GPS world march 2014

Galileo Accomplishes In-Orbit Validation; GNSS Vulnerable: What to Do?; GLONASS Seeks Broader Worldwide Footprint; Launch Imminent Spirent’s SimSAFE Fights Signal Vulnerability; JAVAD TR

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Galileo Accomplishes In-Orbit Validation; GNSS

Vulnerable: What to Do?; GLONASS Seeks Broader

Worldwide Footprint; Launch Imminent

Spirent’s SimSAFE Fights Signal Vulnerability; JAVAD

TR-3 Receiver; Teleorbit Upgrades Simulation

Environment; IFEN Contract for Galileo Signal Test Bed;

Spectracom Program for Application-Specific Testing;

Spectra Precision SP-80 Uses Six GNSS Systems; Briefs

Receiver Survey Correction 28

OPINIONS & DEPARTMENTS

In GPS World’s annual Simulator Buyers Guide, we feature simulator

tools, devices, and software from six prominent companies.

SIMULATORS AND TOOLS

For Multiple Constellations and Frequency Bands

The design and verification of a new class of portable wideband

record-and-playback system considers the relative merits and

limitations of both simulator and record/replay approaches The

authors also discuss the benefits of the different test approaches

to the development and characterization of various GNSS

Linux processor

Upconverter

Internal disk Removabledisk

User Display/keys

RF in from antenna

RF out to receiver

Computer I/O

SIMUL ATOR SPECIAL

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2 Centimeter-Level RTK Accuracy More and More Available — for Less and Less

(Survey Scene newsletter)

INSIGHTS

3 Who Carries the Gold Standard Now?

(GNSS Design & Test newsletter) INSIGHTS

4 Samsung Connects Fans with Sochi Olympic Games App

LATEST NEWS

NEWSLETTER COLUMNS NOW AVAILABLE AT GPSWORLD.COM/EDITORIALS

an apparent gold standard for position, navigation and timing But BeiDou is strictly a regional system, and while the published (30-year-

old) standard for GPS is 6 meters under the same conditions,

this is merely a standard, a never-to-exceed boundary, and

not an actual URE measurement GPS has always provided

significantly better than 6 meters accuracy, with a reasonable

age of data, while the GPS numbers for URE have significantly

improved on a consistent basis since 1978 and today are the

best in the world for any global PNT system

The public data clearly shows that the GPS system is every

bit as accurate as — indeed comparatively nominally much

more accurate than — BeiDou Longevity and dependability

are merely two of the factors that make GPS the true PNT

Gold Standard

The Gold Standard:

Industry, Agency, Research & Development

Subscribe for FREE at www.gpsworld.com/subscribe

Advertiser inquiries to scopley@northcoastmedia.net

GNSS Design & Test, by Alan Cameron

Who Carries the Gold Standard Now?

Wireless/LBS Insider, by Kevin Dennehy

Connected Vehicles Highlight Mobile World Congress

GSS Monthly, by Eric Gakstatter

Will the Next Industrial Revolution Be Bigger than the First?

Professional OEM, by Tony Murfin

“Trusted” Progress Report: Making Sense of Sensors

Survey Scene, by Eric Gakstatter

Centimeter-Level RTK Accuracy More and More Available — for Less and Less

GeoIntelligence Insider, by Art Kalinski

CycloMedia: Geo-Referenced Measurable Street-Level Imagery

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THE GSG SIMULATOR SERIES BY SPECTRACOM

Ease-of-use and affordable functionality earned our

GPS/GNSS simulators a place on the industry's production test

benches Now our fully configurable, field-upgradeable

platform moves into R&D laboratories to test the

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• Assisted-GNSS for consumer devices �

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US Government & Defense

All Constellations in One System

Spirent Federal Multi-GNSS Simulators

Spirent’s unrivalled experience and expertise in GNSS lation ensures accurate results that customers trust and rely

simu-on to evaluate their products and applicatisimu-ons.

Our Multi-GNSS simulators enable controlled, repeatable performance testing throughout the development, integration, verification and production of GNSS devices Spirent multi- GNSS test systems are approved for classified signal testing Spirent is the industry leader in fidelity, dynamic, and support.

For further information, contact us today.

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www.gpsworld.com

Published monthly

that smartphone users will

tolerate diluted privacy —

specifically, privacy of their own

location — in return for the many

advantages delivered by the

location-based services on their devices This

conventional wisdom, I put it to you,

has been disseminated over the years

by conventional wisemen, that is, those

selling the services and the devices

Users themselves have not, in the

full awareness of their situation, been

sounded or heard from Now murmurs

bubble to the surface

Five researchers at Rutgers

University recently published a paper,

“A Field Study of Run-Time Location

Access Disclosures on Android

Smartphones,” based on work supported

by the National Science Foundation

The paper describes how they created an

application to inform users which other

apps are mining their GPS location data,

and then asked users how they felt about

this

Participants took various actions to

manage their privacy These included

uninstalling apps, stopping the use of

some apps, reducing the time using

some apps, and searching through apps’

setups to disable location accesses

“[They] appreciated the transparency

brought by our run-time disclosure

method,” the researchers state “They

wanted to continue receiving the

notifications after completing the study

Most participants reported having

trade-offs between location privacy and the

convenience of using their apps We

observed that some participants would

rather give up the convenience to protect

their location privacy.”

First, the researchers had to figure

out how to provide the information to

project participants; in other words, how

to let them know who was watching

them and tracking their movements?

“[Although] there is no obvious

way for a normal Android app to

monitor whether other apps are accessing location, we discovered

we could exploit the method

getLastKnownLocation available in the

Android Location API for this purpose.”

Participants — those in the know,

at least — described the study as “an eye opener.” In one of the most telling details, delivered in the paper’s last sentence, we find out why The study encompassed two groups: one was shown that other apps accessed their data, and the other group was only informed of this after the project was completed “The No Disclosure group were generally not aware of what was happening on their own phones.”

Caveat orator.

In other news, I am happy and proud

to announce that former associate publisher Steve Copley is now full-on publisher of this magazine After a year in the traces (or should that be trenches?), Steve has ably reinvigorated business aspects of the operation, cleaned house, kicked buttstock, and taken names It is due and fitting that he now tackle further challenges

As I shall also, in my new role of group publisher While continuing to

do what I do, my purlieu extends more fully over geographic information systems and Earth observation, as well as new initiatives in the European

Earth Observation Report See page 4

Who’s Been Mining My Location?

GPS World’s

new publisher, Steve Copley

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The European Space Agency

(ESA) announced fulfillment

of the in-orbit validation (IOV)

of Galileo on February 10 IOV was

achieved with four satellites, the

minimum number needed to perform

navigation fixes

“IOV was required to demonstrate

that the future performance that

we want to meet when the system

is deployed is effectively reachable,”

said Sylvain Loddo, ESA’s Galileo

Ground Segment manager “It was

an intermediate step with a reduced

part of the system to effectively give

evidence that we are on track.”

Following a March 2013 first

determination of a ground location,

jointly by Galileo’s space and ground

segments, program managers

undertook a wide variety of tests all

across Europe

“More than 10,000 kilometers were

driven by test vehicles in the process

of picking up signals, along with

pedestrian and fixed receiver testing

Many terabytes of IOV data were

gathered in all,” said Marco Falcone,

ESA’s Galileo System manager

According to ESA’s elaboration on

the test results, the system has proved

itself capable of solely performing

positioning fixes across the planet

Galileo’s observed dual-frequency

positioning accuracy is an average

of 8 meters horizontal and 9 meters

vertical, 95 percent of the time

Its average timing accuracy is 10

billionths of a second Its performance

is expected to improve as more

satellites are launched and ground

stations come on line

For Galileo’s search-and-rescue function — operating as part of the existing international Cospas–

Sarsat programme — 77 percent of simulated distress locations can be pinpointed within 2 kilometers, and 95 percent within 5 kilometers All alerts are detected and forwarded to the Mission Control Centre within a minute and a half, compared to a design requirement of 10 minutes

“Europe has proven with IOV that in terms of performance we are at a par with the best international systems of navigation in the world,” said Didier Faivre, ESA director of Galileo and Navigation-related Activities

Historically Speaking In a February

2013 GPS World article, Peter

Steigenberger, Urs Hugentobler, and Oliver Montenbruck discussed

Galileo-only positioning “Using an ionosphere-free dual-frequency linear combination of pseudorange measurements on the Galileo E1 and E5a frequencies, the position of the TUME reference station [at the Technische Universität München (TUM) in Munich, Germany] could be determined with a 3D position error of less than 1.5 meters,’” the authors said

Crystal Ball Gazing The next two

Galileo satellites, of the full operational capability (FOC) class, currently complete their testing for flight clearance at ESA’s ESTEC facility

Six such satellites are destined to rise into space in 2014, according to ESA’s master plan Should all those launches occur as scheduled, Galileo’s initial services could start by the end of the year

Galileo Accomplishes In-Orbit Validation

Nucleus of Four Now Operational: It “Works, and Works Well”

▲FIGURE 1 Dual-frequency Galileo positioning performance during the In-Orbit Validation

phase: positioning accuracy is an average 8 m horizontal and 9 m vertical (95% of the time) Its average timing accuracy is 10 nanoseconds on average Plot courtesy of ESA.

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GPS World |

12

THE SYSTEM

Brad Parkinson, the founding architect

of GPS, told a UK conference that the

system needs to be made more robust

to ensure worldwide availabliity of

services to users His concerns over

GPS availability relate to threats such

as the loss of authorized frequency

spectrum (implicitly creating licensed

jammers), space weather due to

hyperactive ionospheric conditions,

and deliberate or inadvertent jamming

of GPS signals

He warned that GPS is more

vulnerable to sabotage or disruption

than ever before, and charged that

politicians and security chiefs are

ignoring the risk Western governments

are “in their infancy in recognizing the

problem,” he remarked further in an

interview with London’s Financial Times

“[In the United States] I don’t know

anyone that is really in charge of it The

Department of Homeland Security

should be [but] they don’t have any

people that understand it very well

They’ve got one person without any

budget to speak of.”

He also warned that Europe’s €5

billion Galileo system is equally at risk

Parkinson proposed a three-stage

program to:

◾ Protect (legally) the signal and physically eliminate jamming sources;

◾ Toughen the GPS/Galileo receiver’s resistance to interference;

◾ Augment the GPS signals with other satellites or with ground-based transmitters such as eLoran

To support his proposal, Parkinson stated, “The number one need for all GPS or Galileo users is availability Over the years, manufacturers of signal receiver technologies have focused too much on sensitivity and not enough on resilience or robustness

The maritime industry is a particular concern where users have taken GPS for granted They must increase preparedness and backups as they

do in aviation or other GNSS-using industries

“Even today, most ships have only GPS and the vision of their crew

to guide them when approaching harbors As you can see from today’s conference, there are a wealth of solutions to toughen and back up GPS, many of which are not technologically difficult nor expensive, but still their adoption in sectors such as global shipping is certainly not adequate.”

As part of his protection program, Parkinson urged that penalties for jamming GPS networks be coordinated worldwide “In Australia, if you cause interference likely to cause prejudice

to the safe conduct of a vessel, it’s five years in the jug [jail] and $850,000.” Contrasting this with a U.S case that may simply impose a forfeiture of the culprit’s jamming device, Parkinson added, “I’m calling for the community

of nations to move to the Aussie-type penalties.”

In the toughening regard, Parkinson alluded to integration of GPS data with information derived from an inertial positioning system “If you combine all of these things, a good set should

be able to fly within 1 kilometer of a jammer with a 10-kilometer range,” said Parkinson “That’s what I call toughening.”

Parkinson made his remarks as the keynote speech at GNSS Vulnerabilities and Resilient PNT 2014, hosted by the Royal Institute of Navigation He will also deliver the keynote address,

“Assured PNT: Assured World Economic Benefits,” for the European Navigation Conference on April 15 in The Netherlands

GNSS Vulnerable: What to Do?

Too Much Sensitivity, Not Enough Robustness, Says Parkinson

GLONASS Seeks Broader Monitoring Footprint; Launch Imminent

Russia will deploy as many as seven

ground monitoring and augmentation

stations for GLONASS outside its

national boundaries GLONASS/GNSS

Forum Association Executive Director

Vladimir Klimov stated that “It is

planned to deploy about six or seven

stations on foreign territories this year.”

Negotiations for the stations are now

taking place with foreign nations

Currently, there are 46 GLONASS

ground stations on Russian territory, eight in neighboring countries, three

in Antarctica, and one in Brazil The United States recently spurned, with some Congressional trumpeting,

a Russian tender to site one of the ground stations on U.S soil

New Instrument in Space In

mid-February, the most recent GLONASS-M satellite traveled to the Plesetsk cosmodrome for a probable mid-

March launch GLONASS-M 54 will carry a high-accuracy thermal stabilization unit, installed on the spacecraft for testing and flight qualification The next-generation K-class of GLONASS spacecraft will loft this device to provide increased positioning accuracy

Five GLONASS-M craft are planned for launch in 2014, in one triple and two single launches

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develop robust application-specific

testing solutions The program fills what

the company calls a technology and

expertise gap in providing customers

in a variety of industries the tools

to perform more comprehensive

qualification of their mission-critical

systems Examples of these industries

include:

◾ multi-constellation (GPS, GLONASS,

Galileo, BeiDou) simulation;

◾ integrated MEMs/INS testing;

◾ Interference detection and

mitigation (IDM) verification;

◾ assisted-GNSS (A-GPS) validation,

◾ hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) testing

for automotive applications;

◾ high-dynamic platform simulations

for aerospace and defense (UAVs,

“hardware-in-the-loop” verification, the company said

For instance, Spectracom’s new assisted-GNSS (A-GNSS) feature is designed to integrate with 3GPP/LTE testers to send “assistance data” directly

to the device under test The company takes a similar approach to testing RTK-enabled receivers with user-settable virtual base-station parameters.Spectracom aims to ensure its customers have the ability to easily use GNSS simulation as part of a comprehensive PNT testing solution

“More testing in the lab enables faster time to market, at a reduced cost and increased reliability,” said Rohit Braggs, Spectracom director of marketing and strategy Spectracom offers customers design and delivery of custom configurations and test systems unique

to their applications, the company said

▲Spectracom’s GSG-6 Simulator with

monitor.

A contract to design and to deliver an advanced multi-GNSS

constellation signal simulator and interface environment

testbed was awarded by the European Space Agency (ESA)

to IFEN GmbH in late 2013 The contract is concluded in the

context of the Signal Test Bed activities of the European GNSS

Evolution Programme

In addition to addressing the second generation of

Galileo, which is planned to provide higher accuracy and

signal robustness, the GNSS Signal Test Bed will include the

following capabilities:

◾ Flexible adaptability to all signal and message

standards, whatever the future may bring

◾ Extensive investigation of intentional signal

interferences

◾ Testing of GNSS signal performance in newly evolving

standards

◾ Generation of even more realistic test scenarios that

include background and intentional interference

◾ Refined scenarios of various distortions of GNSS

◾ Each band consists of a combination of a digital cascaded integrator-comb (CIC) filter and a digital finite impulse response (FIR) filter (up to 60-th order) for signal selection

◾ Two types of digital in-band anti-jamming filters (automatic 80th order and “user selectable” 256th order)

◾ Multiple channels to acquire and track each satellite signal For example, 20 channels can be assigned to acquire

IFEN Contract for Galileo Signal Test Bed

See JAVAD TR-3, page 27.

Nine GNSS Frequencies in JAVAD TR-3

» SURVEY / PROFESSIONAL OEM

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GPS World |

16

THE BUSINESS

TeleOrbit’s software-based GNSS multi-system performance simulation environment GIPSIE has recently been upgraded to multi-frequency scenarios including both Galileo and GPS

GIPSIE consists of two modules:

the satellite constellation simulator (SCS) and the intermediate frequency simulator (IFS) The SCS simulates the satellite orbits by using a sophisticated orbit integrator, including modeling

of environmental parameters such as satellite clocks, transmit power, antenna patterns, ionosphere, and troposphere

The IFS generates digital intermediate frequency signals, including the simulation of a user-definable radio frequency front-end

The addition of the new frequency bands and signals within the framework

of GIPSIE allows simulating system, multi-frequency scenarios (GPS L1/L2/L5 and Galileo E1/E5/E6) and real-time kinematic scenarios Besides the civil/open signals, the added signals include a Galileo PRS-like signal as well

multi-as the unencrypted GPS P-Code

Jamming Studies have shown the

threat of interfering signals to GNSS signals like jamming signals produced

by so-called personal privacy devices

By adding a GNSS Interference Analysis Tool (GIAT) to GIPSIE, it is now possible

to simulate these jammers on top

of the GNSS signals The jamming signals can be defined by the user and include a continuous wave jammer, a swept continuous wave jammer, and a frequency modulated jammer

GIPSIE will also soon include the possibility to simulate micro-electro-mechanical sensors (MEMS) with a dedicated noise model and GLONASS and BeiDou constellations and signals

Teleorbit Upgrades Simulation Environment

» OEM / SIMULATION

▲ The GIPSIE Interface.

Versatile OEM Receivers for Demanding Applications

www.septentrio.com

For radio interference

we’ve got your back.

Download your free copy

of our solutions whitepaper!

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interference

The new Spectra Precision SP80 GNSS receiver is designed for mainstream surveying and construction applications such as cadastral, topographic, control, stakeout, and network RTK It features Z-Blade GNSS-centric technology running on

a 240-channel 6G chipset and can use all six available GNSS systems (GPS, GLONASS, BeiDou, Galileo, QZSS, and SBAS) It can also be configured to use only selected constellations in an RTK solution (GPS-only, GLONASS-only, or BeiDou-only).The SP80 is compliant with the new RTCM 3.2 standard, including recently approved MSM RTCM messages, supporting all available GNSS corrections

Its communication capabilities combine a 3.5G GSM/UMTS modem,

Wi-Fi, and Bluetooth connectivity, and an optional transmit UHF radio The receiver’s built-in Wi-Fi and 3.5G modem can provide an Internet connection for RTK corrections and also send SMS or e-mails with system alerts

The SP80 features anti-theft technology to safeguard the receiver, and can detect if it is has been disturbed while in the field (for example, when operating as a GNSS base)

When the UHF transmit radio module is used, its UHF antenna remains protected inside the rugged rod, extending the radio range performance It is powered with dual hot-swap batteries for typical all-day operation

»SURVEY

Spectra Precision Receiver Uses Six GNSS

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Learn more: www.locatacorp.com mining.leica-geosystems.com

* Leica Geosystems Literature: http://bit.ly/wM5x8D 1 International Mining Magazine: http://bit.ly/1boyukv

THE WORLD’S FIRST

IT’S A GAME CHANGER IT’S SHIPPING *The world’s ﬁ rst next-generation wireless positioning receiver is here.

While everyone else

was standing around

talking about GNSS+

one of Locata’s

integration partners

was busy making it!

Delivering the future

Leica Mining and their Swiss colleagues are ﬁ rst to deliver what

is clearly becoming an inevitable future for wireless positioning

– the powerful combination of

“satellite+terrestrial” PNT signals giving one seamless GNSS+ solution It’s a world-ﬁ rst

achievement for Leica.

Unprecedented perfomance

Leica’s new GPS+Glonass+Locata

receiver treats terrestrial Locata signals in the Kalman Filter in the same way as signals from GNSS satellites It’s elegant and revolutionary and provides

spectacular performance to Leica’s

open-cut mining ﬂ eet customers

This is only the beginning

As our partners work to miniaturize Locata technology into next-gen GNSS+ chipsets they will create

more amazing new products for

many markets, including indoor and mobile In the process they will deliver new capabilities and a level

of control that satellite-based systems will NEVER achieve

Locata is a game changer GNSS can never be the same again.

Locata YOUR OWN GPS TM

TECHNOLOGIES CONTAINS

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Photo: Monterey County Visitors Bureau

TECHNICAL TRACKS: INERTIAL SENSING AND TECHNOLOGY | GNSS TECHNOLOGIES AND SYSTEMS | INTEGRATED APPLICATIONS OF SENSORS

AND TECHNOLOGY | SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY

Spirent’s SimSAFE Fights Signal Vulnerability

Spirent Communications’ SimSAFE software simulates

legitimate GNSS constellations along with spoofed

or hoax signals to evaluate receiver resilience and

help develop counter measures The military and critical

infrastructure — such as wireless networks, banking, and

utilities — are especially interested in being able to detect

and reject spoofing attacks

“The industry is beginning to talk more about vulnerability

and how we actually think about categorizing the threat,”

said John Pottle, marketing director of Spirent’s Positioning

Division “What approaches are there to evaluate performance

in the presence of interference signals? If you’re a developer,

what approaches are there to clean up your performance? ”

SimSAFE was developed in conjunction with Qascom, a

GNSS signal security and authentication company SimSAFE

provides a means of emulating a spoofing attack, and then

monitoring a receiver under attack to evaluate mitigation

strategies and countermeasures

The SimSAFE laboratory-based test solution is fully

controllable, so that users can evaluate a receiver’s response

to a wide range of spoofing attacks As Pottle put it, when fed both authentic and spoofed signals, “What’s the receiver going to see? It’s going to see the authentic signals, it’s going

to see a couple of spoofed signals And you can play around with the spoofed signals — that’s the controllable bit While this is happening, the detector module within SimSAFE

By Tracy Cozzens

See SimSAFE, page 27.

Tiêu đề	The Design and Verification of Portable Wideband Record-and-Playback System for GNSS Receivers
Tác giả	Steve Hickling, Tony Haddrell
Trường học	None specified
Chuyên ngành	Navigation and GNSS Systems
Thể loại	Khóa luận tốt nghiệp
Năm xuất bản	2014
Thành phố	Unknown

Định dạng
Số trang	52
Dung lượng	26,57 MB