intermediate technical japanese volume 2 glossary

Also available in the Technical Japanese SeriesReflections on Science by Naka.,va Ukichiro An Advanced Japanese Reader Translated and edited by EdwardE.. Basic Technical Japaneseprovides

Also available in the Technical Japanese Series

Reflections on Science by Naka.,va Ukichiro

An Advanced Japanese Reader

Translated and edited by EdwardE Daub

and Shiro Asano

((Snow crystals are letters sent from the heavens ))

-Nakaya Ukichiro

For anyone learning to comprehend scientifIc articles in

Japanese, this reader offers selections from the writings

of well-known Japanese scientist, Nakayo Ukichiro At

the time of his death in 1962, the American Meteorological

Society Bulletinheralded him as " the world's

outstand-ing scientific investigator of snow crystals."

Nakaya was a popularizer of science and a brilliant

essayist Here are included excerpts from his classic book

The Methods ofScience (I(agaku no Hoohoo)and other

literary essays discussing various cultural and social topics

in relation to science English translations accompany the

Japanese texts, followed by a glossary

2003 Paper ISBN 0-299-18104-9

Basic Technical Japanese

Edward E Daub, R Byron Bird, and Nobuo Inoue

Even with no previous training in Japanese language,

readers of this book can learn to translate technical

man-uals' research publications, and reference works Basic

Technical Japaneseprovides step-by-step instruction,

from an introduction to the Japanese writing system

through a mastery of grammar and scientific vocabulary

to practice in reading actual texts in Japanese With

extensive character charts and vocabulary lists, the book

is entirely self-contained; no dictionaries or other

refer-ence works are needed The authors are scientists and

engineers with extensive experience in translating

Japanese

1990 Cloth ISBN 0-299-12730-3

!(anj'i-Flash/BTJ

Craig T Van Degrift

This DOS software is an electronic tlashcard companion

to Basic Technical Japanese It follows the text chapter

by chapter, providing exercises to test the pronunciation

and meaning of all510kanjiand4000compound words

introduced in the textbook It also allows missed \\'ords

to be saved for retesting The program requires VCiA or

color EGA graphics

Solid-State Physics and EngineeringTechnical Japanese Supplement

Craig T Van l)egrift

This book is a supplement to the textbook Basic Technical Japanese. It introduces 100new kanji and more than

700new words and phrases that appear frequently indocuments dealing with solid-state physics The textoffers ten lessons, each presenting key vocabulary and

ten new kanji that reappear in the exercises for that

lesson and in subsequent lessons, reinforcing learning

The exercises emphasize vocabulary building, kanji

recognition, definition nlatching, and translation skills

Anintroductory lesson reviews the katakana and hiraganawriting systems

1995 Paper ISBN 0-299-14734-7

BiotechnologyTechnical Japanese Supplement

R Byron Bird and Sigmund Floyd

This supplement to Basic Technical Japanese introduces

an additional 100kanji to build vocabulary for readingand translating Japanese literature related to polymerscience and engineering

Intermediate Technical Japanese

Volume 2:

Glossary

Intermediate Technical Japanese

The University of Wisconsin Press

1930 Monroe StreetMadison, Wisconsin 53711www.wisc.edu/wisconsinpress/

Copyright© 2002The Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin System

All rights reserved

Printed in the United States ofAmerica

Cataloging-in-Publication data is available from the Library of Congress

ISBN 0-299-18564-8

Table of Contents-Volume 2

Lesson 0: Review of Verbs and Verb Forms

Lesson 1: Mathematics I (numbers and sets)

Lesson 2: Mathematics IT (matrices, variables and functions)

Lesson 3: Mathematics ill (solutions, statistics and models)

Lesson 4: Computer Science I (fundamentals; part I)

Lesson 5: Computer Science IT (fundamentals; part IT)

Lesson 6: Computer Science ill (applications; part I)

Lesson 7: Computer Science IV (applications; part IT)

Lesson 8: Mechanics I (pressure and vacuum)

Lesson 9: Mechanics IT (motion and flow)

Lesson 10: Thermodynamics I (fundamentals)

Lesson 11: Thermodynamics IT (applications)

Lesson 12: Light I (fundamentals)

Lesson 13: Light II (wave properties)

Lesson 14: Light III (applications)

Lesson 15: Sound I (fundamentals)

Lesson 16: Sound II (applications)

Lesson 17: Magnetism I (fundamentals)

Lesson 18: Magnetism II (applications)

Lesson 19: Electricity I (fundamentals)

Lesson 20: Electricity II (applications)

Lesson 21: Electricity III (semiconductors and superconductors)

Lesson 22: Electronics I (transistors and diodes)

Lesson 23: Electronics II (other circuit elements and basic circuits)

Lesson 24: Electronics III (ICs)

Lesson 25: Electronics IV (other circuits and devices)

Lesson 26: Signals and Signal Processing I (fundamentals)

Lesson 27: Signals and Signal Processing II (applications)

Lesson 28: Computer Hardware I general)

Lesson 29: Computer Hardware II (memory and recording)

Lesson 30: Polymers I (fundamentals)

Lesson 31: Polymers II (MW, DP, viscosity and processing)

Lesson 32: Polymers ITI (properties and applications)

Lesson 33: Materials I (ceramics; fundamentals)

Lesson 34: Materials II (ceramics; applications)

Lesson 35: Materials III (glass, carbon and diamond)

v

-1

7

19 33

55

71 83 93

105

123 137 147

155

165

175

185 195

205

215 225 231 239 247 255

Lesson 36: Materials IV (metals) 375

Lesson 39: Interdisciplinary Topics I (magnetic and electrical interactions) 407 Lesson 40: Interdisciplinary Topics IT (electrochemical, biochemical and bioelectronic

v i

-Lesson 0: Review of Verbs and Verb Forms

0.1) connective form of a verb

arbitrarywith respect to , with regard to , for

to be valid, to hold true, to consist ofsimple, mere

symbolarithmetic operation, algorithm

we may consider, we may viewset, collection

7"//\1 ,*ry'j 7 v17/

tobedeterminedcommutative lawassociative lawespecially, in particularmultidimensional uniformitytest

calculation, computationeasy, simple

pseudorandom numberweakness, fault, shortcoming

to clarify, to make clear

to desire, to wish foraddition

multiplicationconcerning , regarding , for

distributive lawzero elementunit elementcommutative field

to make, to create, to prepare, to manufacture

to exclude, to except, to removeaddition, subtraction, multiplication and divisionfour basic arithmetic operations

to carry out, to perform, to conductlarge scale

thermoelectronic noiseradioactivity

and so on, and so forth, etc

physical phenomenon

to base upon

random numberimpossible to predictrandom sequence (of numbers)as

utilization, making use of

in other words, that isreal number

the whole (set), the entire (body)field {math}

complex numberisomorphismmapping, image

small scalerandom number tablelike, such as

random, stochastic, statisticalmechanism, unit, organizationdepending upon , due to , as a result of ,

by means of other

various stochastic quantitiesall

suitable, adequate, appropriateconversion, transformationcreation, generation, formation, production

0.5) connective form + It:\¢

1'Y/\/0)

?'~4==r ry

~~9-=f::/

statistical method/techniquerandomization

various stochastic phenomenamultiple integration

multivariable functionoptimum valuecalculation, computationcomputer algorithmefficiency measurement

to userandom error

to include, to containapproximation, approximate calculationgeneral

Monte Carlo method

to call, to name

a certain , a particular

substitution

to allow, to permitletter, character, symbolvariable

unique

in particular, particularly, especially

to perform, to accomplish, to do, to makecommutative (field)

to correspond to , to be equivalent to coincidence, matching

mathematical subject/object

G~93r)tJ/'Ar)

*r)y=\=-each (mathematical) elementquantitative

to express, to represent, to show, to indicatemeans, device, contrivance, arrangement, plot, planon/within a set

coordinate systemvalue

tangible, specific, definitemode, method, form, system

to show, to indicateexplicit function0.8) representative form of a verb

in order to, although

a great quantity of, a great number ofcost, expense

longtime

to require, to involve (time or money)measurement

itselfdifficultchange in conditionsinfluence

enormous, profound, very greatreason

impossiblefor examplemechanical oscillationproblem, issueequivalentelectric circuit

to handle, to treat, to deal withheat conduction

mechanical system

to replace, to substituterecurrence fonnulaascending orderdescending orderstable

unstable

0.9) tentative form of a verb

<t!.9

quality characteristicsstandardizationhuman being, personsense, the sensesevaluation, assessment, ratingsimple, easy

uniform, homogeneoushypothesis, supposition, assumptionunder conditions

to carry out repeatedlyobservation

or, from to , between and some number, a few

observed valuewe

some kind ofinformationpurpose, goal, targetunknown

quantity, amountjudgement, decision

to pass (judgement)0.10) desiderative form of a verb

I.1:/

:/:Y;L

9<t~v~

o ~j]1G-C b~t~

to divide, to separatesecrecy

to protect, to guard,

to abide by (a rule), to observe (a custom)message

plaintextkeyencryption, enciphermentciphertext

ultimate, eventual

to compose, to assemble, to braid, to put together

in place ofnatural languagefunctionindicating, designatingstrong, robust, powerfuldemand, wish, request

1.1) c:lt~?;

Lesson 1: Mathematics I (numbers and sets)

c:1¥~; C:~9Q

positivenegative

-17 1 e-1 7-1 1)

always {with affirmative predicate}

a certain , a particular

natural numberordinary differential equationinitial value problemsolution

uniquenesstheorem

at leastone (of several), on the one hand, howevermeaning

matrix

1.5) l~etQ; l~et ":>-c; l~et0

only, exactlydefinitionstandard, datum, referencescale, measure

to measureeach/every pointcoordinates

to give, to impartrange

to let be , to treat as

independent variablefunction

parametric representation

it sometimes happens that , sometimes

real partimaginary part

to belong (to)general consideration, prevailing viewreally, truly, entirely, completelyoften , frequently

inclusionproperty, characteristic

to possess, to havesubject, object, target(the study ot) symbolic logicall, every

field, disciplinecommonlogicalreasoning, inference

::z.t7I//:J

J.'7 1/ / "Y :z '7:J~'7 AI//:J

AI//~.:z.'7::Jt7 -~3'7

-~

;f3 rJ~7 ~)1;

J:::~7 r-)~

research(the study ot) logicbranch, field, sector

propositioncoming into being, formation, validitysquare matrix

equal

scalar matrixzero matrix

furthermoreinitial stage, early periodresearch on machine translationcomplexity

translation of languagedifficulty

underestimation, undervaluationmany

confrontation, facing directly

in accordance with , conforming to distribution

average value(empty) space, void, nullspecific, specified

for examplefinite/countable numberfinite set

infinite/uncountable numberinfinite set

on

-thorderrow vectorrow vector

to maintain, to preserve, to keep, to holdmonotonically increasing function

bounded

supremum, least upper boundinfimum, greatest lower boundfundamental sequence

limitequationalgebraic equationnot limited/restricted to

rootnumerical calculation/operation

to seek, to demandmethod, manner, techniquegeneral classificationnext, followingvariety, kind, sort

order, sequencetransitive law

in other words, that isautomatic controlclassical theory

in almost all casessingle inputsingle outputlinear feedback control system

howeverCouette flowcircular tube/pipePoiseuille flowlinear theoryrange, spanresult, consequence

to obtain, to acquire

real numberaxiomsystemthe whole (set), the entire (body)set, collection

to express, to represent, to show, to indicatenext

to state, to describe, to mentionvarious, many, several

property, characteristicfour basic arithmetic operationsconcerning , related to , for

with respect to , with regard to , for

Dc.'Jti~t 1J\t~G-r

7::L':7~~t1 :J t)tJ1t~

to be determinedcommutative lawassociative law

to be valid, to hold true, to consist offurthermore, moreover, in additionspecial

existencearbitraryfurthermoreproduct {math}

distributive lawall

above, no less than, greater than or equal todivision

to exclude, to except, to removeaddition, subtraction, multiplication and division

to carry out, to perform, to conductorder, sequence

amongonly onealways {with affmnative predicate}

total orderingor

to writeconcerning , regarding , for

furthermore, moreover, in addition

if, if it istransitive lawarithmetic operation, algorithmespecially, in particularpositive

negativeabsolute value

a certain , a particular

natural numberrational numberdensity

boundedsubsetsupremum, least upper boundinfimum, greatest lower boundclass, set, group

::L'77/A'7V'/

7/A'7V~

7/A'7t:3'7'j~7tJ.

no matter what/which, any

to takeeven if, even thoughterm

previousfundamental sequencelimit

completeness

random numberindependenceidentical, samedistribution

to follow, to obey, to conform torandom/stochastic variableactuaVobtained valuerecord, document, recordingfinite sequence (of numbers)random sequence (of numbers)or

random number tablesimple, naivedefinitionstatistical method/techniquerandomization

various stochastic phenomenamultiple integration

multivariable functionoptimum valuecalculation, computationcomputer algorithmefficiency measurement

to userandom error

to include, to containapproximation, approximate calculationgeneral

Monte Carlo method

to call, to nameerror

without includingsolution

definitiveldeterministicarithmeticlcalculation

investigation, pursuing (goal)

in terms of practical use, in terms of utilityoften, again and again

pseudorandom number

to indicate, to point to

small scalerandom, stochastic, statisticalmechanism, unit, organizationdepending upon , due to , as a result of ,

by means of

to make, to create, to prepare, to manufacturelarge scale

thermoelectronic noiseradioactivity

physical phenomenon

to base upon

impossible to predictas

utilization, making use ofhowever

in order for, for the purpose ofcomparative, relative

plain, simpleoperationcreation, generation, formation, productionperiodic sequence/series

use, usage, employmentcompared to , in comparison with

period,cyclesufficientlongwhether it be from one period/cycle to the next (or)partial

clear, apparent, evident, obviousregularity

distribution law

independence

statisticaltestsuccess, passing, eligibilityuseful

1)~/17-39//7 q:./~Tq:.tJ:

v/'.!717-39//7

~O)

:JJ 7 1)'Y Y 3 1) 3 9 7=t- I'9t~

35~G;0\~:9 Q O)-tu

however, provided that, heremachine language

worddiscrete uniform distributionapproximate

continuous uniform distributionother

various stochastic quantitiessuitable, adequate, appropriateconversion, transformationmonotone

continuous distribution functionall we need to do is to calculatefor example

acceptance-rejection methodand so on, and so forth, etc

techniquecalculation efficiency

to raise, to liftdecade of the ' s, the ' safter that, thereaftermany

scheme, clever trick, ingenious solution

to perform, to accomplish, to do, to make

goodnessempirical, based on experience

to investigate, to examinesample testing

independence testingvarious statistical testsapplication

to handle, to treat, to deal withfinite sequence

variable sample

to regard, to considerseries

(just) as it isclassificationvarietymultidimensional uniformityeasy, simple

weakness, fault, shortcoming

to clarify, to make clear

to desire, to wish for

in other words, that is

to determineadditionmultiplicationzero elementunit elementcommutative fieldusually, generally, ordinarily

to correspond to , to be equivalent to coincidence, matching

field {math}

isomorphismmapping, imagehenceforth, from now on

to put into the same class, to consider togethersubfield

same way, same type, same kindsimply, merely, solely

the abovesimple, meresymbol

we may consider, we may viewreal part

imaginary partimaginary numberpurely imaginary numbercomplex conjugate

intuitionthoughtsubject, object, targetamong

fixed/constant range

to considerrange, spanwithin, insideindividual, separateelement

elementinclusionnegation, "NOT"

0 / 1) jf7

7~.::c/ Aryl)0 / 1)jf 7

tJ)tc.~ -e/~3ry~1Y'~1 'J/~-1 ~-1~l1

infinite/uncountable numberinfinite set

ardproper subset

symbolic logic(the study of) symbolic logicmathematics

all, everycommonlogicalreasoning, inferencemathematical symbolismresearch

(the study ot) logicbranch, field, sector(the study of) mathematical logic(the study ot) mathematical logic(the study ot) theoretical logiceach, every, respectivetheory

conjunctionimplicationequivalentequivalent

at leastone (of several), on the one hand, howevercoming into being, formation, validitymeaning

form, shape, figure, typeuniversal propositionexistential proposition(al)together, in all, collectivelytransfinite proposition

logical symbol

Lesson 2: Mathematics II (matrices, variables and functions)

thereforetotal matrix algebra(void) spaceintroductionbasic figurespecialized field/disciplinehistory

based on , on the basis of

narrow2.2) ~tt~tt; ~tt~tto)

:';'YJ]/'A'7 77'JJ]/'A'7 J] 1 e =t- 7 =t- tJ:

71:¥1=t-<bG<

:/'Y'ArJr7J/'Ar) 77'J'A'7:r7J/'A'7

:Lr)I)'Ar)

symmetric matrixalternating matrixskew-symmetric matrixantisymmetric matrixdomain (of a function)real function

complex functionanalytical

in detail, at length, precisely, exactlyreal-valued function

complex-valued function

rational numberimaginary unititself, oneself

additive group

~~1ntJ1

~rJtJ/'ArJ

nth orderderivativeseries

;t939

v'Y~-V 7-1~/A't:39

to cite, to mention, to list, to raise, to increase

map projectiongraphical calculationdescriptive geometrycoordinate conceptapplicationrectanglearrangement, layoutpropositionduring, in the midst ofenlargement, magnification

(railway) trainnomogramexample, instance, sample

horizontal ("left-right") alignmentrow

vertical alignmentcolumn, seriesthe above (mentioned)abbreviation

sometimeslog paperprobability paperstochastic paperconvenienceapplication, use

to fit, to suit, to be suitable

number of columnsnumber of rowsthis

item, article, sectionbelow, no greater than, less than or equal to

creating, producing, drawing up

concept, notion, general ideagraphical

to make something easy to seecoordinate axis

ordinary, common, normalreal number line

we do not take as

functional scalescale, gradations, graduationnth

straight linebothpoint

to regard, to considerleft (hand) side

in fact, actual, practical, realorder, rank

~FPJ~~ t::tJtJ/5'~ noncommutative field

3'71/

Euclidean planeintersecting at right angles, orthogonalunit

lengthrectangular coordinate systemalgebraic

target machine {computer science}

generalityvirtual machine {computer science}

designreal machine {computer science}

implementation, materialization, realization

regular

to satisfy, to fulfill, to fill (up)single valued, monovalentsystematic

bias, inclination, deviationtendency, trend

to carry out repeatedlyfluctuation, variationaccidental, by chancefactor

only, solely

to base upon

relational database

he

field equation, equation for a fielddeformation, transformationwave equation

\\lave (motion)electromagnetic wavetransverse waveelastic scatteringincident/incoming particlescatterer particle

point ofdiscontinuitysingular point, singularitycoefficient

Boltzmann equationinvoking, quoting7claimingentropy

lightray

direction7orientation

toreverse.,todobackwardsanterior to\vard the frontposterior, toward the backfocal point

~'YA9~1 7?'JAry~1

it often happens that

on

{counter for many small objects }such as the following

rectanglearrangement, layoutconstruction, compositioncomponent, element

to call, to namethe above (mentioned)more precisely

m x n matrix, matrix of (m, n) type-thorder

square matrixrectangular matrixsometimes

horizontal alignmentrow

vertical alignmentcolumn, serieslike , as

abbreviationdiagonal matrix

equal

scalar matrixonly one row

to consist of , to be made of row vector

row vectoronly one columncolumn vectorcolumn vector

each

matrix operations/arithmeticequal to each other

bothformal, in terms of formreally, truly, entirely, completelyboth

~/jJ7:¥3ryV~

~t:3'7Euclid~1 ~/

if we do so, thereupon, then, soconcerning , regarding

additive groupthereforetotal matrix algebraoften , frequently

unit matrixlike , such as

zero matrix

in the same wayall, entirely, altogether, thoroughlylinear combination

uniquerelationmatrix unitinverse matrix

to have, to possessregular matrixinvertible matrixif

commutative (field)

in order for , for the purpose of condition

determinantinvertible element

in particular, particularly, especially

to substitute, to replacetransposed matrixrespectivelysymmetric matrixalternating matrixskew-symmetric matrixantisymmetric matrixlower triangular matrixupper triangular matrix(al)together, in all, collectivelytriangular matrix

coordinatesEuclidean planepoint

Aryl) 3 ry :¥-v 7 ,:

711*/

:A717=t-tJ:

~{>9<9~

~ry=.:Lry V'Y~-v

to obtain, to acquireboth

real number line

to regard, to consider

to drop, to lowerperpendicular lineleg

a certain , a particular

mathematical subject/objecteach (mathematical) elementquantitative

means, device, contrivance, arrangement, plot, planon/within a set

with respect to , with regard to ,

to correspond to

quantityconverselyconcept, notion, general ideagraphical

to make easy to seeintroduction

it sometimes happens that , sometimes (railway) train

nomogram

in this wayexample, instance, samplemap projection

graphical calculationdescriptive geometrythis kind of, this sort ofcoordinate conceptapplication(void) spacebasic figuredesignation, specification, assignmentorigin

coordinate axisstandard, datum, referencescale, measure

to measureeach/every pointfurthermore, and yet, stillapplication, use

l:tlC:5lt~L it~lt~

for the sake of for thepurposeof

to fit to suit.tobe suitablemade in orderto made forthepurpose of

function

general consideration, prevailing view

univalentcorrespondence~unique correspondence

most

broad~widesingle-valued functionmany-valuedlmultivaluedfunctionspecialized field/discipline

historybased on " 7on the basis of

narrowanalyticalfield7disciplinevalue

in detail,atlength, precisely, exactlyreal-valued function

type~variety, species

distribution~hyperfunctionalgebraic

structurecorresponding to

toimposename

for example

rangebothevenfunctionodd function

~~T

-tV

V~/

""-/1:f-V'Y""-/Ar7 77'.J""-/Ar7

=:Jr)7J'/7-1 -1 '/7J'/A?

:f-3 I)

ordered relation

to maintain, to preserve, to keep, to holdmonotonically increasing functionfamily of functions

indexed by

family of functionssequence of functions

substitution

to allow, to permitletter, character, symboldomain

itself, oneselfreal variablecomplex variablespecific, specifiedconstant

independent variabledependent variable

to write out, to express in writingtangible, specific, definitemode, method, form, system

to show, to indicateexplicit functionbinary relationimplicit function

to give, to impartparameterparameterparametric representationCartesian product

differential equationfalling bodymotionfree fallobject, bodytime(with)in

distanceexactlyfall

if we suppose

accelerationfixed, constant

~-1~3(J) t:7~/t:t-7~/jj 7 t/7T=t::¥3'7t:t-'7/~ry*'7T-1~:t­

1::t/71

discovery

to solvebeginning, outset(together) with

differential and integral calculuspioneering work,path-b~eakingachievementequation of motion

second order differential equationnatural laws, laws of naturesimple, easy

differential lawtheory of differential equationssimultaneous, concurrentcreation, founding

ordinary differential equation

n times differentiablenth order

derivativeidenticalrelation, equationleft (hand) sideconcerning , regarding , for

continuityclass(real) analytical nature

a certain degree, a certain extentregular property

assumption, supposition, hypothesissatisfaction

to find (out), to discoverpartial differential equationpartial derivative

equalitygeneric name, general termthis

item, article, sectionbelow, no greater than, less than or equal to

a character in a written language

to omit(we) have decided to

in fact, actual, practical, realorder, rank

rational integral expressiondegree

linearnonlinear

=t-377/T

1) 3 '73'70) n"/3'7

Y.::t)V1

Y/~'7

~: Gt~n~J-C(71) /\~~/

3 0

-linear ordinary differential equationknown function

unknown functionhomogeneousinhomogeneousinitial value problemuniqueness

theoremintervalcomplex planeregion, domain, areacoefficient

continuousregularpathalong

analytically continuableinitial conditionfurthermore, in additionsingle valued, monovalentpoint of discontinuitysingular point, singularity

it is known that

seriesconvergencedivergencenthpartial sumdistinction, differentiationfinite series

previously stated, above-mentionedinfinite sequence

infinite seriesmainlylimiting valueboth kinds ofcommon usevariety, kind, sortoscillation, vibration

in accordance with , conforming to monotonically diverging, unboundedmain, principal, chief

to cite, to mention, to list, to raise, to increase

to remove, to take awayeven if we insertproperty of convergence

to continue, to occur in successionsome number, a few

at a time, at once, in groups of parentheses, brackets, braces

to tie together, to bundle, to tie upthe original, the we started withoriginal series

not always , not necessarily

example