grammar time 4

Time markers ue eee ee Some of the time phrases we use with the ® In a question, we put the auxiliary verb io be present continuous are: am, is, are at the beginning of the sentence now,

Present simple, present continuous

Past simple, ‘used to’

Past continuous

Present perfect simple (i) Present perfect simple (2)

Post perfect simple

Ravision of past tenses Revision Units 1-7

The Future Modal verbs {1}

Modai verbs (2)

Offers, suggestions

Nouns erticies

Quantifiers Revision Unlis 8-13

Œ tien ae TTT bên IẾ aie:

‘ ne “subject/ bject questions -

y o _ Wiway be ip klichen, She's cookin

stions wpe short F ogreements ie 124

nb after the Foceauani acre Me 4h Si

ĐhG 9 SỐ /ERỤ sử bentypad4oy 6 Đuyb^ làm

ehsar hijo why acer ee 24

nOE} 2on ch

(Jesob] *on toes

Wordlist

Come on, Peter! Let's

go to the party!

\/welyou/they read he/she/it reads

I/welyou/they do not (don’t) mà he/she/it does not (doesn’t)

| am not (m not) he/she/it is not (isn’t) reading weiyoufthey are not (arent)

Am |

Is he/she/it reading? Are we/you/they

(eat, read, drink ete.) In affirmative

sentences, we add to the main verb the ending

-s in the third person singular (he, she, it)

(Spelling rules on p 138) © permanent situations

I work in a bank He lives in London

She works in a bookshop

® something which happens often, a habit we have

We usually go to the park after school

© general truths or natural laws

® In order to form a negation, we use does pot The Earth goes round the Sun

(doesn’t) before the main verb for the third

person singular and io not (con't) before the

main verb for the other persxons

I don’t eat fish He doesn’t eat fish

In a negation, the main verb does not end in -s

in the third person singular

She doesn’t live in Athens

Shed een =

» programmes (i.e cinema, theatre programmes)

or travel schedules/timetables/services (i.e flight schedules, rail timetables, bus services)

The film starts at seven 0’ clock

Time markers

With the present simple we use:

® Ina question, we use the auxiliary verb do for

the persons |, vou, we, they, and does for the

third person singular (he she and it) at the

beginning of the sentence before the subject

Do you speak French?

Does she work in a bank?

In a question, the main verb does not end in -s time phrases such as:

® adverbs of frequency in order to state how |

often something happens The adverbs of frequency are always used before the main verb

He never tidies his room

Does she always get up at seven o'clock?

in the third person singular on Mondays on Tuesdays

Does he speak French? every month, every weekend

Does he speakstrench? once a week, twice a year

Present continuous

® We form the present continuous using the We use the present continuous:

ili b to be 5 b id 2 5 = z

TT a = cea ti nhi ® in order to describe something taking place

li : : now, at the moment of talking

anpese 4 ok al Mum is in the kitchen She’s cooking

® for something happening temporarily, for a short time

She’s staying at her sister’s house this week |

® In order to form a negation, we use not after the

auxiliary verb to be (am, is, are)

There are two short versions: isn't and aren't

You are not listening to me!

Y listening ä ! Time markers

ue eee ee Some of the time phrases we use with the

® In a question, we put the auxiliary verb io be present continuous are:

(am, is, are) at the beginning of the sentence now, today, at the moment, these days

before the subject (she, our friends, Michael)

Is Kikki doing her homework?

Present simple and present continuous

We use the present continuous in order to describe something taking place now or temporarily

while the present simple describes a habit Read the examples and see the difference between the

two tenses

He usually walks to work (daily habit) but today he’s going by bus (only today)

They usually wear jeans and T-shirts (habit) but today they’re wearing suits (only today)

]

Grammar practice

l Complete with the present simple

Stanley often .40&2

We

The bank Where

We never

My sister

(open) at 8.00 a.m

(she / live)?

(watch) horror films

(not eat) meat

(you / play) tennis?

Dad's outside Hi

Stop that noise!

(you / = for the bus?

Let's go home! We

Stanley's in his room Wie —

Why (they / run)?

Oh no Look! Bob and Alex

(wash) the car

Complete with every day or at the moment

Stanley gets up early

They are playing basketball Thomas is doing his homework

I finish school at 13.00

Peter is tidying his room

Mum and Dad are watching TV They watch TV

| drink a glass of mii

There are certain verbs which do not

to the time of speaking, ===

Some of these verbs are:

© verbs of senses:

© verbs of understanding: know, Ti*c si:

(go) to the park after school

(not go) to the theatre very often

(your parents / work) on Saturdays?

(try) to do my homework

(not have) a good time

(write) a report for TeenLink

Ann is cooking dinner at the

seem,

© verbs expressing pleasure or displeasure: like, dislike, hate, :- love

® other verbs such as: “= cost, 232 want, believe :

I hate pizza š

This bag belongs to Alex

I need a cup of coffee -

Present simple, present continuous

He likes pizza

He-istiking pizza X

Cosmo ñates l is hating dogs

Why do you look / are you looking at me?

Do you remember / Are you remembering my friend Paul?

Look! That girl cries / is crying

Be quiet! | watch / am watching the news

Suzie loves / is loving milk

What do you want / are you wanting?

Listen to me! | talk / am talking to you!

5 Read and write

Every Monday afternoon Today

Peter Hardy &

Stanley Davis Kikki Hardy

It's 4 o'clock on a Monday afternoon It's a Bank holiday and

Mr Davis Mrs Hardy Mr Hardy our friends are having a barbecue!

| Every Monday afternoon Peter and Stanley their homework but

today l3VI04 basketball (do, play)

the violin but today

2 Every Monday afternoon Kikki

to music (play, listen)

3 Every Monday afternoon Leslie to her French class but today

sum the afternoon with her friends (go, spend)

4 Every Monday afternoon Mr Davis uum back from work but today

the newspaper (drive, read)

5 Every Monday afternoon Mrs Hardy to the supermarket but

today (go, rest)

2 Does Mr Davis go to work by bus?

3 Are the boys wearing shorts?

4 Does Leslie go to a language school on Mondays?

5 Is Mr Hardy cooking? w

6 Do Peter and Stanley watch TV every Monday afternoon?

7 Are Mrs Hardy and Mrs Davis reading a magazine?

7 Complete with the present simple

TeenLink is the school magazine and Stanley Davis is the Editor

Leslie Banks (1) .⁄'⁄Z5 (write) articles and (2) (take) photographs She is a reporter

\ —

8 Complete with the present simple or present continuous

| Dad's in the kitchen He \2.999%("4 dinner

He always .S9%° dinner on Sundays (cook)

2 Anne and Judy their room at the moment

They always their room on Saturdays (clean)

3 Mum is in the sitting room She her favourite programme

She her favourite programme at 8 o'clock every day (watch)

4 Ww the cinema today.VWe always to the cinema

on Sundays (go)

5 AuntAgatha Peter and Kikki today She usually

them on Sundays (visit)

6_ Mary$ in the bathroom She a shower She oa Shower

every day (have)

7 MrPorter golf at the moment He always

‘Tuesdays (play)

Present simple, present continuous

| My father not smoke)

2 lIusually (walk) to school

Seas: ‘you / stay) with your grandparents at the moment?

4 We „.„ (NOt ZO) ON holiday every year

5 Kate's in her room She (do) her homework

6 I'm very tired | (want) to go home now

7 What time (your mother / finish) work every day?

8 James not work) this week He’s on holiday

9 Why (they / laugh)? What's so funny?

Oh (you / get up) early on Sundays?

10 Read and complete Use present simple or present continuous

A (4) fight) the ‘bad guys’ alone and (5)

(6) meet) lots of women but he (7) (not have) a steady

* relationship Well, not this time! In his new film, a romantic comedy, Raphael

CBee Now you can do oral activity 1 (Teacher's Resource File)

x

(get) ready for ye

(know) Raphael as the ‘tough’ policeman: he usually *

(win) He x

(8) (play) a ballet dancer (!) and Helen Faye, the beautiful ballerina, is

ote his girlfriend

q Raphael (9) (take) dance lessons (he’s got a ballet teacher on his

yacht) and is very careful about his diet: no more beer and pizzas! * (10) (he like) it? ‘It’s really hard work!’ he says ‘Dancing is more *

coe ee

| was very naughty one day and you

mie A REAL SURPRISE!

in my notebook

Right after that

my family moved to France and |

Mr Clunes and his

student, Charles Badger

| worked | did not (didn’t) work Did | work?

you worked you did not (didn’t) work Did you work?

he worked he did not (didn’t) work Did he work?

she worked she did not (didn’t) work Did she work?

it worked it did not (didn’t) work Did it work?

we worked we did not (didn’t) work Did we work?

you worked you did not (didn’t) work Did you work?

they worked they did not (didn’t) work Did they work?

| went | did not (didn’t) go Did | go?

you went you did not (didn’t) go Did you go?

he went he did not (didn’t) go Did he go?

she went she did not (didn’t) go Did she go?

it went it did not (didn’t) go Did it go?

we went we did not (didn’t) go Did we go?

you went you did not (didn’t) go Did you go?

they went they did not (didn't) go Did they go?

Form

> Regular verbs form their past simple with

the ending -ed

(For spelling rules see page 138)

play — played start — started

® Irregular verbs do not form their past simple

in accordance with any rules Each irregular

verb forms its past simple in its own way

go — went leave — left

run — ran give — gave

® A negation is formed by using did not

(didn’t) before the main verb In a negation

we use the infinitive of the main verb

(drink, eat, look), not the past simple type

(drunk, ate, looked)

They didn’t come with us

X

We didn’t like the film

We-didn'tHiked-thefilm: X

® In order to form a question, we use the

auxiliary verb did at the beginning of the

sentence, before the subject, followed by

the main verb in the infinitive In a

question, as in a negation, we use the

infinitive of the main verb (write, say, tell),

not the past simple type (wrote, said, told)

Did you go out last night?

; ight2- X

Did he call you?

In short answers, we use did or didn’ + without

repeating the main verb

Did you see Jane last night?

Yes, I did / No, I didn’t

(call) you an hour ago

(not watch) the film last night

(he / be) in the football team last year?

(you / go) to bed late last night?

sume (Start) ten minutes ago

ihe / eon) with you yesterday?

(not break) the window!

(buy) a new house in the country last year

ia / like) his birthday present?

(not be) many people at the party on Saturday

st simple, ‘used to’

Use

We use the past simple:

® to describe something which happened at a specific time in the past

I spoke to Bob last night

They bought a new car two months ago

If we use past simple, we must know when

something happened

She moved to Germany last month

(When did she move to Germany? Last

month.)

® to describe habits or acts which took place

often in the past

He travelled a lot when he was young

® for situations which applied to the past

They lived in this house ten years ago

She worked in a bank three years ago

® for acts which took place successively in the past

They had dinner Then they went out

Time markers

The time phrases we use with the past simple

in order to say when something happened are:

yesterday :

two days / months / years ago

last week / month

‘in 1999, on 16th August

Tip

In both questions and answers, we use the infinitive of the main verb, not the past simple

2 Fomthe negative and the question

| They went to the cinema

They.didn't goto the di

2 She bought a new computer

Peter (6) (not care) much about the display, though

He (7) (visit) every food stall and he (8) (buy)

something at each one He actually (9) (eat) six toffee

Stanley (10) (take) photos for TeenLink and Leslie (II) interview) some people for her article | Cosmo and Suzie (12) (not go) to the park Cats hate fireworks! Cosmo (13) (stay) under Stanley's bed and he (14) (not come out) until everyone

My photos

n article? (write) a HEF Notebook (lose) \

3 Stanleys photos good? (be) |

No, - They Black (be)

4 a picture with fireworks? (paint)

on the sofa? (sleep) stomachache!

Out of the room! (run)

| Why 5 Where words and phrases

He left because he was tired He went to Italy (what, how often),

we use the

2 What When cree interrogative type of She rocked) ected He called ten minutes ago the past simple, i.e

did before the subject

3 When 7 Where (did he, did the

They bought this car two years ago | was at home last night students)

HeHiow (any "15 na Why did he leave?

There were two aicuend people The film E0 at c9 00 Whyhe-tett? | x

at the concert

‘Used to’

© In the affirmative, we use the phrase used to followed wy the infinitive of the verb The”

phrase tised to remains the same in all persons - : : [used to like horror films when I was younger - tin

: The verb wse in the phrase used to forms questions and negations like regular verbs In

questions and negations, no ending -ed is added to the: verb Z i Did you use to live in Paris? i

‘I didn’t use to like horror films Vana hor ina x

“Use

We use used to in order to describe habits or situations which one in the past but not any

longer

We use used to if we want to stress the difference between what used to h pen in then and

what happens now -

She used to have cornflakes and milk for breakfast but no hej has a abe of

orenige ees :

6 Complete with used to

We used to go (go) to the cinema once a week, but now we don't

not drink) milk, but now he drinks a glass every morning

(work) in a bank, but now he works in an office

(not like) comedies, but now | love them

(be) a teacher

(he / cry) a lot when he was a baby?

When | lived in London, | (travel) by bus

Did you Know?

| The Plains Indians -:5Z⁄.°.*5

in North America

2 They buffalos

3 They in tents

4 They on horses

5 They clothes out of animal skin

6 They with bows and arrows

7 They to large camps in the summer

8 They meat, fish and corn

What do you know about the Plains Indians? Send your | ideas to TeenLink

—_—— mm ————————

Past simple, ‘used to’

========

9 Read and write

Book oF THE YEAR,

by Stanley Davis

‘Man of the century’ is an amazing book by Roland Spears

It tells the real story of an extraordinary man, James Boyce

James (1) (spend) the first years of his life in great poverty He (2) as

(leave) England in 1910 at the age of ten and he (3) sm (follow) his uncle to America

There he (4) (work) and he (5) ) to school at the same time |

E He (6) (start) his first business when he (7) (be) 16 He \

(8) (sell) second hand books He (9) have) a talent for business and }

soon he (10) (make) a fortune James (11) (become) a very rich man

but he (12) (not forget) his family and friends

James (13) (live) a life full of adventure and (14) (travel) all over the

world until he (15) die), a happy man at the beginning of the new century

‘Man of the century’ is a great book! Don’t miss it!

Writing practice

10 Use the prompts and write a biography of Walt Disney

As

Walt Disney / be / an extraordinary man

He / have / a great talent for drawing

He / study / drawing and photography at the McKinley High School in Chicago

Walt / go to / Hollywood and soon he / become successful

Roy Disney, Walt's brother, / be / his business manager

He / make / the first cartoon film, Snowhite and the Seven Dwarves, in 1932

Walt / produce / Pinocchio, Fantasia, Dumbo and Bambi after Snowhite

Walt / build / a huge amusement park, Disneyland / near Los Angeles

Stanley's boot! He was kicking

the ball when it came off!

| was walking you were walking

he was walking she was walking

it was walking

we were walking you were walking they were walking

We were playing football when something hit me!

| was not walking | wasn’t walking

you were not walking you weren't walking

he was not walking he wasn’t walking she was not walking she wasn't walking

it was not walking it wasn’t walking

we were not walking we weren't walking you were not walking you weren't walking they were not walking they weren’t walking

Peter! What happened

to your eye?

Was | walking? Were you walking? Was he walking?

Was she walking?

Was it walking? Were we walking? Were you walking? Were they walking?

Form

© We form the past continuous by using the past simple of the verb to be (was/were) followed by the

main verb ending in -ing

I was sleeping at 10 o’clock last night

Peter and Kikki were studying all day yesterday |

© In order to form a question, we change the sequence of the words, placing was/were at the beginning of

the sentence followed by the subject

Were you doing your homework at 8 o'clock yesterday?

® Ina negation, was/were is followed by not The short types are wasn'i/weren't |

She was not wearing her new dress at the party last night

She wasn’t wearing her new dress at the party last night

® In short answers, we use was were without repeating the main verb

Were you having dinner at 8 o’clock last night?

Yes, we were / No, we weren't J

Use Past simpie

Past continuous We use the past simple

We use the past continuous: ® to describe an act which started and finished in

® to describe an act which was in progress at a the past, at a particular stage/moment in time

particular moment in the past I had lunch at 2 o'clock yesterday

I was having lunch at 2 o'clock yesterday Sân

È for two or more acts taking place simultaneously in successively in the past

the past I got up, had breakfast and went to school |

dack was reading a comic while the teacher ® when we describe an act which interrupted

was talking another act in the past The past simple is used

® when we describe an act which was interrupted by for the shorter act

another act in the past The past continuous is I heard a strange noise while I was

used for the longer act watching TV

I heard a strange noise while | was watching

TV

Time markers

The time phrases we use with the past continuous are:

® while es: | saw Tim while I was walking / As | was walking, I saw Tim

® all morning dey: She was walking all day yesterday

® When the past contintious is followed by the past simple, we usually use when with the past simple

I was sleeping when the phone rang

Grammar practice

I Complete with the past continuous

He wasn’t at home at 5.00 yesterday He ⁄25.£!21/:4 (play) basketball

|

QE uu (study) at 7.00 yesterday

3 Alex and Bob were at home all day They (watch) TV

Má (talk) on the phone when he came in

5 My mother (cook) dinner when the fire started

6 We (work) in the garden all morning

Uf She’s wearing trousers today but she (wear) a beautiful skirt

Bitte (rain) when | got up qe

Mr Brown The maid

The gardener Harry

Who stole the jewellery?

Look at the picture very carefully Thee answer is at the bottom: of the paces

3 Complete with the past continuous or the past simple

for the bus when |

2 The boy: (sing) while their mother

3 At 5.30 yesterday fafterniogn, Peter

(have) a French lesson

(Play) the piano

(do) his homework and Kikki

4 (you / study) when | call) you last night?

5 We .» (talk) about her when she (come)

6 The lesson some (Start) at 8.00 and (finish) at 12.00

7 He get-ub),- (have) breakfast and um (ZO)

to work

8 She (cry) while she (watch) the film

9 not watch) the film last night because | (be) very busy

10 (go) home when |

L_ Riajramal 244 91019 Auey

It was late on a Friday afternoon and Mr Jules (1) W.walkina (walk) home from

work There was a big lorry outside his block of flats ‘Somebody is moving’, he

0) (think)

He (3) (Stand) outside the front door when he (4) (see) two men at the

door They (5 (carry) a huge TV Mr Jules (6) (hold) the door open for

them, they (7) (thank) him and they (8) (carry) the TV to the lorry

Then, Mr Jules (9) (go) upstairs to his flat on the second floor

He (10) (look) for his keys when he (11) (realise) his door was open

He ( (remember) the two men with the TV and he nearly (13) (faint)!

The two men were thieves and the TV they (14) (carry) was his TV!

5 Complete with the past simple or past continuous Then put the paragraphs in the

correct order to tell the story The first paragraph is in the right place

Last Saturday, Mr Fry (1) š⁄25Ÿ (go) to the centre of the town He (2) (park) his car and

(3) (walk) into a bookshop

The police officer (4) (tell) him that while the thief (5) (drive), the parrot (6) (shout):

‘Stop! Police!’ The man was so scared that he (7) (stop) the car and (8) (get) out A

police car (9) (see) him as he (10) (run) down the street and (11) rest) him!

While he (12) (pay) for his books a man with a black mask over his head (13) (get into)

Mr Fry's car and (14) (drive) away Mr Fry (15) (see) him and he (I6) (shout) for

help Then he (17) (remember) that Lucky, his pet parrot was in the back seat

When Mr Fry (18) .(get) to the police station, his car was already there!

She has climbed Mount Everest

She has driven round the world

in her car twice!

She has never woken up later than 6 a.m

She has been to Africa and Asia

on her motorbike and she has just taken her first flying lesson, which was

a present for her birthday

Well, which of the two women is Mavis?

Mavis Fletcher is in the photo with her great-grand-daughter,

Alice

\/welyou/they have (ve) finished

he/she/it has (5) opened

\/welyou/they have not (havent) finished

he/she/it has not (hasn't) opened

Have I/we/you/they _ finished?

Has he/she/it opened?

\/welyou/they have (‘ve) written

he/she/it has (S) gone

lAweíyou/they _ have not (haven’t) he/she/it has not (hasn't)

Have l/we/youíthey written?

Has he/she/it gone?

Form

© We form the present perfect simple by using the auxiliary verb have/has followed by the past

participle of the main verb

The past participle of the regular verbs is formed by adding the ending -ed (finish ~ finished —

finished, open — opened — opened)

Thave finished my homework

No rules are followed in forming the past participle of the irregular verbs

Each verb has its own type (drive - drove — driven, go ~ went — gone)

She has written a letter to her pen friend

In order to form a question, we use have has at the beginning of a sentence followed by the

subject

Have you done your homework?

© Ina negation, fave lias is followed by not The short types are haven’i/hasn’t

He has not called me He hasn’t called me

Use

We use the present perfect simple:

® to describe an act which took place in the past but we don’t mention when

When something happened is either unknown to us or of no interest

They have moved to London (The important detail is that they have moved to London

The time at which they moved is not important)

® to refer to an act which took place in the past and affects the present Likewise, the time at

which it happened is either unknown or of no interest to us

I can’t open the door I’ve lost my keys (I can’t open the door because I have lost my

keys When did I lose my keys is not such an important detail)

to refer to experiences, i.e things we have or have not done in our life

She’s travelled round Europe on her motorbike

'® To ask if someone has done something in his life, we use ever in the question followed by a

past participle

Have you ever met a famous person?

If we refer to something we have never done in our lives, we usually reply with never

followed by a past participle

I've never played golf

Gramm

practice

| Complete with the present perfect simple

They have bought

Richard and Anne

Suzie’s angry because Cosmo

Mrs Harper is a famous writer shee

(i (read) your Repos It’s very interesting!

Peter can’t find his new CD because Kikki

They don’t live here any more They

Mã (climb) Mount Everest

(buy) a new house in Manchester

(travel) all over the world

2_ (call) ` Susan but she Ti —_———

3 (paint) We the bedroom but we p

tie kitchen To form the present

„ = perfect simple we need

4 (eat) li Mexican food but | the past participle of the

Chinese food i verb (written, gone,

5 (visit) We a the Louvre Museum but we ascent aie

the Eiffel Tower went, drank)

I have never seen a tiger

3 Ask and answer

| she / call you

Has she called you

2 1/ show you my new dress Tip

The main verb is not repeated in short answers

We use only have/has,

4 you / do your homework Has she called you?

No, No, she hasn’t

No, she hasn't called X

5 the game / started

N you / buy tickets for the concert

Have ‘is to—have |

We use has/ been in ‹

_ been to, places ‘one has travelled to

He likes adventure H

> We bề hàhồ bi xài: that one hed gone Seated and is

still there The phrase have answer we get when we ‘look for

someone who is aw

We to Canada many times It’s a nice country

Mary isn’t here at the moment She

Mr and Mrs Banks are on holiday They

He was here an hour ago but | think he

Nick was very tired He -

^ you ever to the USA?

HeS a pilot He o all the countries in Europe

lam alone My parents to the theatre

home

Leslie (1) her lemonade

but she (2) her sandwich

She (3) her sunglasses

but she (8) her composition

6 Form sentences with the present perfect simple

This is the best film I've ever .98@" (good film, | see)

2 Mark is ever (funny man, | meet)

3 This is ever (fast car, | drive)

4 This is ever (boring story, | read)

5 Helen is evel (clever girl, | meet)

6 This is ever (long letter, | write)

7 Canada Ìs @VeT (beautiful country, | visit)

Tip

We use hiave/has gone to to answer when asked where someone is

Where is Tom?

He’s gone to the cinema

He’s been to the cinema X

have ever read

This is the best film I have

ever seen!

a

7

Form questions

| how many museums / they / visit

How many museums have they visited? +

2 what / you / buy / for Anne's birthday

3 where / you / put / my car keys

4 how many times / you / eat Chinese food

5 what / he / cook / for dinner

Read and complete

Lestie What are you doing? What is this list?

Kikki: These are the things | (1) ave dene

Leslie And what about this list?

Kikki: These are the things (2) |

Leslie: Let's see (3)

Liberty, in New York?

Kikki: WWll,I (4) (see) photos but |

(G6) (never be) to New York

Leslie: (6) (oU / ever fly) in a hot air balloon?

Kikki: No,l (7) Hey, that's a fantastic idea!

l'll write it down

Lêsile: (8) :

Kikki: No,l (9) nến

Let's do it together one day!

Lesiic Brilliant idea!

ie have/has before the

subject (i.e have they, has your brother)

How many museums have they visited?

have-visited? X

(not do) in my life!

(VOU / ever see) the Statue of

(you / ever see) the earth from space?

-That's number one on my list

10

1 verb to be: He’s tall He is tall

Leslie’s broken her sunglasses 2 have got She’s got a sister It’s raining Mỹ DI Na She has got a sister Dave's gone to France ` er eae Sợ” 3 present ene simple

Peter's late for school ee sone Our

5 3 a He has gone out

Helen's got beautiful hair

He's hungry He is hungry

Mark’s taken my favourite CD

She's got a younger brother

Cs The person | admire most of all is my cousin Michael He's still very

cò young but he (1) 34% dene (do) amazing things in his life

— Michael loves adventure! He (2) (travel) round Europe on

his bike and he (3) (visit) many parts of Africa He

Cc (4) (not start) his studies at university yet, because he thinks

€ 3 it is important to see the world first

—— Michael is a very good sportsman He is a cyclist and he (5)

== (take) part in the Olympic games twice! He (6) (not win) an

C_ =8 Olympic medal but he says that winning is not everything!

= Where is Michael these days? He (7) (go) to India on an

expedition This is his third journey to India and he will be back next month,

Michael (8) (promise) to take me with him one day

| can’t wait!

Kikky Hardy

Writing practice

II What about you? Write a list with the things you have done and a list with the things

you have not done

Oral practice Now you can do oral activity 4 (Teacher's Resource File).

Leslie, Peter and Stanley have gathered for a quiet Saturday afternoon Leslie

wants to watch a film on the video but Peter and Stanley want to watch a

Castle’ the videos! What shall we do now?

I've already seen it! h We could watch the football

1 watched it last Friday! match on TV!

“esis — What about ‘The Secret in the cesio- No, we won't! There's a

Lake’? romantic film on TY, Have you

Stanley and I have seen that, seen that, too?

too! Right, Stanley? We haven't seen it and we don't

Yes, we saw it at the cinema last want to!

winter

since —_ He has been a since | haven't seen him ever Have you ever

doctor since 1990 since Monday played

table tennis? t

for We have lived here for She hasn't called

for 10 years for days yet Has she called yet? | just | have just finished yet We havent had How long How long have they

lunch yet lived here?

already They have already

left never They've never been

to Spain

We know that we use the presen! perfect simple for:

® an act which took place in the past without specifying when

They've bought a new house

® an act which took place in the past and affects the present

She can’t walk She has broken her leg

© our experiences, i.e things we have or have not done

I’ve been to the USA but I haven’t been to China

For - since

® We use the present perfect simple for acts which have started in the past and continue in the

present By using the present perfect simple we want to show that something is still continuing

He has been a teacher for ten years (He is still a teacher)

® The difference between for and since is:

The word for describes the duration of an act (e.g how many years, how many hours)

He’s lived in London for ten years

The word since refers to the point in time an act started (e.g since last Monday, since 1998)

Both since and for are used in connection with something which is still going on today

He’s lived in London since 1998

Already — just -— yet

» We use the present perfect simple in conjunction with already in order to show that something

has been done, i.e it has been concluded, and with just in order to stress that it has just finished

I've already done my homework

I've just finished my homework

® We use vet in negative sentences in connection with acts which have not been concluded yet

The word yet is used at the end of the sentence

I haven't finished my homework yet

In interrogative sentences, it is used in order to ask whether something has already been done

Have you started your new job yet?

How long

We use how fong if we wish to enquire as to the duration of an act which has started in the past

and is still continuing in the present We cannot use how long unless the act in question is still

| have Sewn (know) Tina for ten years

He (not come) back yet

` (you / call) Mark?

Come on! The film (start)!

(you / watch) ‘Space Invasion’?

.(have) an accident

2 They've lived in this house Six months

3 Mr Smith has had this car = years

4 She's been in our class ~—==« CLOĐGT,,

5 | havent seen John Monday

6 | haven’t seen John days

7 They've been in Italy 1998

8 They've been in Italy a week

9 Janet has worked in this office

10 | haven't talked to David

3 Read and write Use already or yet

Stanley is very busy today Look at the things he has already done and the things

he hasn’t done yet

4 Put the words in the right order

| 1 / homework / yet / finished / haven’t / my

U haven't fihished my homework yet

2 times / this / read / you / have / How many /

book?

3 He/ home / gone / has / already

4 you / have / How long / in / lived / England?

He has already washed hi

verb, while yet is

used at the end of a

5 Mark / come back / France / just / has / from

6 Alex / years / best friend / my / has / been /{

7 Sam / since / hasn't / Monday / called

8 been to / ever / house / his / you / Have?

Present perfect simple

We use the past simple: We use the present perfect simple:

® to describe an act which took place at a ® to describe an act which took place in the past

specific time in the past without specifying when, either because it is

If we use past simple we must specify the time not known to us or because it is not an something happened important detail

He left at 5.30 He has left

> to describe an act which started and finished ® to describe an act which started in the past but

in the past within a specific time is still continuing in the present

We lived in London two years ago We've lived in London for two years

(But now we live in Athens) (We still live in London)

With the past simple the emphasis is on the With the present perfect simple the emphasis is

past on the present

5 Complete with two days ago or since Monday Tip We cannot use two days ago

unless the sentence is in the past simple

They came back from Paris two days ago

They have come back from Paris two days ago X

They came back from Paris Jim hasn't called me

Mark has been ill

Sue and Peter left for Germany

\We havent met

| haven't seen her

Julia bought a new computer

6 Complete with the past simple or present perfect simple

| (go) They're on holiday They (a) ./!

(b) „ to Japan last year, too

2 (break) Maria (a) moe (break) her leg She (b)

(break) it two days ago

3 (buy) nC) a new car He (b) it last

month

4 (lose) Ifa) nn my sunglasses | (b) them

three weeks ago

5 (see) We (a) alFeady this film.VWe

(b) it last Sunday

6 (sell) They (a) their house They (b) (Sell)

it two weeks ago

7 (write) — She's a famous writer She (a) lot Of books She

(b) her last book two years ago

7 Complete with past simple or present perfect simple 1

Peter and Kikki visited (visit) Aunt Agatha on Sunday

John’s on holiday He sue (ZO) to Hawaii

John nue (ZO) to Hawaii last year

There isn’t any milk for Suzie, Cosmo =

(not have) a he day bạt) year

(not have) a holiday for three years

(you / see) them?

not finish) my homework yet

8 Read and complete Use past simple or present perfect simple

Mrs Hardy: Where are you going?

Kikki: I'm going to Nicola’s house | (1) !22 - (not see)

her for days She (2) (call) me an hour ago

Peter: I'm going to watch the football match with Stanley But |

must hurry The game (3) (start) at 5 o'clock and it’s ten past five now

Mrs Hardy: (you / tidy your room)?

Peter Bụt | can do it later

Mrs Hardy: (you / do your homework / yet)?

Peter: » (finish) my maths homework an hour ago, 4

(not do) my homework for French yet

Mrs Hardy: I'm sorry You can’t go You must finish your homework firs H Peter What about Kikki? She (9) (not do) her

homework, either

Kiki: Yes,1\(10) 2-1 (11): finish my homework an

hour ago and l (I2) (clean) my room in the mornil Mrs Hardy: Right Kikki, you can go but be back at 9.30

Kikki: Great! Bye Peter! Have a good time!

Peter That’s not fair!

Leslie (|) .12% appeared | (appear) on TV She (2 (act) in a TV serial when she

@) (be) four She only (4) (appear) for ten seconds and she (5)

(not speak) at all!

Stanley (6) (travel) to France, Italy and Spain by bus but he (7) (Never fly)

in a plane! Peter (8) (lose) his watch when he (9) (go) on a picnic with

his class, He (10) (find) it a year later when they (11) (go) for another picnic at the same place

Kikki (12) She (14)

(paint) her mum% portrait when she (I3) (be) four

(paint) one hundred portraits since then

times No, she’s not your neighbour's cat Jilly is a TH: star!

She (2) (appear) in two major films and she (3)

the role of ‘Puffy, the naughty cat’ in a TV serial She (4)

(make) more than ten advertisements for cat food Success

(not spoil) her, though | know that because Jilly is my cat \

dilly (6) (arrive) at my house, in a big basket with a red bow )

3 ; two years ago She (7) (be) my aunt’s present for my birthday ¿

Last summer, we (8) {go} on heal to the sea A photographer |

(9) (see) her and he (10) (take) some photos That

ind (I1) (be) the beginning of her career She (12) on (receive) /

so many offers for work lately that | think we need an ‘agent!

Writing practice

t

fires II Read the notes below and write your article about Jennifer Aniston

an * Jennifer Aniston's original name / be / Anastassakis

renin + she / spend / one year in Greece / when she / be / a child

she / take / the role of Rachel in ‘Friends’ in 1994

‘Friends’ / become / a success immediately it/ be / one of the most popular TV comedy series since then she / appear / on the cover of many magazines | she / take part / in several films, too

she / meet / her husband, Brad Pitt, in 1998 their wedding / take place on July 29, 2000, in Malibu, California

lebrity of the Month!

ifer Aniston's original name was Anastassakis She

Oral practice Now you can do oral activity § (Teacher's Resource File) a

There were some people from TV at the park, today They were filming some lễ

scenes with Rocco Cash, Kikki's favourite soap star

Sgioe

| had started you had started

he had started she had started

it had started

we had started you had started they had started

it had not started it hadn't started

we had not started we hadn't started you had not started you hadn't started they had not started _ they hadn't started

| had not gone | hadn't gone

| had not written | hadn't written

Had you started?

Had they started?

> The past perfect simple is formed by using the auxiliary verb had and the past participle of the

main verb +> sez

The short version, which is usually used in oral speech is ‹

They had left by 10.00 They'd left by 10.00

# To form a question, we use had at the beginning of a sentence followed by the subject

Had the baby slept by 9.30?

® Ina question, had is followed by not The short version is hadn't

He had not studied before the exam He hadn't studied before the exam

Use

We use the present perfect:

® to show and stress that an act had taken place before another in the past

We use the past perfect for the act which took place first in the past and the past simple for the act

which took place second

They had left when I went home (First they left and then I went home)

® to show that an act had taken place by as specific time in the past

The party had finished by 10.00

Time markers

® Some of the time phrases we often use with the past perfect are:

after, by and already

After she had finished her homework, we went out

After she had finished her homework, we went out

The game had finished by 7.00

She had already left when I called

» The time phrases we use with the pas! simple if past perfect is also used in the sentence are:

before, when and by the time :

She had finished her homework before we went out

She had left when I called

The game had finished by the time we arrived

Grammar practice

Complete with the past perfect

He couldn't open the door because he :3⁄ 2SŸ (lose) his key

They (go) to bed when | arrived

My friends wm (leave) by 10.00

Peter was angry because Kikki (take) his CD

The film (finish) by 8.00

You (leave) by the time | called

It (stop) raining when we went out

Aunt Agatha couldn’t watch TV because she

ó

2 Look, ask and answer

====

Spike was Rocco's assistant His job was to have everything ready for the scenes

they filmed in the serial He had a lot to do for the scene in the park at 11 o'clock

Look at the picture What had he done by 11 o'clock?

We went out nid! EE! We had done our homework

We had done our homework come WE Went OUt

They won the lottery they had bought their

new house

They had bought their new house

the lottery

He came back

I had gone to bed

| had finished my homework

You called

(have) a stomachache because he

(eat) too much ice cream

(find) my pen after |

(take) her umbrella because it

(not be) at home because she

(get) to the cinema, the film

(leave) for work

(buy) a new one

If preceded by after, the verb

is usually in the past perfect

After does not always appear

at the beginning of the

(past perfect simple) and which followed (past simple)

After I had locked all

the doors, I left for

Past perfect simple

+ Before dinosaurs (1) 4PP£ar4 (appear), all the continents lay 9

See, (be) one continent and its name was Pangea &

(separate) into smaller sr sla vn xế

(grow) into different species in the new continents

(live) in different periods of time The

(already / disappear) before the Tyrannosaurus

* Dinosaurs (8) (already / die out) before man (9) (appear) on earth

© Scientists believe that dinosaurs (10) (become) extinct when a huge

meteorite (11) (crash) onto our planet and (12) (explode)

65 million years ago

* Dinosaurs are still alive, in a way! Many species of birds have evolved directly from

—- oe Sess s

1980 finish school 1985 meet Christine Taylor, famous

1981 work ina local bookshop | = Peupermodel = = > | S27

1982 move to England 1986 get married

1983 meet Paul Penn, a reporter for 1987 lose his job

‘Perfect Day’ magazine 1988 win one million pounds in the

1984 write his first article for ‘Perfect lottery

Day’ magazine 1989 start his first magazine

This week our reader, Mary Walsh, writes about her hero

He had never done anything like

this before, so I felt a bit worried

The minute | opened the door, he

grabbed my pullover in his

teeth and pulled

me out of the

My hero is not a man or woman It’s

my best friend, my dog Ramon This

is my story

It was early in the evening and I was watching

door and started barking although GIẾT i e there was no one outside | could Penening had stack it

not make him stop Ramon saved my life!

Past simple We went out | didn’t go out last Did you go out last yesterday, ago, last week,

last night night night? in 1997, on 16th July

"Used to’ He used to like | didn’t use to like Did you use to like | when! was young,

school when he school when! wasa school when you in 1997 but not now

was a child child were a child?

Past | was watching We weren't watching Were you watching — while, as, all day / night

continuous TV at 10 o'clock TV at 10 o'clock last TV at 10 o'clock

last night night last night?

Past perfect The party had The party hadn't Had the party before, after, when,

finished by finished by 10.00 finished by 10.00? already, by , by the

a book

Stanley: (10) (she / see) you?

Peter: Yes, (11) a

Stanley: (12) (you / talk) to her?

Peter: Yes But Kikki (13) (come) while we (14) ~ (talk)

and she (15) (wake) me up!

3 Complete using ‘ised to’

HAPPY BIRTHDAY Be

TG THE BEST SCHOOL IN TOWN! |

by Stanley Davis

Our school is one of the oldest schools in our town

Did you know that this year it’s 85 years old? A Jot of things were different here 85 years ago

The building (1) 2241.22 be (be) very Vireo (teach) English in our school

different The school (2) (not have) Our school (8)

Students (5) (wear) uniforms and they (6) (carry) their books in satchels Leslie's grandfather, Fred Banks,

There (3) - (not be) any computers

}

(have) a famous | football team and many famous footballers were students here Students (9) om (read)

‘School News’, a magazine like TeenLink and my grandfather, Tom Davis was the editor! |

-e (COOK) breakfast before |

(already / have) dinner when we (arrive)

(meet) Jim, he :

(not hear) the phone because | (finish) her homework before she (listen) to music while we

Revision of past tenses

“— =======ễễ=ễ=ễ=ễ=ễ=ễ=ễễễễ5=zœœœœm

5 Complete with the right tense

WOMEN IN SPACE

gm Sally Ride (1) .!%:2 (be) the first Sally and her team

=i American woman in space Her space_ ¡ (6) (prepare) for

= shuttle, the Challenger, (2) se (lift | two years before they

off) on 18th June 1983 AT) isos (go) on their mission Even

§ Two women from the Soviet Union though Sally (8) (practise) a

"` ~- (fly) into outer space lot, the real lift off was a very exciting

+ before her Sally and another six experience:

+ women (4) (survive) the hard | Sally (9) (resign) from NASA

training and (5) (start) in 1987 after the Challenger \ working for NASA in 1979 (10) (explode) on its final /

riend, Steven, was going on holiday with his parents Kikki had

to look after his pet hamster, Pepe Steven's grandmother had given it to

birthday and he loved it

very good with the hamster cleaned its cage

is that strange?’ asked Kiki

strange because Pepe, my hamster, was a boy!

OCB ett Now you can do oral activity 7 (Teacher's Resource File)