A THEORY Pronunciation, vocabulary Unit 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 Language function speaking Unit 1, 2, 3, 4,5 Grammar Unit 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 I Modal verbs MODAL VERBS Can 1 Form * S + can + V * S + can''''t +[.]
Trang 1 Pronunciation, vocabulary Unit 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Language function speaking Unit 1, 2, 3, 4,5
Grammar Unit 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
I. Modal verbs
MODAL VERBS Can
1. Form
* S + can + V
* S + can't + V
* Can + S + V ?
2. The use * Ch kh năng ai đó bi t làm gì hi n t i ỉ ả ế ở ệ ạ
Eg : I can swim but I can't sew.
Can you speak English ?
Yes, I can / No, I can't
* Dùng trong l i yêu c u ai làm gì ờ ầ
Eg : Can you get me the pen ?
Yes, certainly / Sorry, I can't
*Dùng trong l i xin phép làm gì ờ
Eg : Can I have some more coffee ? ( Tôi có th xin chút cà phê n a để ữ ược ch ?)ứ
Could
1. Form
* S + Could + V
* S + couldn't + V
* Could + S + V ?
2. The use
*Ch kh năng ai đó bi t làm gì trong quá kh ỉ ả ế ứ
Eg : I could swim when I was 10.
* Dùng trong l i yêu c u l ch s ờ ầ ị ự
Eg : Could you tell me the way to the bank please ? ( Nh ông ch giúp đờ ỉ ường t i ngân hàng)ớ
* Đ ượ c dùng khi mu n xin phép làm gì ố
Eg : Could I speak to Mr Baker ? (Tôi có th nói chuy n v i ông Baker để ệ ớ ược không ?)
* So sánh gi a could và was/were able to (có th ) ữ ể
Could đ ch kh năng nói chung ể ỉ ả
was / were able to đ ch kh năng ai đó làm m t vi c gì trong m t tình hu ng c th ể ỉ ả ộ ệ ộ ố ụ ể
Eg : He could swim when he was 10.
His house got fire yesterday. Luckily, he was able to get out of it.
( Hôm qua nhà ông y b cháy. R t may là ông ta đã thoát ra đấ ị ấ ược)
Must
1. Form
* S + must + V
* S + mustn't + V
* Must + S + V ?
2. The use * Di n t đi u ch c ch n x y ra hi n t i ễ ả ề ắ ắ ả ở ệ ạ
Eg : He's been walking for two hours. He must be very tired.( Anh ta đã đi b su t 2 ti ng đ ng h Ch c h n anh ta ộ ố ế ồ ồ ắ ẳ
r t m t)ấ ệ
* Di n t m t nghĩa v , đi u c n thi t ph i làm ễ ả ộ ụ ề ầ ế ả
Eg : You must work hard. ( Anh ph i làm vi c chăm)ả ệ
* So sánh gi a ữ must và have to (ph i) ả
Have to có th đ c dùng hi n t i, quá kh ho c t ng lai ể ượ ở ệ ạ ứ ặ ươ
Eg : I have to clean the door now
S GD & ĐT HÀ N I Ở Ộ
Tr ườ ng THPT Phúc Th ọ Đ C Ề ƯƠ MÔN TI NG ANH L P 11 NG ÔN T P H C K 1 Ế Ậ Ọ Ớ Ỳ
Năm h c 2022 2023 ọ
Trang 2 You 'll have to come here early tomorrow
Must không đ c dùng quá kh Dùng ượ ở ứ had to thay must trong quá kh ứ
Eg : You must go to London now / tomorrow.
He had to go to London yesterday
Mustn't do sth : Không đ c phép làm gì ượ
Not have to do sth : Không c n ph i làm gì ầ ả
Eg : You mustn't smoke here. (Các anh không được hút thu c đây)ố ở You don't have to do this. (Anh không c n ph i làm vi c này)ầ ả ệ
May ( Có l )ẽ
1. Form
* S + may + V
* S + mayn't (may not) + V
* May + S + V ?
2. The use * Dùng đ đ a ra ph ng đoán ể ư ỏ
Eg : He may be in his room now. ( Có l anh y đang trong phòng)ẽ ấ ở = Perhaps he is in his room now
Maybe
It's possible that
She may be watching TV now. ( Có l cô y đang xem ti vi)ẽ ấ
= Perhaps she is watching TV now
Maybe
It's possible that
He may go to London tomorrow. ( Ngày mai có th nó s đi London)ể ẽ = Perhaps he will go to London tomorrow
Maybe
* Dùng trong câu xin phép
Eg : May I sit here ?
* Dùng trong l i đ ngh ờ ề ị
Eg : May I do this for you ?
Might
1. Form :
* S + might + V
* S + mightn't (might not) + V
* Might + S + V ?
2. The use Gi ng nh cách s d ng c a ố ư ử ụ ủ May
Should ( Nên)
1. Form
* S + should + V
* S + shouldn't ( should not) + V
* Should + S + V ?
2. The use * Dùng trong l i khuyên ờ
Eg : You should drink milk.
You shouldn't smoke
Ought to = Should
1. Form
* S + ought to + V
* S + oughtn't to + V
* Ought + S + to + V ?
2. The use * Cách dùng gi ng nh ố ư should
Need (C n)ầ
1. Form
* S + need + V
* S + needn't + V
* Need + S + V ?
2. The use
* Di n t đi u c n thi t ph i làm ễ ả ề ầ ế ả
Trang 3Eg : Need I go ? ( Tôi có c n ph i đi không ? )ầ ả
Yes, you must / No, you needn't You needn't go
Notes : Khi need là đ ng t khuy t thi u, nó th ộ ừ ế ế ườ ng đ ượ c dùng v i câu h i và câu ph đ nh ớ ỏ ủ ị
Need có th đ ể ượ c dùng nh đ ng t th ư ộ ừ ườ ng. Sau need là đ ng t nguyên th (toinfinitive) ộ ừ ể
Eg : Do I need to go ?
You don't need to go. She needs to go
* Cách s d ng đ c bi t c a need ử ụ ặ ệ ủ
sth needs doing / to be done ( Cái gì đó c n đầ ược làm)
Eg : Your hair needs cutting / to be cut.
MODALS + PERFECT INFINITIVE
1. Must have done
* Di n t đi u ch c ch n đã x y ra trong quá kh ễ ả ề ắ ắ ả ứ
Eg : There was a big explosion some minutes ago. You must have heard it.
( Cách đây vài phút có ti ng n l n. Ch c h n c u đã nghe th y)ế ổ ớ ắ ẳ ậ ấ
He got a bad mark yesterday. He must have been sad
( Hôm qua anh ta b đi m kém. Ch n ch n là anh ta r t bu n )ị ể ắ ắ ấ ồ
2. Can't/ Couldn't have done
* Di n t đi u ch c ch n đã không th x y ra trong quá kh ễ ả ề ắ ắ ể ả ứ
Eg : Mr Smith was in Paris yesterday. So he can't have stolen your car.
= Surely, he didn't steal your car
Ông Smith Paris hôm qua cho nên ch c ch n ông ta không th l y c p chi c xe c a ông đở ắ ắ ể ấ ắ ế ủ ược
3. May/ Might have done
* Di n t đi u có l đã x y ra trong quá kh ễ ả ề ẽ ả ứ
Eg : I can't find my sunglasses at home. I may have left them at my friend's . = Perhaps, I left them at my friend's .
( Tôi không th tìm th y kính. Có l tôi đã đ quên nhà b n tôi)ể ấ ẽ ể ở ạ
4. May/ Might not have done
* Di n t đi u có l đã không x y ra trong quá kh ễ ả ề ẽ ả ứ
Eg : His wife was not happy this morning. He might not have bought her the dress she loved.
( V ông ta sáng nay không vui. Có l ông ta đã không mua cho bà ta cái váy mà bà y thích)ợ ẽ ấ
= Perhaps, he didn't buy her the dress she loved
5. Should have done = Ought to have done
* Di n t đi u l ra đã nên làm trong quá kh ễ ả ề ẽ ứ
Eg : I didn't go to the cinema last night. The film was very interesting. I should have gone to see it. ( Hôm qua tôi
không đi xem phim. B phim r t hay. L ra tôi nên đi xem thì h n)ộ ấ ẽ ơ
6. Shouldn't have done / Oughtn't to have done
Eg 1 : Why didn't you visit your uncle yesterday ? He wanted to see you. You shouln't have stayed at home. ( T i ạ sao hôm qua c u không đi thăm bác ? Bác y mu n g p c u. L ra c u đã không nên nhà)ậ ấ ố ặ ậ ẽ ậ ở
Eg 2 : Oh, I feel tired.( Tôi c m th y m t)ả ấ ệ
You shouldn't have eaten so much.
( C u l ra đã không nên ăn quá nhi u)ậ ẽ ề
7. Needn't have done
* Di n t đi u l ra đã không c n ph i làm trong quá kh ễ ả ề ẽ ầ ả ứ
Eg : I've bought you a hat. ( Anh mua cho em cái mũ)
Oh, you needn't have done that. My father has just bought one for me. (L ra anh không c n ph i mua. B em đãẽ ầ ả ố mua cho em r i)ồ
II. Linking verbs
Liên đ ng tộ ừ là m t nhóm các đ ng t đ c bi t có ch c năng n i gi a ch ng và v ng tính t Không gi ng các ộ ộ ừ ặ ệ ứ ố ữ ủ ữ ị ữ ừ ố
đ ng t khác, chúng không th hi n hành đ ng. Do v y chúng độ ừ ể ệ ộ ậ ược b nghĩa b i tính t ch không ph i phó t ổ ở ừ ứ ả ừ
Người ta g i chúng là liên t đ ng t ho c đ ng t n i (linking verb). ọ ừ ộ ừ ặ ộ ừ ố
Đó là nh ng đ ng t sau: ữ ộ ừ be, appear, feel, become, seem, look, remain, sound, smell, stay, taste
Ex: Mary feels bad about her test grade
Children become tired quite easily
* Tính ch t:ấ
Không di n đ t hành đ ng mà di n đ t tr ng thái ho c b n ch t s vi c.ễ ạ ộ ễ ạ ạ ặ ả ấ ự ệ
Đ ng sau chúng ph i là tính t ch không ph i là phó t ằ ả ừ ứ ả ừ
Không được chia th ti p di n dù dở ể ế ễ ướ ấ ứ ời b t c th i nào
Trang 4Be, become, remain còn có th đ ng trể ứ ước m t c m danh t ch không ch tính t :ộ ụ ừ ứ ỉ ừ
Ex: They remained sad even though I tried to cheer them up. (adjective)
He remained chairman of the board despite the opposition. (noun)
* Note: M t s đ ng t có c 2 nghĩa: Action verbs và Linking verbs ộ ố ộ ừ ả
Các đ ng t sau s có 2 nghĩa, c d ng action verbs và state verbs. ộ ừ ẽ ở ả ạ V i ý nghĩa là action verb thì đ ng t đó có ớ ộ ừ
th để ược dùng d ng ti p di n.ở ạ ế ễ Tùy t ng trừ ường h p c th chúng ta s s d ng ợ ụ ể ẽ ử ụ ý nghĩa c a nó khác nhau. M tủ ộ
s đ ng t sâu đâyố ộ ừ
have, think, look, smell, taste, weigh, measure
Ex1: These socks smells awful
Sy is smelling his socks
Ex2: This fish tastes delicious
He is tasting his wife’s eel soup
III. Cleft sentences
* Form:
It + is / was + THÀNH PH N ĐẦ ƯỢC NH N M NH + that + THÀNH PH N CÒN L I C A CÂUẤ Ạ Ầ Ạ Ủ
Câu ch đẻ ược dùng đ nh n m nh m t thành ph n c a câu nhể ấ ạ ộ ầ ủ ư ch t , túc t hay tr ng tủ ừ ừ ạ ừ
1. Nh n m nh ch tấ ạ ủ ừ
a. It + is / was + Noun / pronoun (người) + who/that + V + O …
Ex: My brother collected these foreign stamps
→ It was my brother who collected these foreign stamps
b. It + is / was + Noun (v t) + that + V + O …ậ
Ex: Her absence at the party made me sad
→ It was her absence at the party that made me sad
2. Nh n m nh túc tấ ạ ừ
a. It + is / was + Noun / pronoun (người) + who(m)/ that + S + V…
Ex: I met Daisy on the way to school
→ It was Daisy who(m) I met on the way to school
Note: Khi nh n m nh túc t ta có th dùng who thay cho whom nhấ ạ ừ ể ưng khi nh n m nh ch t thấ ạ ủ ừ ì không dùng whom thay cho who
b. It + is / was + Noun (v t) + that + S + V …ậ
Ex: My brother bought an old motorbike from our neighbor
→ It was an old motorbike that my brother bought from our neighbor
3. Nh n m nh tr ng tấ ạ ạ ừ (Adverbial focus)
It + is / was + Adverbial phrase + that + S + V …
Ex1: We first met in December
→ It was in December that we first met
Ex 2: I was born in this village
→ It was in this village that I was born
4. Cleft sentences in passive
a. It + is / was + Noun / pronoun (person) + who/ that + be + P.P…
Ex: Fans gave that singer a lot of flowers
→ It was that singer who was given a lot of flowers.
b. It + is / was + Noun (thing) + that + be + P.P…
Ex1: People talk about this film
→ It is this film that is talked about.
Ex2: Fans gave that singer a lot of flowers
→ It was a lot of flowers that were given to that singer
IV. Toinfinitive after certain adjectives and noun phrases
Noun phrase + TOinfinitive
Some nouns can be followed by a toinfinitive. Many of these nouns have been formed from adjectives or verbs
normally followed by a toinfinitive:
The ability to cooperate with others is as important as managing on our own.
Our decision to close the firm was a difficult one to make.
Trang 5As a result of his failure to pay the mortgage, his house was foreclosed.
She showed no willingness to help.
Nouns followed by the toinfinitive
ability
advice
agreement
ambition
anxiety
appeal
arrangement
attempt
chance
choice
decision
demand
desire
determination
dream
eagerness
failure goal intention motivation need offer opportunity order
permission plan preparation promise proposal recommendation refusal
reluctance
reminder request requirement suggestion tendency way willingness wish
IT + linking verb + noun phrase (+ FOR + somebody) + TOinfinitive
It's a pity (for them) to lose such a good player.
It's a privilege (for me) to be invited to this conference.
It would be a mistake (for you) to hire him.
It's a pleasure (for us) to have you here.
Noun phrase + TOinfinitive to express necessity or possibility
There is a lot of work to do around the farm. (There is a lot of work that we need to do around the farm.)
I have some emails to write. (I have some emails that I have to write.)
She had two more clients to call that afternoon. (She had two more clients that she had to call that afternoon.) Let's get something to eat. (Let's get something that we can eat.)
Adjectives + TOinfinitive
Sometimes the toinfinitive gives a reason for the adjective:
disappointed glad sad happy anxious pleased surprised proud unhappy
We were happy to come to the end of our journey
= We were happy because we had come to the end of our journey
John was surprised to see me
= He was surprised because he saw me
Other adjectives with the toinfinitive are:
Unfortunately I was unable to work for over a week
I am really tired. I’m ready to go to bed
We often use the toinfinitive with these adjectives after it to give opinions:
difficulteasy possible impossible hard right wrong kind nice
It’s easy to play the piano, but it’s very difficult to play well
He spoke so quickly it was impossible to understand him
We use the preposition for to show who these adjectives refer to:
difficulteasy possible impossible hard
It was difficult for us to hear what she was saying
It is easy for you to criticise other people
We use the preposition of with other adjectives:
It’s kind of you to help
It would be silly of him to spend all his money
V The past simple and present perfect
1 The Present Perfect tense:
Cách thành l p:ậ
+ S + have/has+ V3/ed
- S + have/has + not + V3/ed
? Have/Has + S + V3/ed … ?
Cách dùng chính: Thì HTHT dùng đ di n t :ể ễ ả
M t hành đ ng x y ra trong quá kh không xác đ nh rõ th i đi m.ộ ộ ả ứ ị ờ ể
E.g: Have you had breakfast? – No, I haven’t
M t hành đ ng x y ra trong quá kh , còn kéo dài đ n hi n t i. (Đi v i ộ ộ ả ứ ế ệ ạ ớ since ho c ặ for)
E.g: My friend Nam has lived in HCMC since 1998
Trang 6 M t hành đ ng v a m i x y ra ho c x y ra g n so v i hi n t i. (Th ng có: just, recently, lately…) ộ ộ ừ ớ ả ặ ả ầ ớ ệ ạ ườ
E.g: I have just finished my homework.
Trong c u trúc:ấ
Be + the first/second… time + S + have/has + V3/ed
Be + the ss nh t + N + S + have/has + V3/edấ
E.g: This is the first time I have been to Paris.
She is the most honest person I have ever met.
Các tr ng t thạ ừ ường dùng v i thì HTHTớ : just (v a m i), recently/lately (g n đây), ever (đã t ng), never (ch a baoừ ớ ầ ừ ư
gi ), yet (ch a), already (r i), since (t khi – m c th i gian), for (kho ng), so far/until now/up to now/up to the ờ ư ồ ừ ố ờ ả
present (cho đ n bây gi ), several times, for the last ten years.ế ờ
2. The past simple tense
Cách thành l pậ :
S + did + not + V inf + O S + was/were + not + O
Cách dùng chính
Thì quá kh đ n dùng đ di n t hành đ ng x y ra và hoàn t t trong quá kh v i th i gian xác đ nh rõứ ơ ể ễ ả ộ ả ấ ứ ớ ờ ị Các
tr ng t thạ ừ ường được dùng: yesterday, ago, last week/month/year, in the past, in 1990
Hành đ ng xen vào c a thì QKTD: When + S + V( QKĐ), S + V ( QKTD).ộ ủ
Hành đ ng s y ra sau c a m t hành đông khác thì QKHT: ộ ả ủ ộ ở S + V( QKĐ), S + V ( QKHT)
E
x : He was a doctor in this hospital from 1997 to 2005
They finished the work two hours ago
He bought this villa last month
PRESENT PERFECT V.S SIMPLE PAST
* Thì HTHT được dùng đ ch m t quá kh không rõ th i đi m còn liên h v i hi n t i.ể ỉ ộ ứ ờ ể ệ ớ ệ ạ
* Thì QKĐ được dùng đ chi m t quá kh có th i đi m rõ r t c t đ t v i hi n t i.ể ộ ứ ờ ể ệ ắ ứ ớ ệ ạ
+ Chú ý :
(1) Thì Present Perfect th ng đi v i nh ng tr ng t nh ườ ớ ữ ạ ừ ư: up to now, up to the present, so far ( cho t i nay),ớ not … yet (v n ch a), ẫ ư for, since, ever ( đã t ng), ừ never, several times (nhi u l n), ề ầ just ( v a), ừ recently (g n đây),ầ lately (g n đây) ầ
Have you ever seen a tiger ?
The train has not arrived yet.
We have lived here for 6 years.
The bell has just rung.
(2) Thì Simple Past th ng dùng v i nh ng tr ng t ch th i gian quá kh xác đ nh nhườ ớ ữ ạ ừ ỉ ờ ứ ị ư: yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week, last month, last year, last summer, ago
We came here a month ago.
He went to the cinema yesterday.
* Thì Simple Past còn đ c dùng đ di n đ t 1 chu i các hành đ ng x y ra liên ti p trong quá kh ượ ể ễ ạ ỗ ộ ả ế ứ
He closed all the windows, locked the doors and then went out
B. EXERCISES
Ex 1. Choose the underlined part which is pronounced differently from the rest
4. A. integrate B. independent C. determined D. access
5. A. possession B. discussion C. profession D. decision
Trang 78. A. charter B. chance C. charity D. brochure
9. A. internal B. international C. Internet D. interrupt
Ex 2. Choose the word whose stress pattern is different from the rest
4 A. solidarity B. cooperation C. opportunity D. popularity
7. A. unemployment B. possibility C. qualification D. university
8. A. opportunity B. decision C. tuition D. certificate
9. A. responsible B. disrespectful C. energetic D. independent
10.A. opportunity B. overprotective C. unforgettable D. interpersonal
Ex 3. Choose the best answer
1. The ASEAN Vision 2020 agrees on a shared vision of ASEAN, living in peace, ……, and prosperity
2. The right of every nation is to lead its national existence free from external ……….
A. involvement B. prevention C. interference D. interruption
3. The ASEAN School Games focus on promoting ASEAN ……. in the youth through school sports
4. ASEAN is the dynamic and harmonious community that is aware and proud of its …… , culture and heritage
5. General ………. skills are part of being independent and responsible
6. Parents can teach their teen to ………. to achieve positive outcomes
7. With a “To Do” list, you are less……… to forget to do tasks
8. Students decided to get involved in a ………. event to provide practical help for those in need
9. Students with ………. disabilities may suffer from difficulties with memory, information processing
10. Volunteer lend a hand to the ………… by helping those who have been affected by Agent Orange
11. The boy ………. his sight due to the accident at the age of nine
12. He ……… at the National Institute for nearly four years
A. treats B. have been treated C. was treated D. has been treated
13. Before you start cooking, you should gather together all the necessary………
14.A wheelchair is needed for the person with ………impairments
15. There is hope the disabled boy will soon be able to ……… into an inclusive school and attend regular
education classes with a mixed group of children
16.Disabilities should not prevent people ……… participating fully in our community’s life
17. – Can you play table tennis? _
A. No, thanks B. No, it’s too hard for me C. Yes, I could D. You must be kidding
18.– (you meet) ………. him before? – No, never
A. Did you met B. Have you meet C. Did you meet D. Have you met
19. “Can I try your new camera?” “_ ”