8 reported speech . cấu trúc ngữ pháp

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Reported Speech

1

What is Reported Speech?

• “We have a mini-test today,” said Lan

➔ Direct speech

• Lan said (that) we had a mini-test that day

➔ Indirect speech OR reported speech

• A style used to report what a speaker actually

said

• Words changed

• No quotation marks

Notes: Punctuations in Direct Speech

1 “I’ll be off next week,” said Mary

2 “I’ll be off next week,” Mary said

3 “I’ll be off next week,” said she

4 “I’ll be off next week,” she said

5 “Are you okay?,” she asked

6 “Are you okay?” she asked

7 “Are you okay?”, she asked

1 Reported statements

2 Reported questions

3 Reported commands/requests/suggestions

1 Reported Statements

• Usually introduced by SAY or TELL

• THAT is optional

• Personal pronouns and possessive adjectives

changed according to context

• “I like your car,” he said to Mary

• Adverbials (of place and time) changed

according to context

• Verb forms changed

Adverbials of time

tonight, today, this

week/month/year that night, that day, that week/month/year

once, immediately

yesterday, last night/

week/month/year the day before, the previous night/week/

month/year tomorrow, next week/

month/year the following day/the day after, the following/

next week/month/year two days/months/years

Certain words

• This => that

• These => those

• Here => there

• Come => go

Verb forms in Reported Speech

• Past Perfect and Past Perfect Progressive: no

change

• Past Simple: changed to Past Perfect or

remaining the same

• Verb forms in time clauses remaining the same

“She came to my house while I was doing

laundry,” he said

➔ He said (that) she had come / came to his

house while he was doing laundry

Verb Forms in Reported Speech

• If the reported sentence is out of date, the verb form

changes

• If the reported sentence is up to date, the verb form

doesn’t change ( still true at the moment of speaking/

writing )

“Rose called this morning,” said Peter (last Sunday)

➔ Peter said (that) Rose had called that morning (7

p.m today)

“Rose called this morning,” said Peter (5 p.m today)

➔ He said (that) she called this morning (7 p.m

today)

Verb Forms Not Changing When …

• Reporting verb is in present or future

• The speaker expresses general truths,

permanent states or conditions

• The reported sentence deals with conditionals

type 2 and 3, wishes or unreal past

• The speaker is reporting something right after

it is said (up to date)

• If the speaker reports something which is

believed to be untrue, the verb forms change

2 Reported Questions

• Introduced with ASK, WONDER, INQUIRE, etc

• Statement word order

• Wh-questions: ask + wh-word

• Yes/No questions: ask + if/whether

“Where did you have lunch?”

she)

“Can we take photos?”

=> Anna wondered if we could take photos (NOT if could

we)

Could you tell me what time it is , please?

3 Reported Commands/Requests/Suggestions

• To report orders, requests, warnings, advice,

and invitations

• Used with infinitives or -Ings

“Watch out,” he said to me ➔ He told me to

watch out

“Let’s play chess,” he said ➔ He suggested

playing chess

Modals change

• can => could

• may => might

• must => had to-Inf, was/were to-Inf

• mustn’t => mustn’t, was/were not to-Inf,

shouldn’t

• must have p.p => must have p.p

• needn’t => had to-Inf, didn’t have to-Inf, wouldn’t have to-Inf

• will => would

1 When I told Peter that the dog has/had eaten my

homework, he didn’t believe me

2 Adam told me that his girlfriend doesn’t/didn’t eat

meal at all

3 When I saw Ed yesterday morning, he told me that

he is/was going to look at a flat in the afternoon

4 Then we watched it, Paul said he has/had never

seen a worse movie in his life

5 Roger told me about the pop quiz He said his team

were/had been doing well in the first few founds,

but that it all went/had all gone wrong with the

round about dance music

6 Did Galileo say that the Earth goes/went round

the sun?

7 Phil told me on Friday that he has/had just

bumped into Wally Deacon!

8 Babs announced to us all last night that she is/

was finally giving up smoking

9 Did you say that you do/did want sugar in your

coffee or not?

10.I told Brian last week that the office isn’t/

wasn’t opening on Tuesday, so I don’t know

why he showed up yesterday morning

1 Bod didn’t tell me that he probably wouldn’t be coming in

today

2 Last week he told us that we don’t have to do that

exercise and then yesterday he said he’d made a

mistake

3 Did you say these bills had to be paid before tomorrow?

4 Steve said he could play the guitar when he was two

years old Do you believe that?

5 Pauline told my mum that she’d had better get a lawyer I

think she’s right

6 When we went to the party, Claudia told me that I must be

on my best behavior all evening It was very typical of her.

7 Darren said Mr Taylor was to have forgotten about the

meeting, but I’m not so sure I think he just didn’t want to

come

8 When I was a teenager, my dad always told me that I’m not to

stay out later than ten o’clock

9 I was pleased when Jilly told us that she can help us paint the

flat If only I’d known then what that meant!

10.When I was at school, my English teacher always told us that

we don’t have to pay attention but we do have to be quiet

11.The letter they sent six months ago said that they shall be in

touch again soon Well, I haven’t heard anything since!

12 Seven years ago, the PM stated that his government will be

corruption-free It doesn’t look that way now, does it?