Unit 5 INVENTIONS KEY LANGUAGE FOCUS Phonetics Stress patterns compound nouns and noun groups ''''Greenhouse, light ''''house, ''''answering machine Grammar Gerunds and infinitives You can use a backup to retr[.]
Trang 1Unit 5 INVENTIONS - KEY
LANGUAGE FOCUS Phonetics
Stress patterns: compound nouns and noun groups:
'Greenhouse, light 'house, 'answering machine
Grammar
- Gerunds and infinitives
You can use a backup to retrieve your data in the event malfunction
Blankets are needed for keeping warm since heating is no use
- The present perfect
He has left three messages on my answering machine but I'm not home, so please tell him to call me at
my grandparents' house
Vocabulary
Words and phrases related to inventions
economical, patent
I Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions
1 A economical B laptop C collapse D obvious
Phát âm là /ə/, các từ còn lại đều có hai cách phát âm là /ɒ/ hoặc /ɑ:/
2 A interested B processed C compounded D extended
Phát âm là /t/, các từ còn lại phát âm là /id/
3 A Velcro B consume C telephone D composer
Phát âm là /ə/, các từ còn lại phát âm là /ou/
4 A invention B patent C portable D imitate
Phát âm là /ʃ/, các từ còn lại phát âm là /t/
5 A principles B headphones C earbuds D contests
Phát âm là /s/, các từ còn lại phát âm là /z/
II Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of primary stress in each of the following questions
Trọng âm vào âm tiết thứ 2, các từ còn lại vào âm tiết thứ nhất
2 A portable B submarine C principle D imitate
Trọng âm vào âm tiết thứ 3, các từ còn lại vào âm tiết thứ nhất
3 A automatic B accidential C discovery D innovation
Trọng âm vào âm tiết thứ 2, các từ còn lại vào âm tiết thứ 3
4 A innovative B development C original D experiment
Trọng âm vào âm tiết thứ nhất, các từ còn lại vào âm tiết thứ 2
5 A popularity B manufacturer C technological D imagination
Trọng âm vào âm tiết thứ 4, các từ còn lại vào âm tiết thứ 3
III Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following sentences
1 Joseph Priestley was 18th-century clergyman and scientist fascinated by chemistry, electricity, optics and
many other subjects
D
an: mạo từ không xác định giới thiệu danh từ
Trang 22 The first fully operational telegraph ran from 1839 between Paddington and West Drayton railway station in
London, but at first it was slow to catch on
stations: hai nhà ga (số nhiều)
3 Carbon fibre is one of many inventions developed by military that are incredibly useful for us all
the military: luôn xác định
4 After the invention of the electric motor - which transforms rotation into electrical power - the next step was
to find a device to drive it
is: hợp thời
5 Invention of penicillin is credited to Scottish scientist Alexander Fleming in 1928, when he discovered that
certain mold could kill bacterias
bacteria (số nhiều của bacterium)
IV Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following sentences
1 In 1886 in the United States, a pharmacist named Dr John Pemberton tried to invent a medicine because he wanted a cure for
A headache B headaches C a headache D the headaches
Những chứng/ căn bệnh đau đầu (nghĩa khái quát)
2 Both inventors and engineers look for ways to improve things in areas like health, food, safety, transportation, aerospace, electronics, , and the environment
A communication B communicative C communicator D communicating
Danh từ phù hợp với nhóm được liệt kê về nghĩa tập hợp
3 The European Patent Convention, which was implemented in 1977, created a European Patent Office that can issue European patent
Mạo từ không xác định đứng trước phụ âm /j/
4 The first American the propelling of a boat by steam was William Henry, a gunsmith of Lancaster, Pennsylvania
A attempt B to attempt C attempting D attempted
Động từ nguyên thể làm bổ tố cho danh từ có tính từ chỉ thứ tự đi kèm
5 with the internet, which is a system of linked computer networks, the worldwide web was invented by British computer scientist Tim Berners-Lee
A Not to confuse B Not to be confused C To be not confused D Confused not to be
Động từ nguyên thể (phủ định) làm chức năng trạng ngữ chỉ mục đích
6 The carbon dioxide gas given by the fermenting vat was known as "fixed air"
give off: thải ra
7 In 1772, Priestley published description of how to make carbonated water, using sulphuric acid and chalk
Mạo từ không xác định giới thiệu danh từ
8 Priestley found he could dissolve the gas in the water and that it a refreshing drink - of a kind that met the approval of his clean-living, religious-minded friends
Trang 3Hợp thời, hợp thể
9 was Giovanni Luppis, an officer in the army of the Austrian empire, who first came up with the idea of
a self-propelled anti-ship weapon
Câu nhấn mạnh (câu chẻ)
10 The bicycle as we know it today was originally developed as the "safety bicycle", because other bikes were extremely dangerous
A at the time B at a time C for a time D for the time
Trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian
11 Charles Macintosh, an amateur chemist, was experimenting with coal-tar naphtha, a chemical waste product, and realized that it was a powerful solvent that a solution from rubber
A will make B would made C can make D could make
Thời quá khứ đơn
12 The invention of the telephone the beginning of a new era in communication technology
Thời quá khứ đơn
13 It is the classical Athenians who can probably lay claim the invention of commercial advertising as we know it today
lay claim to : tuyên bố chủ quyền đối với
14 Ever the invention of the hydrogen bomb, attempts have been made to harness the power of nuclear fusion for peaceful purposes
Giới từ tạo trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian đối với thời hoàn thành
15 The late 1800s and early 1900s excitement over a wide array of inventions and developments
A brought B have brought C used to bring D would bring
Thời quá khứ đơn
16 The invention of printing on paper provided a technology which information could be stored over the long term
provide smb/smth with
17 In the late 1970s, James Dyson designed a bagless vacuum cleaner which would not lose suction as it
up dirt
A picks B picked C is picking D was picking
Thời quá khứ đơn
18 Since it was invented, the Dyson vacuum cleaner one of the most popular brands in the UK
A becomes B have become C has become D became
Thời hoàn thành nhấn mạnh vào kết quả
19 Throughout History Inventions the world and the lives of people many times through history
A change B have changed C will change D had changed
Thời hoàn thành nhấn mạnh vào kết quả
20 Vinton G Cerf founded the InterNetworking Group in 1972 and this the birth-year of the Internet
A has been since recognized as B has been recognized since as
C has since been recognized as D has since been as recognized
Thời hoàn thành và thể bị động
21 The earliest computers were developed during World War II for processing ballistic numbers and numeric analytics, but the thought of having machines difficult mathematics can be traced back to England in the years around 1800
Trang 4A calculate B calculating C calculated D to calculate
have smb/smth do smth
22 Some inventions make bigger impact on the public than , and some inventions quickly become part of everyday life
A another B other C the other D others
đại từ thay thế số nhiều
23 Chemical engineer, Doctor Robert G Bryant works for NASA's Langley Research Center and
numerous inventions
A patents B has patented C is patented D has been patented
Thời hoàn thành nhấn mạnh vào kết quả
24 A patent invention is protected by law only particular people or companies have the right to make or sell it
A in order for B in order to C so that D such that
Liên từ chỉ điều kiện kết quả
25 Ever since the first prehistoric stone tools, have lived in a world shaped by invention
Danh từ chỉ con người nói chung
26 In the course of why suction pumps would lift water only about 9 metres, Evangelista Torricelli identified air pressure and invented the barometer
A investigate B investigation C investigating D investigated
Danh động từ làm bổ tố cho danh từ
27 The key inventive success often requires being in the right place at the right time
the key to: bí quyết dẫn tới
28 An invention developed one purpose will sometimes find use in entirely different circumstances
for purpose: vì mục đích
29 A: "What do you think is the invention that has changed the world?"
B: “ ”
A You see Everything can be changed B I think, the light bulb by Edison
C None of such things should be considered D The world must be changing fast
Đáp lại câu hỏi về phát minh nào là phát minh làm thay đổi thế giới
30 A: "The Internet is the greatest invention of all time, isn't it?"
B: “ ”
A I don't think so, many other inventions have really changed our life
B Yes, the Internet helps us buy things we need online
C Sure, the number of netizens is growing larger and larger every day
D Actually, I don't use the Internet much for my business
Đáp lại câu hỏi rằng internet có phải là phát minh lớn nhất mọi thời đại không
V Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s)
in each of the following sentences
1 It was not until 1959, twenty-one years after Carlson invented xerography, that the first convenient office copier using xerography was unveiled
còn bị che đậy/giấu >< đã biết
2 The first American to propel a boat by steam successfully was John Fitch Fitch was a frequent visitor at the home of Henry, and probably got the idea of building a steamboat from him
Trang 5lái đi >< dừng lại
3 It's hard to credit just one person with the invention of television, but it's indisputable that John Logie Baird was the first to transmit moving pictures
A without doubt B questionable C always true D permanent truth
chắc chắn><còn nghi ngờ
4 Inventor, a person who brings ideas or objects together in a novel way to create an invention, something that did not exist before
A practical B interesting C traditional D unusual
khác thường >< bình thường
5 As industry and commerce have become increasingly global in character, pressure has increased to harmonize patent systems
A balance B standardize C popularize D develop
thống nhất >< tách bạch
VI Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the
following sentences
1 Inventors are skilled at spotting ways to improve a situation or process
A Inventors are keen on spotting ways to improve a situation or process
B Inventors are practical in spotting ways to improve a situation or process
C Inventors are well-known for spotting ways to improve a situation or process
D Inventors are professionally trained to spot ways to improve a situation or process
Viết lại câu sử dụng cụm từ đồng nghĩa
2 Scientists and inventors have made significant contributions to the lives of the common people
A Significant contributions have been made by scientists and inventors to the live of the common
people
B Scientists and inventors had contributed significantly to the lives of the common people
C The lives of the common people have been significantly constructed by scientists and inventors
D The contributions which scientists and inventors made to the lives of the common people was
significant
Viết lại câu sử dụng cấu trúc bị động thay thế cấu trúc chủ động của động ngữ
3 Shockley's book describes the research leading to the invention of the transistor
A Shockley's book is a means of describing the invention of the transistor
B It is the invention of the transistor that is described in Shockley's book
C The research leading to the invention of the transistor is described in Shockley's book
D A description of the research leading to the invention of the transistor makes Shockley's book
Viết lại câu sử dụng cấu trúc bị động thay thế cấu trúc chủ động của động ngữ
4 The more often ideas come together, the more frequently invention occurs
A Whenever more ideas come together, it comes to the occurrence of inventions
B The number of inventions that occur increases when a number of ideas come together
C It is only when more ideas come together that inventions occur more frequently
D The frequency of invention occurrence is decided by how often ideas come together
Viết lại câu bằng cách diễn đạt khác
5 Watt spent much time and money in making experiments, but nothing he tried succeeded
A Although Watt spent much time and money in making experiments, nothing he tried succeeded
B Despite his failure after trial and trial, Watt spent much time and money in making experiments
C As Watt spent too much time and money in making experiments, nothing he tried succeeded
D If Watt hadn't spent much time and money in making experiments, anything he tried would have succeeded
Viết lại câu bằng cách đổi liên từ but → although
Trang 6VII Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences given
1 Engineering is a process for developing solutions to problems Inventing is a process for creating things that didn't exist before
A The difference between Engineering and Inventing lies in the process they are conducted
B Engineering finds solutions to problem, while inventing creates things not ever existing
C Engineering focuses on developing solutions to problems, but inventing centers on creating new things
D The result of engineering is the development of solutions to problems, but that of inventing is the creation of new things
Kết hợp câu sử dụng liên từ “but” tạo câu ghép
2 Inventors' and engineers' initial ideas rarely solve a problem Instead, they try different ideas, learn from mistakes, and try again
A Instead of trying to solve a problem, inventors' and engineers' initial ideas are to try different ideas, learn from mistakes, and try again
B Rarely do inventors' and engineers' initial ideas solve a problem rather than try different ideas, learn from mistakes, and try again
C Because inventors' and engineers' initial Ideas rarely solve a problem, they try different ideas, learn from mistakes, and try again
D Even though inventors' and engineers' initial ideas rarely solve a problem, they try different ideas, learn from mistakes, and try again
Kết hợp câu bằng sử dụng cấu trúc nhấn mạnh (yêu cầu đảo ngữ)
3 The story of each invention is interwoven with that of the life of its inventor The lives of inventors furnish materials of the highest educative value
A The story of each invention is interwoven with that of the life of its inventor, whose lives furnish materials of the highest educative value
B The story of each invention is interwoven with that of the life of its inventor, because his/her life furnishes materials of the highest educative value
C The story of each invention is interwoven with materials of the highest educative value furnished by the life of its inventor
D Materials of the highest educative value furnished by the life of the inventor are interwoven with the story of each invention
Kết hợp câu bằng cách sử dụng liên từ because tạo mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ lý do
4 Michael Faraday was employed by the Royal Institution There, he investigated the connections between electricity, magnetism and motion
A Michael Faraday was employed by the Royal Institution, where he investigated the connections between electricity, magnetism and motion
B When Michael Faraday was employed by the Royal Institution, he investigated the connections between electricity, magnetism and motion
C The Royal Institution employed Michael Faraday to investigate the connections between electricity, magnetism and motion
D After he investigated the connections between electricity, magnetism and motion, Michael Faraday was employed by the Royal Institution
Kết hợp câu bằng cách sử dụng trạng từ quan hệ chỉ nơi chốn
5 Dr Percy Spencer invented the microwave oven The invention happened by accident
A Dr Percy Spencer invented the microwave oven as an accident
B The microwave oven was Dr Percy Spencer's accidental invention
C The invention of the microwave oven by Dr Percy Spencer was an accident
D Dr Percy Spencer's invention of the microwave oven was made in an accident
Trang 7Kết hợp câu bằng cách sử dụng từ phái sinh (accident → accidental)
VIII Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks
Cheap and reliable electric lighting was a holy grail for 19th-century inventors But didn't Thomas Edison get there first? No! He was beaten (1) it by Britain's very own Joseph Swan, working out of his (2) lab at his house in Gateshead, Swan got his (3) - and started manufacturing and selling his bulbs - in
1880 He developed a tiny lament that used (4) treated cotton, and set it inside an oxygen-free vacuum (5) it wouldn't catch fire when it glowed white-hot
Swan's first bulbs lasted little more than 12 hours but, unlike gas lamps, there was no name or dirty smoke and they soon (6) on The impresario Richard d'Oyly Carte (7) the opportunity to make his new Savoy Theatre in London stand (8) - and when it opened the following year it was the first public building in the world (9) electrically throughout D'Oyly Carte even took to the (10) himself -
holding a glowing bulb aloft, he ceremoniously broke it in front of the audience to prove it was safe
beat smb to smth: thực hiện trước ai đó
2 A private B privately C privacy D privates
private lab: phòng thí nghiệm của cá nhân
3 A rights B ownership C patent D possession
Hợp nội dung chính
4 A special B specialty C specially D specialist
Trạng từ bổ nghĩa cho phân từ hai
Liên từ chỉ điều kiện, kết quả
Đúng nghĩa, đúng thời và kết hợp từ
7 A provided B passed C offered D seized
Đúng nghĩa, đúng thời và kết hợp từ
stand out: khác biệt
9 A to light B to be lit C to have lit D that lit
Chỉ mục đích, bị động
take to stage: giới thiệu
IX Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions
Try to imagine what life would be like if there were no electric lights, no television, or no cars What if you had no running water to take a shower and no refrigerator to keep your food cold? Life would be tough without these great inventions
Since ancient times, people have been inventing new machines, materials, and ways of doing things The
people who come up with new things are called inventors Sometimes an inventor makes an invention to solve
a problem Sometimes an inventor discovers something new by accident
Everyone probably has his or her favorite inventions One great invention was the printing press A German named Johannes Gutenberg in the 1400s invented a press that made it easy to print books Books became much more common after the invention of the printing press The books helped other inventors make new things
The invention of the steam engine around 1700 led to the Industrial Revolution Inventors made many new machines that were powered by steam engines They invented locomotives, steamboats, and all kinds of factory machines
Trang 8Another great invention, the internal combustion engine, led to the invention of automobiles in the late
1800s Inventors made better and better internal combustion engines These are the engines we use today in
cars, trucks, buses, and airplanes
The discovery of electricity led to many wonderful inventions Many scientists studied electricity An
American inventor named Thomas A Edison invented the electric lamp, phonograph, and other things that ran
on electricity in the late 1800s
New things are invented today faster than ever before Inventors are making new kitchen appliances, toys, computers, video games, telephones, and all kinds of other things
1 The passage mainly
A lists the inventions made since ancient times
B describes how inventors work to invent things
C explains why inventions have been made so far
D talks about some of the most significant inventions
Liệt kê ở trong bài (the printing press; the steam engine; the internal combustion engine;
automobiles:)
2 The phrase "come up with" in the passage almost means
Dựa vào ngữ cảnh (Since ancient times, people have been inventing new machines, materials, and ways of doing things The people who come up with new things are called inventors.)
3 Which of the following is associated with Industrial Revolution?
A the printing press B the discovery of electricity
C the steam engine D the internal combustion engine
Thông tin ở đoạn 4 (The invention of the steam engine around 1700 led to the Industrial
Revolution.)
4 The words "These" in the passage refers to
Hồi chỉ
5 The phrase "ran on" is closest in meaning to
Dựa vào ngữ cảnh (từ khi tìm ra điện thì càng có nhiều phát minh ra đời Một người Mỹ phát minh ra đèn điện, và nhiều thứ khác chạy bằng điện)
X Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions
There are certain inventions and creations that people are aware of every day There are, however, very few creations that we use our whole lives without ever thinking about or even seeing But that is exactly what
the London sewers are Their crcator, Joseph Bazalgette, may be remembered as more of an engineer than an
inventor, but what he developed in London - the largest and most forward-thinking sewage system the world had ever seen - changed life in the city completely
There was a sewage system in place beforehand, but all it did was transfer waste straight into the
Thames It was basically one massive open sewer pipe By all accounts it created a truly awful smell, reaching
its peak during the Great Stink of 1858 Even more worryingly, it caused serious health problems, such as
cholera, because it contaminated the city's drinking supply Something had to be done, and Bazalgette was the
man to do it
His solution was phenomenal: a new waste system that would divert the sewage eastwards away from the river and pump it out to sea By 1865 most of the system was working, the main intercepting sewers used
318 million bricks and measured over 80 miles in length To do all that work above ground would have been
Trang 9one thing, but to create it underground was something else altogether The intricate maze of sewer pipes more
than 100 years old was just unbelievable And the most amazing thing is that it still functions today
The reason is that when Bazalgette designed the tunnels, he estimated how much the population of London would increase in the next 100 years and worked out how large the tunnels would need to be to meet the
needs of the future and keep the system flowing, which is why the sewers are still in working order today, and
why in our eyes it should be seen as a huge inventing achievement
1 Which of the following is the main idea of the passage?
A The efforts to save the dirty Thames
B A creation that has changed Londoners' lives
C The problems of the sewage system in London
D The disadvantages to the invention of Bazalgette
Thông tin từ đoạn 1, đặc biệt câu cuối Joseph Bazalgette, may be remembered as more of an engineer than an inventor, but what he developed in London - the largest and most
forward-thinking sewage system the world had ever seen - changed life in the city completely.)
2 Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 1?
A Bazalgette is more talented as an engineer than an inventor
B Bazalgette's invention receives public awareness
C Bazalgette's invention has few effects on Londoners' lives
D Bazalgette's creation did not receive adequate acknowledgment
Thông tin từ đoạn 1 (There are, however, very few creations that we use our whole lives without ever thinking about or even seeing But that is exactly what the London sewers are.)
3 The word "their" in the passage is closest in meaning to
A creations B lives' C sewers' D inventions'
Hồi chỉ
4 According to paragraph 2, what was the problem with the previous sewage system in London?
A It took a lot of money to maintain B It released all the waste straight into the sea
C It caused bad smells and health problems D It was damaged badly during the Great Stink
Thông tin trong đoạn 2 (By all accounts it created a truly awful smell, reaching its peak during the Great Stink of 1858 Even more worryingly, it caused serious health problems, such as cholera, because it contaminated the city's drinking supply.)
5 The phrase "by all accounts" in the passage is closest in meaning to
A beyond beliefs B according to many C without doubt D by all means
Suy từ ngữ cảnh: (“by all accounts” có nghĩa là theo ý kiến nhiều người, bản thân từ “account" mang nghĩa là “lời giải thích” trong ngữ cảnh này)
6 The word "contaminated” in the passage is closest in meaning to
A polluted B purified C contained D released
Suy từ ngữ cảnh (Even more worryingly, it caused serious health problems, such as cholera,
because it contaminated the city's drinking supply.)
7 The word "intricate" in the passage mostly means
A confusing B complicated C simplified D interesting
Suy từ ngữ cảnh (The intricate maze of sewer pipes more than 100 years old was just
unbelievable.)
8 Why was Bazalgette's invention impressive?
A It took a hundred year to finish B It was 80 miles long
C It requires a lot of materials D It redirected the waste to the sea
Thông tin ở đoạn 3 (His solution was phenomenal: a new waste system that would divert the sewage
eastwards away from the river and pump it out to sea.)
9 The word "which" in the passage refers to Bazalgette's
Trang 10A estimation B tunnels C population D needs
Hồi chỉ (mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định)
10 The system created by Bazalgette can still function these days because
A he used more bricks than necessary B he predicted the situation far in the future
C the system was unbelievably intricate D the system was underground
Thông tin từ đoạn cuối (when Bazalgette designed the tunnels, he estimated how much the population of London would increase in the next 100 years )