mushrooms traded as food nordic questionnaire pptx

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Mushrooms traded as food

Including guidance list on edible mushrooms suitable iarketing, For industry, trade and food inspection

@ norden

Mushrooms traded as food

Nordic questionnaire, including guidance list on edible mushrooms suitable and not suitable for marketing For industry, trade and food inspection

Jorn Gry (consultant), Denmark, Christer Andersson, National Food Administration, Sweden, Lulu Kriger, Danish Veterinary

‘and Food Administration, Birgitte Lyrdn and Laila Jensvoll, Norwegian Food Safety Authority, Nima Matilainen and

Annika Nurdiia, Finnish Food Safety Authority Evira, Finland, Grimur Olafsson, Public Health Authority of Hafnarfordur and Képavogur, Ieland and Bente Fabech, Danish Veterinary and Food Administration (chairperson)

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Content

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2 Questionaire and gulanc ss on mushrooms sutableand ne suable se food in tate nt res isl {4 Lagislton an inoue contol an documentation 15

‘Questionnaire control industry trade and ood inspection 16

1 Introduction

Mushrooms are traditionally used as foodstufs, both commercially and privately Some edible mushraoms are cultivated like Oyster Mushroom And Button Mushroom, while others ike Chanterelle and Cep are grow Ing wild and collected in the nature Both the cultivated and the wild rmushrooms are commercially available,

‘Mushrooms are sod fresh or as products ik dred, edible fun (in

<luding freeze-dried fungi, fungus grits, fungus powder), pickled fungt, salted ung, ermented fung, fang) in vegetable ols, quick frozen fun sterilized fung, fungus extract fungus concentrate and dried fungus concentrate or as ingredients of foods realy-ta-eat

‘This projects focusing on mushrooms sold commercially as fod, It

Is the al to give guidance on edible mushrooms to industry and trade And tothe public food inspection!

The guiding tools are a questionnaite and as support, guidance lists

‘on mushrooms, hased on risk assessments of published scientific re search (Volume B

‘More background Information is available inthe background report Volume i section 1 and 2

Volume I, section 1 has also more details on mushrooms, contami

‘nants, intoxications an legislation

‘Volume Il ection 2 covers the risk assessments on more than 100 ind vidual species inthe four lists with scientific references on which the a ssssmehts are based Petres ofthe mushrooms in ist re also included

‘The goal forthe publication is to improve the in-house control and thereby the safety of traded mushroom as food

‘a aay aire geen ek yo

‘Ths is the common ground in the EU legislation on food

‘The European Food Law, Regulation (EC) No 178/2002 defines

“food” {or“oodstuf”) as “any substance or product, whether processed, partially processed or unprocessed, intended to be, oF reasonably ex pected to be ingested by humans” Many mushroom species are only sultable for use as food after processing

‘Knowledge of "whats edible” is essential and so is correct identifi tion of mushrooms traded as food, Knowledge has to be updated as the available information of adverse effects after ingestion of some mush room species is developing, Furthermore, the numberof species sod as

‘edible mushrooms seems to increase

‘Advice on safe use of mushrooms

+ Eaton mushrooms which ou are 100% suet you can engine

+ Satonly mushyoons, whicharegenrallyrcognzd as ble

Do ot et mushrooms raw, as many mushrooms may cus discomfort torch pan featn ra

+ Dont et spoiled mushrooms

“+ When eatinga new species fa mushroom fo the st ine, avays stare up

‘tha smal pction in re to minimize the posible isk Fraley oth:

er hyparsensty reactions

Poisonous mushrooms

Mushrooms cover both edible species, ike Boletus species (eg Cep) and acutely or even deadly poisonous species like Deatheap (Amanita phal- Ioides) Other species of mushrooms contain compounds, which may

‘have long-term effets (e4 induce tumours) oF toxins that cause intox

‘ations of less serious outcome, More common effects are nausea, stom ach pan, and hypersensitivity reactions to mention afew effets

8 Mushrooms raed as food

‘Thus [tis important to have a good overview ofthe local mushroom

‘market As the global interchange of foods is increasing, new mushroom specles might appear on the Nordic market All these Issues require _uidance for responsible in-house control in trade and industry as well

sn the publi food Inspection in order to ensute fod safety

‘Whether fod items are safe to ext of nati to large extent based on knotted gathered during centuries However, the assessment of food safety shouldbe based on a modern approach to risk assessment based

‘on data avalabe nthe selec literature

In Eutope, foods that are new on the European matket are covered bythe Novel Food regulation A short overview of relevant legislation {sin Annes!

Mushroomstraielasfeod 9

2 Questionnaire and guidance lists on mushrooms suitable and not suitable as food in trade and industry

‘The questionnaire and the gukdance lists are tools for business opera

‘rs, who have the responsibilty to ensure both identiieation and saety

‘of traded mushrooms: The lists ae also meant to be a tool for the food inspection in guidance of in-house control

‘mistaken for poisonous mushrooms (Took-alikes")

Al mushroom species listed in the guldance lists have been risk as sessed taking Into consideration published sclentie information and

‘other data available These referenced risk assessments are available for

‘ach individual mushroom species in the background report (Volume I section 2) To facilitate the use ofthese guiding lists appropriate pictures

‘ofthe various mushroom species listed have been included in the Ist 1 However, the appearance of a mushroom differs, so more tools should

he used for safe ientieation

The lists 1 and 2 caver mushrooms that ate or may be traded in most Nord countries, but the sts are not exhaustive, Mushrooms which are

not on the list 1 and 2 might he traded legally, fin compliance with the Food Regulation, but food inspectors should in these cases require risk assessment from the responsible business operators, Such risk asses

‘ments should cover sclentific documentation equivalent tothe guidance

In Volume Il or w the requirements in the Novel Food regulation,

Finland has national legislation? on edible mushrooms suitable for marketing All mushrooms collected or grown and mushroom products produced in Finland have to meet the requirements There are about 24 Aiferent mushroom spectes on the list In Finland is only allowed to collect those mushraoms mentioned on the lst for marketing purposes

‘only The legislation is not applicable for Imported mushrooms

12 Mushrooms raed es ood

3 Identification

‘A correct identification of a mushroom species isa cormerstone in the

‘sk assessment as it implies an evaluation of whether a specific mush room is an eb species a toxic species or maybe a “look-alike to ot -sonous mushroom species

Industry and trade responsible for selling mushrooms a foods must be able to clearly Mentify the species sold For imported mushrooms, they have to have sold documentation from their suppliers in other countries,

‘that the mushrooms sold are identined by people with appropriate knowledge This is important also for all preparations of mushrooms, in

‘luding the dried musheooms entation requires special knowledge

nd expertise especially the identification of dred mushrooms

{As some mushrooms are toxic is essential to know both the Kent

ty of the edible species and the none-edible “look-alikes” and other mushrooms

‘Mushroom collectors in exporting countries and private collectors selling wo restaurants must have the shill Co dently the rousheooms and

to distinguish them from notedible or even poisonous mushrooms.) Mycological training is essential forthe identification

‘Up-todate information on mushroom identification is found in new handbooks, electronic media ete and not atleast by consulting myeolog tea experts, See also Volume I section 1

4 Legislation and in-house

control and documentation

{Ashore overview on relevant EU and national legislation and a short in troduction to in-house conto in trae ad industry are ven in Annex

‘More detailed information and risk assessments of mushrooms inthe four lists ate in Volume I, see wwwenordenong

Questionnaire for the control by industry, trade and the food inspection

Company name and address

Person responsible forte control

Date forthe contrat

esirooms aed sot

5 Guidance lists

“The names of the mushrooms in the Guidance lists are the preferred

<sclentifienames (common slentifie synonyms in brackets)

When available, the preferred English name is given, whereas common English synonyms and tad names (with hyphens) are given in brackets

“The nomenchture used is further explained in Volume section 2

1-02 Agrius bisporus (A hortensts A branmescens)

(Catveted Mushroom (Button Mushroom)

+

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‘dite ‘tmee ramet eat tn Muoomin hms neti ne tae amour Adena hb

‘tet ther onrgecananctn nema ee ery te) ees > loners ei mionne te Ete pea Fong atria {ndaneé seams tinea tte ev ewer ‘Sy acing and cout bani at at eee ence hye pets on

‘cts crane ron Baton Muse be gn

20 Mushrooms traded sod

1.03 albtreltus vin (Forest Lamb)

1-05 aurieuaria urea judo (2 aurea)

(ely EarJew’s Er, Judas’ Ear Pingus)

1-06 aureularia cornea (A povrieha) and other Aurtcularie species

Car speces)

22 Mushrooms rade sod

leas papas (2 pico) (Pine Blete Pie Cop)

Musirooms radedasfoot 28

1.09 Boletus etiultus (8 aestvalis (Summer Bolete(-Summer Cop)

24 Mushrooms raed as ood

1-11 cantar r patos (No Eg name) =

1-12 raters comucopoldes (Cantharelis cormueopoies)

Worn of Plenty (Back Chanterelle Blak Trumpet)

1-13 Craters hescens (Camthareltsaescens)

(Golden Chanterelle ‘Chanterelle jaune Autumn Chanterelle)

1-16 Craerattstubacforms(Canharellus tbecformts)

(trumpet ChantaraleChanterelgrsWintr Oantrel))

26 Mushrooms raed as ood

(Lions Mane’ Mushroom-Pom Pom’)

28 Mushrooms traded sod

1-19 dau repandum (Mood Hedgehog)

(Pied de Mower

1.20 ydnum rufescens (Terracotta Hedgehog)

Mushrooms tradedasfeod 29

1-21 ypstygus sp (Hn Leech) (Brown Beech Mushroom

‘White Beech Mushroom( Brown hime}-White shines")

1.22 Lenina eos (Lenin edodes) (Site)

20 Mushrooms traded sod

1.26 Morchella esculenta (More)

1.27 Pholiota nameho (Photo "Namelo’)

Mucirooms radedarfood 38

41-20 Plerotusctrinopleatus (The Golden Oyster ushroor)

34 Mushrooms raed as ood

1-32 paras crisp (Wood Caulfower)

36 Mushrooms raed as ood

1-34 Trcholoma matsutake(T.nauseasum) (Spey Knight Mts take’)

Musirooms radedasfoot 39

1-36 Tuber magnetum (White Taf’ Alba Tryp’)

1.37 Tuber melanosporum (‘Black Trae’ Black Winter True)

38 Mushrooms rode sod

1-38 Tuber snense "Chinese true (Fber indicum)

du nhe

1.39 Vohareta wvacea (Volara volacea}(‘Pady Straw Mushroom’ ‘Straw Mushroom)

Macirooms radedarfood 39

In the following lists, pletures are not inluded Pictures ofthese mush

‘rooms arein Volume I, section 2, see wiew:norden.org

40 Mushrooms raed as food

6 Index to the lists

“The mummbers in the index are constructed follows

4+ Number 1-01 refers to ist 1, mushroom no 01,

‘+ Number 2-01 refers to list 2; mushroom no 01 ete

Some ofthe mushrooms on the ists have not? name in Enlsh nd are

in the index under °Na English names",

¬

48 Mushrooms raed as food

Annex | — Overview on relevant

EU and national legislation and

‘+ National legislation or uldance on bioactive components

Genera Food Law: Mushrooms traded as food have to comply with the _generals requirements in the European Food Regulation, especially at cle 14, saying that food shal not be placed on the market if it is unsafe Furthermore, the following should be taken into account when assessing

‘whether any food may be"injurious to health

‘+ not only tothe probable immediate and/or short-term and/or long term elects ofthat food om the health of person consuming it but also on subsequent generations

‘tothe probable cumulative toxic effects

‘+ tothe particular health sensitivities ofa specie category of

‘consumers where the food is intended fr that category of consumers

Novel Food Regulation: Regarding a growing market on mushroom spe ies, it should be recognized, that in Europe, foods that are new on the European market are covered by the Navel Food regulation Ths regula tion states that foods that have nat been consumed within the Commun

ty toa significant degree before 15 May 1997 should be considered a Novel Food The Novel Foods have to be risk assessed before being al: Towed on the European market tsa farther complication that the take of various mushroom species snot well documented

‘National regulation on mushrooms: Some BU member states, Ike

‘Sweden, Finland, Belglum, Poland and France have national legislation

‘or guidance on edible mushrooms, The contents of inherent toxicants are not subject to harmonised legislation n the EU

Inchouse contrl is defined as the systematic measures taken by the business operators to ensure thatthe requirements set out concerning,

‘edible mushrooms are ule

‘The basis for sustainable production or import ks proper in-house

‘control of mushrooms (and other types of foodstuffs) atthe producers and importers Control should be based on HACCP, through relevant {documentation and proper identification of mushrooms also when used

In production of eg dred mushrooms orn ready-to-eat food

In-house control and documentation

Establishing relevant dacumtentation in the in-house control is an obliga ton nthe trade and industry taking into account the legal requirements Public food inspection can request as part of their contro

Documentation can he deserbed 2s

‘+ Decataton ofeompllance and

‘+ Supporting background documentation

Declaration of compliance is normally the statement/certifcate from a producer/exporter, while the supporting documentation would be the detailed information, eg, on details of analysis like detection limits, methods, sampling oF for mushrooms (information on sentiNeation

‘methods are qualification of experts involved inthis Furthermore, tox ological references could be part of the background documentation,

As such documentation is sometimes regarded as confidential, it should be assessable for public authority on request and used under normal confidentiality agreement

50 Mushrooms raed es ood