động phổ thông

Leave/Leave of absence  Nghỉ phép

Trainee / apprentice  Người học nghề

Trade-union /Labour-union movement  Phong trào công

đoàn

Board interview / Panel interview  Phỏng vấn hội đồng The Unstructured/ Nonderective/Unpatterned interview

 Phỏng vấn không theo mẫu

Safety working clothing /on-the-job protection clothing

 Quần áo bảo hộ lao động

Employment interview/ In-depth interview  Phỏng vấn sâu Preliminary interview/Initianscreening interview  Phỏng vấn

sơ bộ

Pay lader/Pay scale  Thang lương

1.2 Metaphor in translation human resource management terms

Metaphor is a figure of speech in which an implied comparison

is made between two unlike things that actually have something in common A metaphor expresses the unfamiliar in terms of the familiar

Metaphor is also used generally in business management,

particularly in human resource management

For example:

Self- employed workers  Công nhân làm nghề tự do

“Self employed” that implies the people who work by themselves,

rely on and get controlled by nobody Briefly, they are free worker

On the job training  Đào tạo tại chỗ

“On the job” refers to some duties that are carried out at the same

time with the recent job

Vestibule training  Đào tạo ngoại tuyến

“Vestibule” implies a room or a place for reception but not for

production, so “vestibule training” could be understand that is the

implemented training out side of company

In-basket training  Đào tạo xử lý công văn giấy tờ

“In- basket” implies documents which are normally in any office

Blue-collar worker  Lao động chân tay

“Blue collar” refers to workers who manually take part in

production process

One-on-one interview  Phỏng vấn trực tiếp

“One on one” here could be comprehended the two people only in

an interview between employer and employee

Employment interview  Phỏng vấn sâu

“Employment” implies the details of job need to be interviewed

Day care center  Trung tâm chăm sóc trẻ em khi cha mẹ làm

việc

“Day care” implies the service of looking after children at office hours

1.3 Slang in translating human resource management terms.

Slang is casual spoken language which differs from dialecticalspeech and jargon as well as formal speech Some linguists think ofslang as the sprinkles of color in a language, since slang is often unique,unusual, and sometimes startling As a general rule, slang is not used informal spoken language, or in writing, unless the speaker is attempting

to achieve a deliberate effect

Often, slang begins as group-specific argot, which is related tojargon Unlike jargon, however, argot is not a collection of technicalterms which are used within a group with limited outside understanding.Instead, argot is used to differentiate members of a group from others,and to foster a sense of collective belonging in the group In addition, itcan provide a way to talk about questionable or illegal activity without