15 bài đọc hiểu tiếng anh

PASSAGE 1 THE MODERN CARS OF THE FUTURE Todays car are smaller, safer, cleaner, and more economical than their predecessors, but the car of the future will be far more pollution free than those on th.

PASSAGE 1

THE MODERN CARS OF THE FUTURE

Today's car are smaller, safer, cleaner, and more economical than their predecessors, but thecar of the future will be far more pollution-free than those on the road today Several new types

of automobile engines have already been developed that run on alternative sources of power,such as electricity, compressed natural gas, methanol, steam, hydrogen, propane Electricity,however, is the only zero- emission option presently available

Although electric vehicles will not be truly practical until a powerful, compact battery or

another dependable source of current is available, transportation expects foresee a newassortment of electric vehicles entering everyday life: shorter-range commuter electric cars,three-wheeled neighborhood cars, electric delivery vans, bikes, and trolleys

As automakers work to develop practical electric vehicles, urban planners and utility engineersare focusing on infrastructure systems to support and make the best use of the new cars Public

charging facilities will need to be as common as today's gas stations Public parking spots on

the street or in commercial lots will need to be equipped with devices that allow drivers tocharge their batteries while they stop, dine, or attend a concert To encourage the use of electricvehicles, the most convenient parking in transportation centers might be reserved for electriccars

Planners foresee electric shuttle buses, trains, and neighborhood vehicles all meeting at transit

centers that would have facilities for charging and renting Commuters will be able to rent a

variety of electric cars to suit their needs: light trucks, one-person three-wheelers, small cars,

or electric/ gasoline hybrid cars for longer trips, which will no doubt take place on automated

freeways capable of handling five times the number of vehicles that can be carried by afreeway today

Question 1 The following electric vehicles are all mentioned in the passage EXCEPT:

A trolleys B trains C vans D planes

Question 2 The author's purpose in the passage is to

A criticize conventional vehicles

B describe the possibilities for transportation in the future

C narrate a story about alternative energy vehicles

D support the invention of electric cars

Question 3 The passage would most likely be followed by details about

A the neighborhood of the future B pollution restrictions in the future

C automated freeways D electric shuttle buses

Question 4 The word "compact" in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to

A long-range B concentrated C inexpensiveD squared

Question 5 In the second paragraph the author implies that

A everyday life will stay such the same in the future

B a dependable source of electric energy will eventually be developed

C a single electric vehicle will eventually replace several modern of transportation.

D electric vehicles are not practical for the future

Question 6 According to the passage, public parking lots of the future will be

A more convenient than they are today B as common as today's gas stations

C much large than they are today D equipped with charging devices

Question 7 The word "charging" in this passage refer to

A parkingB credit cards C electricity D lightening

Question 8 It can be inferred from the passage that

A the present cars are more economical than their future generation

B electricity is the best alternative source of power as it is almost free of pollution

C the present electric engines are the best option as being practical

D many new types of practical electric engines have been developed

Question 9 he word "hybrid" in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to

A automated B hazardous C futuristic D combination

Question 10 The word "commuters" in paragraph 4 refer to

A cab drivers B visitors C daily travelers D shoppers

automated freeways = các con đường được tự động hóa

Question 4: B

concentrated = được tập trung

Question 5: B

a dependable source of electric energy will eventually be developed

Thông tin ở đoạn sau: “Although electric … and trolleys.” (Dù các xe bằng điện sẽ không thực

sự thiết thực cho đến khi các pin khỏe và rắn chắc hoặc một nguồn năng lượng đáng tin cậynào đó đi vào cuộc sống thường ngày: ô tô điện ngắn hạn, các ô tô ba bánh, xe tải chở hàngbằng điện, xe đạp và xe đẩy tay.)

Question 6: D

equipped with charging devices

Thông tin ở đoạn sau:”Public parking spots … a concert” (Các khu vực để xe công cộng trênđường hoặc ở các khu thương mại sẽ cần phải được trang bị các thiết bị mà cho phép người lái

xe sạc pin của họ trongkhi họ dừng lại, dùng bữa hoặc tham gia một buổi nhạc hội.)

Giganotosaurus family, being as closely related to it as a fox would be to a dog It is actually

not of the same family at all as the Tyrannosaurus Rex, being as different from it as a cat isfrom a dog The fossilized remains indicate that the animals lived about 100 million years ago.With needle-shaped noses and razor sharp teeth, they were larger than the Tyrannosaurus Rex,

although their legs were slightly shorter, and their jaws were designed to be better able to

dissect their prey quickly and precisely.

Question 1 The author states that the newly discovered dinosaur remains are evidence that it

was the largest

A dinosaur ever B carnivorous dinosaur.

C herbivorous dinosaur D South American dinosaur.

Question 2 The word Besides in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to

A in spite of B in addition to C although D mostly

Question 3 The word horrifying in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to

A frightening B large C fast.D interesting

Question 4 The word astounding in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to

A terrifying B pleasing C displeasing.D surprising

Question 5 The author implies that the most interesting fact about the find is that this dinosaur

A lived and hunted with others B had a powerful jaw and sharp teeth.

C was found in the Andes D was larger than Tyrannosaurus Rex.

Question 6 The passage indicates that prior to this discovery scientists believed that

A meat-eating dinosaurs lived alone B there were no meat-eating dinosaurs in the

Andes

C Tyrannosaurus Rex lived in the Andes D meat-eating dinosaurs were small in

stature

Question 7 The word “ it” in the second paragraph refers to

A newly discovered meat – eater B relationship

C Giganotosaurus D Dog

Question 8 The author states that the newly discovered meat-eating dinosaur is

A closely related to Tyrannosaurus Rex.B not closely related to Tyrannosaurus Rex.

C not closely related to Giganotosaurus D closely related to the large cat family Question 9 The word “dissect” in the last sentence is closet in meaning to

A dismember B swallow C chew D escape

Question 10 The word “prey” in the last sentence of the passage is closet in meaning to

A victim B enemy C dinosaurs D attacker

ĐÁP ÁN

1-B 2-B 3-A 4-D 5-A

6-A

7-C 8-B 9-A 10-A

LỜI GIẢI CHI TIẾT Question 1: B

Tác giả chỉ ra rằng: loài khủng long vừa được phát hiện là bằng chứng rằng chúng là loàikhủng long ăn thịt lớn nhất Thông tin ở câu đầu tiên trong bài: Scientists have discovered thebones of what may be the largest meat- eating dinosaur ever to walk the earth Các chọn lựacòn lại không chính xác:

Astounding – surprising (adj): đầy ngạc nhiên Các chọn lựa còn lại không phù hợp: A:

terrifying ( khiếp sợ, kinh hãi)

Các chọn lựa còn lại không chính xác:

B: Có quai hàm khỏe và răng sắc

C: được tìm thấy ở Andes

D: lớn hơn loài Tyrannosaurus Rex

Question 6: A

Trước khi có phát hiện mới này, các nhà khoa học tin rằng: Loài khủng long ăn thịt sống mộtmình Thông tin ở câu gần cuối đoạn 1: This discovery challenged the prior theory that thebiggest meat – eaters lived as loners and instead indicates that they may have lived and hunted

thức giả thuyết trước đó, rằng loài động vật ăn thịt lớn nhất này sống một mình, thay vào đó, chúng có thể sống và đi săn theo bầy.)

Các chọn lựa còn lại không phù hợp:

B: Không có khủng long ăn thịt ở Andes ( Thông tin ở hai câu đầu đoạn 1, việc phát hiện này được thực hiện tại Andes.)

C: Loài Tyrannosaurus Rex sống ở Andes ( Thông tin ở câu cuối đoạn 1, chúng sống ở

Bắc Mỹ ) D: Khủng long ăn thịt có vóc dáng nhỏ bé ( thông tin ở câu 3 đoạn 1: … the

dinosaur was huge…) Question 7: C

Từ “ it” trong đoạn 2 để nhắc đến “ Giganotosaurus” Các chọn lựa còn lại không phù hợp.The newly discovered meat – eater appears to be related to the “ Giganotosaurus family” , being as closely related to it as a fox would be to a dog

Question 8: B

Thông tin ở hai câu cuối đoạn 1: this discovery challenged the prior theory that the biggestmeat – eaters lived as loners and instead indicates that they may have lived and hunted inpacks The Tyrannosaurus Rex lived in the North America and was believed to hunt and livealone (phát hiện này đã thách thức giả thuyết trước đó, rằng loài động vật ăn thịt lớn nhất nàysống đơn lẻ, thay vào đó, chúng có thể sống và đi săn theo bầy Loài Tyrannosaurus Rex sống

ở khu vực Bắc Mỹ được cho rằng đi săn mồi và sinh sống một mình)

(B: phát hiện mới chỉ ra rằng loài khủng long ăn thịt không có họ với loài

Tyrannosaurus Rex) Các chọn lựa còn lại không chính xác:

A: Có họ với Tyrannosaurus Rex

C, D: Thông tin ở câu 1 đoạn 2: The newly discovered meat – eater appears to would be to a dog

Các chọn lựa còn lại không phù hợp:

at a 25 degree angle

3 Charles Seeberger, together with the Otis Elevator Company, produced the firstcommercial escalator in 1899 at the Otis factory in Yonkers, N.Y The Seeberger sold his

patent rights for the escalator to the Otis Elevator Company in 1910, which also bought

Jesse Reno’s escalator patent in 1911 [4] Otis has dominated escalator production since

that time, by combining and enhancing various designs including the cleated, level

steps still in use today The word “escalator”, which was at first a trademarked name,has become a common descriptive term

Question 1 What is the topic of the passage?

A the history of the escalator B the differences between elevators and escalators

C Jesse Reno’s inventionD how escalators work

Question 2 How long have elevators been produced as a mode of transport?

A more than 50 years B more than 75 years C more than 100 years D more than

150 years

Question 3 Which of the following is true of the 1900 Exposition Universelle in Paris?

A It showed how money could be made from this new ride

B It introduced the escalator to the world

C It showed how versatile wood is in making things

D It showed a new use for the steam engine

Question 4 Why has Otis been able to dominate escalator production?

A It is the only company to produce commercial escalators

B It has improved escalator designs

C It designed the first escalator

D It bought all rights to escalator patents by 1910

Question 5 The word “which” in paragraph 2 refers to

A Otis Elevator Company B patent

C rights D escalator

Question 6 Which is the best place for the following sentence?

“The first patent relating to an escalator-like machine was granted in 1859 to a

Massachusetts man for a steam-driven unit.”

A [1] B [2] C [3] D [4]

Question 7 The word “enhancing” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to

A selling B designing C improving D finding

Question 8 What can be inferred from the passage?

A The elevator was invented before the escalator

B The Otis Elevator Company is still producing escalators

C Escalators today are different from Jesse Reno’s

D all of the answers

Question 9 Why does the author mention Coney Island?

A The first escalator for practical transport was built there

B The first escalator was built there as an amusement park ride

C It was Jesse Reno’s hometown

D The Otis Elevator Company is located there

Question 10 Complete the summary of the passage below by choosing the answer that contains

the most important information

This passage discusses the development of the escalator Jesse Reno patented the first escalator as a ride in 1892 ………

A Escalators are very common today as novelty rides at amusement parks

B An escalator designed by the Otis Elevator Company won a prize at the Exposition 1900

in Paris

C The Otis Elevator Company was the first to make a commercial escalator and has

dominated escalator production ever since

D The Otis Elevator Company bought Jesse Reno’s and Charles Seeberger’s patents

A: chủ đề của bài đọc là gì?

A: lịch sử của thang máy cuốn; B: sự khác nhau giữa thang máy và thang máy cuốn; C: phát minh của

Jesse Reno; D: cách thang máy cuốn hoạt động

Câu đầu của đoạn cho ta biết đối tượng/chủ đề mà bài đọc bàn tới “Escalators are verycommon today in shopping malls, government buildings, amusement parks, and many otherlocations – ngày nay thang máy cuốn rất phổ biến trong các trung tâm mua sắm, tòa nhà chínhphủ, công viên giải trí và rất nhiều nơi khác”; hơn nữa ở các câu sau của đoạn 1 và đoạn 2 tathấy có tên của các nhà khoa học và các phát minh liên quan đến thang máy cuốn, cũng nhưcác mốc thời gian → chọn A

Question 2: C

C: thang máy đã được sản xuất như một phương tiện đi lại bao lâu rồi?

Thông tin trong bài “In 1892, Jesse Reno patented his moving stairs, or “inclined elevator” –vào năm 1892, Jesso Reno đã đăng kí bản quyền với cầu thang chuyển động hay “thang máynghiêng”” → như vậy thì năm nay là 2015, nên phát minh này đã được đưa vào sử dụng được

123 năm → chọn C

B: câu nào dưới đây là đúng về buổi triển lãm Vũ trụ (có thể để nguyên tên ExpositionUniverselle) ở Pari? (đây là thông tin không được nêu ra trong bài đọc, tuy nhiên hỏi câu hỏinày ở đây thì chắc chắn nó có liên quan chặt chẽ đến bài đọc)

A: buổi triển lãm chỉ ra tiền có thể được tạo ra từ chuyến đi mới này (→ câu này sai vì không

có “ride” nào ở đây cả); B: buổi triển lãm giới thiệu thang máy cuốn đến toàn thế giới; C: buổitriển lãm chỉ ra gỗ có nhiều tính năng để tạo ra các đồ dùng như thế nào (bài này cũng không

hề để cập đến “wood – gỗ” cả); D: buổi triển lãm chỉ ra một công dụng mới cho động cơ hơinước (câu D này cũng sai, bài này không có gì liên quan đến “steam engine – động cơ hơinước cả”) → như vậy chỉ có đáp án B liên quan chặt chẽ đến nội dung của bài → chọn B

Question 4: B

B: tại sao Otis có thể chi phối/thống trị việc sản xuất thang máy cuốn?

A: đó là công ti duy nhất sản xuất thang máy cuốn thương mại; B: công ti này đã cải tiến đượccác mẫu thiết kế thang máy cuốn; C: công ti này thiết kế thang máy cuốn đầu tiên; D: công tinày mua lại tất cả quyền đối với các bản quyền thang máy cuốn vào năm 1910

Thông tin trong bài “Otis has dominated escalator production since that time, by combiningand enhancing various designs including the cleated, level steps still in use today – kể từ đóOtis đã thống trị/chi phối việc sản xuất thang máy cuốn bằng cách kết hợp và nâng cấp rấtnhiều các thiết kế bao gồm cả các bậc mức được chêm hiện đang được sử dụng → như vậy docải tiến mà Otis có thể “dominate escalator production” → chọn đáp án B

Question 5: A

A: câu trong bài “The Seeberger sold his patent rights for the escalator to the Otis ElevatorCompany in 1910, which also bought Jesse Reno’s escalator patent in 1911” ta thấy “which” làchủ ngữ của động từ “bought”, và “which” đứng ngay sau “Otis Elevator Company” → whichthay thế cho Otis Elevator Company

Question 6: B

B: đâu là vị trí tốt nhất để đặt câu sau “bản quyền liên quan đến một loại máy giống như thangmáy cuốn đầu tiên được cấp vào năm 1859 cho một người đàn ông người Massachusette vớimáy chạy bằng hơi nước”;

Ta không thể đặt câu này ở vị trí [1] được vì câu này với câu sau nói về “escalator ngày nay rấtphổ biến…” không có liên kết gì với nhau cả; tương tự, nếu đặt ở [3] hoặc [4] thì cũng khôngtạo được liên kết với các câu sau về các công ti sản xuất thang máy cuốn; chỉ có vị trí 2 là phùhợp nhất vì các câu sau đều nói về bản quyền thang máy cuốn

D: ý nào sau đây có thể suy ra từ bài đọc?

A: thang máy được phát minh trước thang máy cuốn (câu này đúng vì “Charles Seeberger,together with the Otis Elevator Company, produced the first commercial escalator in 1899 atthe Otis factory in Yonkers, N.Y – Charles Seeberger cùng với công tit hang máy Otis đã sảnxuất chiếc thang máy cuốn thương mại đầu tiên vào năm 1899 tại nhà máy của Otis ở Yonker,

máy Otis đã có trước, suy rat hang máy “elevator” có trước thang máy cuốn “escalator”); B:công tit hang máy Otis vẫn hiện đang sản xuất thang máy cuốn (câu này đúng vì “Otis hasdominated escalator production since that time – Otis vẫn thống trị/ chi phối việc sản xuấtthang máy cuốn từ đó đến nay → tức hiện tại công ti này vẫn sản xuất thang máy cuốn); C:thang máy cuốn ngày nay khác với thang máy cuốn của Jesso Reno (câu này đúng vì Otis muabản quyền của Jesso Reno và còn cải tiến nhiều thì mới cho ra được thang máy cuốn như ngàyhôm nay “the Otis Elevator Company in 1910, which also bought Jesse Reno’s escalator patent

in 1911 [4] Otis has dominated escalator production since that time, by combining andenhancing various designs including the cleated, level steps still in use today)

Question 9: B

B: tại sao tác giả lại đề cập đến đảo Coney?

A: thang máy cuốn đầu tiên cho việc đi lại thực tế đã được xây dựng ở đó; B: thang máy cuốnđầu tiên được xây dựng ở đó như là một công cụ phục vụ cho chuyến đi dạo trong công viêngiải trí; C: đó là quê hương của Jesso Reno; D: công tit hang máy Otis được đặt tại đó

Thông tin trong bài “he created a novelty ride at Coney Island from his patented design: amoving stairway that elevated passengers on a conveyor belt at a 25 degree angle - ông đã tạo

ra một chuyến đi mới lạ tại đảo Coney từ thiết kế đã được cấp bằng sáng chế của mình: mộtcầu thang di chuyển mà nâng hành khách trên một dây chuyền ở một góc 25 độ” → như vậyđảo Coney là nơi mà “moving stairway (chính là phiên bản đầu của thang máy cuốn” được xâydựng như là “ride” cho hành khách → chọn B

Question 10: C

C: câu tóm tắt đã cho nói về đoạn 1, vậy nên câu tóm tắt phù hợp nhất cho đoạn 2 chỉ có thể làC

PASSAGE 4

Stellar Astronomy Stellar Astronomy Many parameters are used to describe a star One of them is its

temperature, which can be determined by simple observation; the color of a star and itstemperature are related Once the color of a star is identified, its temperature can be calculatedthrough the use of scientific principles such as Wien’s Law

There are different types of stars in the universe For our purposes, we can classify them intotwo categories: variable and binary Variable stars are those which show some degree ofvariability in their luminosity and magnitude Luminosity refers to the amount of energy

radiated by a star, while magnitude refers to its brightness.

At time the degree of variability may be high, requiring a telescope with an equally high gathering power This can be achieved by using a lens of large diameter, such as that of areflecting telescope Binary stars are those found in pairs that revolve around a common center.The closest star to the sun, Proxima Centauri, is a binary star To observe a binary star, theresolving power of a telescope – its ability to distinguish between two close objects having asmall angular separation – must be very high S tellar astronomy is possible for a everyone,

light-well beyond mere looking at the sky with the naked eye in order to identify constellations

With two basic of telescopes and rudimentary knowledge, much exploration can be achieved Question 1 What is the topic of the passage?

A Types of stars and how to observe them

B The differences between binary and variable stars

C Types of telescopes

D The color and temperature of stars

Question 2 The temperature of a star can be determined by its

A Size B Color C Movement D Luminosity

Question 3 Which of the following is true of variable stars?

A They vary in brightness

B They rotate around each other

C They vary in color

D The size of the telescope must vary in order to observe them

Question 4 Why does the author write that “stellar astronomy is possible for everyone”?

A To emphasize that it is easy to become an astronomer

B To encourage people to try observing stars

C To show that most people know a lot about stars

D To explain why astronomy is popular

Question 5 Why does a telescope need to have a high-gathering ability?

A To view stars which do not give off very much light

B To view stars with a high variability

C To support a lens of large diameter

D All of the above

Question 6 The word “parameters” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to

A Measurements B Laws C Categories D Numbers

Question 7 The word “ rudimentary” in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to

A Advanced B Formal C Basic D Important

Question 8 The word “radiated” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to

A Received B Sent out C Burnt D Controlled

The planet Earth is 4,600 million years old It is difficult for us to think about such anenormous length of time because it has little meaning for us We can, however, simplify theidea to make it more understandable We can compare a Planet Earth to a person of forty-sixyears of age

Nothing is known about the first seven years of this person’s life Very little information existsabout the middle period either It was only at the age of forty-two that Earth began to flower.Dinosaurs and great reptiles did not appear until one year ago, when the planet was forty-five.Mammals only arrived eight months ago In the middle of last week, man-like apes becameape-like man and began to communicate with each other Last weekend, the Ice Age coveredthe Earth

Modern man has only been around for four hours During the last hour man discoveredagriculture The Industrial Revolution and the rise of large cities began just sixty seconds ago.During that short time, modern man has made a rubbish tip of the Earth In one minute, he hasincreased his numbers to terrible proportions, and has caused the death of hundreds of species

of animals He has robbed and destroyed the planet in his search of fuels Now he stands, like aviolent, spoilt child, delighted at the speed of his rise to power, on the edge of the final massdestruction and of killing all the life which exists in the solar system

Question 1 The passage tells us that

A a great deal is known about how the Earth was created.

B life on Earth began relatively recently

C more is known about the first part of the Earth’s life than the middle part

D Scientists are well-informed about the middle part of the Earth’s life

Question 2 We are informed by the author that

A the dinosaurs appeared during the middle period

B mammals and great reptiles both appeared at the same time

C there were more than forty-five kind of great reptiles

D ape-like men appeared before the last Ice Age

Question 3 The author is mainly interested in

A the time when the man first evolved from apes

B what has happened since the Industrial Revolution

C the effects of farming

D the period before the last Ice Age

Question 4 It would appear that the main danger ahead is that

A man will destroy everything on Earth B man will use up all the fuels.

C there will be a population explosion D more species of animals may die out.

Question 5 he author’s general view of man seems to be that

A he has no right to be so destructive B he has been the most successful animal.

C he will be able to control the environment D he has learnt a lot from past mistakes.

organic foods- a term whose meaning varies greatly- frequently proclaim that such products

are safer and more nutritious than others

The growing interest of consumers in the safety and nutritional quality of the typical North

American diet is a welcome development However, much of this interest has been sparked

by sweeping claims that the foods supply is unsafe or inadequate in the meeting nutritionalneeds Although most of these claims are not supported by scientific evidence, thepreponderance of written material advancing such claims makes it difficult for the generalpublic to separate fact from fiction As a result, claims that eating a diet consisting entirely oforganically grown foods prevents or cures disease or provides other benefits to health havebecome widely publicized and formed the basic for folklore

Almost daily the public is besieged by claims for “no-aging” diets, new vitamins, and otherwonder foods There are numerous unsubstantiated reports that natural vitamins are superior tosynthetic ones, that fertilized eggs are nutritionally superior to unfertilized eggs, that untreatedgrains are better than fumigated grains, and the like One thing that most organically grownfoods products seem to have in common is that they cost more than conventionally grownfoods But in many cases consumers are misled if they believe foods So there is real cause forconcern if consumers, particularly those with limited incomes, distrust the regular food supplyand buy expensive organic foods instead.

Question 1 The “welcome development” mentioned in paragraph 2 is an increase in

A interest in food safety and nutrition among North Americans

B the nutritional quality of the typical North American diet

C the amount of healthy foods grown in North America

D the number of consumers in North America

Question 2 According to the first paragraph, which of the following is true about the term

“organic foods”?

A It is accepted by most nutritionists B It has been used only in recent years.

C It has no fixed meaning D It is seldom used by consumers.

Question 3 The author implies that there is cause for concern if consumers with limited

incomes buy organic foods instead of conventionally grown foods because

A organic foods can be more expensive but are often no better than conventionally grown foods

B many organic foods are actually less nutritious than similar conventionally grown foods

C conventionally grown foods are more readily available than organic foods

D too many farmers will stop using conventional methods to grow food crops

Question 4 According to the last paragraph, consumers who believe that organic foods are

better than conventionally grown foods are often

A careless B mistaken C thrifty D wealthy

Question 5 What is the author’s attitude towards the claims made by advocates of health

A: “sự phát triển được chào đón” được đề cập trong đoạn 2 là sự tăng lên về …

Thông tin trong bài “The growing interest of consumers in the safety and nutritional quality ofthe typical North American diet is a welcome development” – Chọn A

Question 2:

C: theo đoạn 1, điều nào đúng về thuật ngữ “thực phẩm hữu cơ”

Thông tin trong bài “organic foods- a term whose meaning varies greatly – thực phẩm hữu cơ– là một thuật ngữ mà ý nghĩa của nó thay đổi rất nhiều” → như vậy là thuật ngữ này không có

ý nghĩa cố định → chọn C

Question 3:

Organic foods an be more expensive but are often no better than conventionally grown foods

Thông tin ở đoạn sau: “One thing that most organically grown food products seem to have in common is that they cost more than conventionally grown foods But in many cases consumers

are misled if they believe organic foods can maintain health and provide better nutritional

quality than conventionally grown foods So there is real cause for concern if consumers, particularly those with limited incomes, distrust the regular food and buy only expensive organic foods instead.”

(Việc hầu hết các thực phẩm trồng hữu cơ có vẻ đều giống nhau là chúng đắt hơn các thựcphẩm trồng đại trà Nhưng trong nhiều trường hợp những người tiêu dùng đã bị đánh lạchướng nếu như họ tin rằng thực phẩm hữu cơ có thể bảo vệ sức khỏe và đem lại chất lượngdinh dưỡng tốt hơn các thực phẩm trồng đại trà Vậy nên có nguyên nhân thực sự cần quantâm, nếu như những người tiêu dùng, đặc biệt là những người có thu nhập hạn chế, không tintưởng vào thực phẩm bình thường và chỉ mua các loại thực phẩm hữu cơ đắt đỏ thay vì thế.)

Question 4:

mistaken

Thông tin ở đoạn sau: “But in many cases consumers are misled if they believe organic foods

can maintain health and provide better nutritional quality than conventionally grown foods.

So there is real cause for concern if consumers, particularly those with limited incomes, distrust the regular food and buy only expensive organic foods instead.”

(Nhưng trong nhiều trường hợp những người tiêu dùng đã bị đánh lạc hướng nếu như họ tinrằng thực phẩm hữu cơ có thể bảo vệ sức khỏe và đem lại chất lượng dinh dưỡng tốt hơn cácthực phẩm trồng đại trà Vậy nên có nguyên nhân thực sự cần quan tâm, nếu như những ngườitiêu dùng, đặc biệt là những người có thu nhập hạn chế, không tin tưởng vào thực phẩm bìnhthường và chỉ mua các loại thực phẩm hữu cơ đắt đỏ thay vì thế.)

PASSAGE 7

Many folk cures which have been around for centuries may be more therapeutic than

previously suspected A case in point is that of penicillin Alexander Fleming did not justrandomly choose cheese molds to study when he discovered this very important bacteria-killing substance Moldy cheese was frequently given to patients as a remedy for illness at onetime Fleming just isolated what it was about the cheese which cured the patients In parts ofSouth America, a powder obtained from grinding sugar cane is used for healing infections inwounds and ulcers This usage may date back to pre-Colombian times Experiments carriedout on several hundred patients indicate that ordinary sugar in high concentrations is lethal to

bacteria Its suction effect eliminates dead cells and it generates a glasslike layer which

protects the wound and ensures healing Another example of folk medicine which scientists areinvestigating is that of Arab fishermen who rub their wounds with a venomous catfish toquicken healing This catfish excretes a gellike slime which scientist found to containantibiotics coagulant that helps close injured blood vessels, anti-inflammatory agents, and achemical that directs production of a glue-like material that aids healing It is hoped that bydocumenting these folk remedies and experimenting to see if results are indeed beneficial, an

analysis made, and synthetic substances be developed for human consumption.

Question 1 This passage is mainly about

A isolating antibiotics in cheese, sugar, and slime

B antibiotics in the field of medicine

C using folk medicines in place of modern medicines

D the validity of folk remedies and their use for advances in modem medicine

Question 2 The word "therapeutic" in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to

A medicinal B traditional C psychological D physiological

Question 3 It can be inferred from the Message that Alexander Fleming .

A suspected medicinal properties of mold B discovered moldy cheese

C enjoyed eating cheese D isolated infectious patients

Question 4 The word "eliminates" in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to

A kills offB disposes of C excretes D cleanses

Question 5 To the passage, .

A bacteria feed on sugar B sugar kills unhealthy cells

C lass is formed from sugar D sugar promotes healing

Question 6 The gellike substance which promotes healing comes from

A Arab fishermen B catfish bodies C catfish venom D coagulants

Question 7 Which one of the following is NOT an important quality of the catfish slime?

A It prohibits inflammation B It stops bleeding

C It produces mold D It fights bacteria

Question 8 The word "consumption" in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to

A utilisation B destruction C experimentation D manipulation

Question 9 In what way are cheese molds, sugar, and catfish slime similar?

A They eliminate dead cells B They heal wounds

C They fight bacteria D They cause blood clots

Question 10 According to the passage, why is it important to study folk medicine?

A To perpetuate superstitions B To advance modern medical practices

C To experiment with synthetic substances D To document cultural heritages.

Đ Á P Á N

In a study of aspirin's effect on blood clotting in which abstinence from chocolate was

required, a large proportion of participants broke the rules

Their "offence" led to what is believed to be the first biochemical evidence that a few squares

of chocolate a day can almost halve the risk of heart attack death by decreasing the tendency oftiny particles (or platelets) to clot in narrow blood vessels

"What these chocolate offenders taught us is that the chemical in cocoa beans has a

biochemical effect similar to aspirin in reducing platelet clumping, which can be fatal if a clotforms and blocks a blood vessel, causing a heart attack," said Diane Becker from JohnsHopkins University in Maryland, USA, who led the study

Becker cautions that this discovery should not become an excuse to indulge in large amounts

of chocolate frequently, since chocolate also contains high amounts of sugar, butter and cream.However just a few squares of dark chocolate the purest form may be just what the doctorordered

For almost 20 years researchers have known that chemicals, called flavonoids, most common

in dark chocolate, help blood flow and lower blood pressure

This new finding, presented at the American Heart Association's annual scientific sessions inChicago this week, identifies the effect of everyday doses of chocolate found in regular foodssuch as hot chocolate or chocolate bars This differs from previous studies which haveexamined the effects of eating unrealistic doses of flavonoids, equivalent to several pounds ofchocolate a day

"Eating a little bit of chocolate or having a drink of hot cocoa as part of a regular diet isprobably good for personal health, so long as people don't eat too much of it, and too much ofthe kind with lots of butter and sugar," said Becker.

In the study, 139 chocolate offenders were disqualified from a larger experiment which aimed

to examine the effects of aspirin on blood clotting Before the study began, all participantswere instructed to follow a strict exercise and diet regimen and to refrain from smoking orusing foods and drinks known to affect blood-clotting activity, like caffeinated drinks, wine,grapefruit juice and, of course, chocolate Platelet samples from both groups (offenders andnon-offenders) were run through a mechanical blood vessel system designed to time how long

it takes for platelets to clump together Chocolate lovers' samples were found to clot moreslowly, on average taking 130 seconds to block the system Platelets from those who stayedaway from chocolate clotted faster, taking an average of 123 seconds

Question 1 According to the findings, what helps lower blood pressure?

A The chemical reaction in dark chocolate

B The tiny particles in white chocolate

C The most common chemicals in dark chocolate

D The most important ingredient in chocolate

Question 2 The word "abstinence" can be interpreted as .

A not eating chocolate B eating some chocolate

C not smoking D doing exercise

Question 3 The word "offenders" in paragraph 3 refers to the

A people who produce chocolate B trouble makers

C people who violate laws D people who ate chocolate

Question 4 The word "indulge" in this case is closest in meaning to

A give up oneself totally B abandon oneself

C get heavily involved in D become much interested in

Question 5 What has been found about the relation between aspirin and the chemical in cocoa

beans?

A Similarity B Irrelevance C Interdependence D Difference

Question 6 The kind of chocolate that can help the heart is identified as chocolate.

A dark B mixed C hot D white

Question 7 How does chocolate help the heart and the vascular system?

A It helps the heart pumps better B It prevents harmful bacteria.

C It widens the blood vessels D It helps blood flow more easily.

Question 8 Too much of chocolate is not very good for health.

A made with artificial sugar B with a lot of butter and sugar

C with lots of sugar and cocoa D containing a lot of milk

Question 9 An experiment has found out that the forming of blood clots is in chocolate

lovers

A faster B slower C moderate D stopped

Question 10 1The article has probably taken from

A a book of instructions B a science journal

C a doctor's prescription D ads of medicine

Từ “abstinence” có thể được hiểu là Đáp án A không ăn socola abstinence (n): sựkiêng khem Các đáp án khác: B, ăn một chút socola C, không hút thuốc D, tập thể dục

Question 3:

Theo như đoạn trích, điều nào dưới đây KHÔNG có khả năng trở thành một nguyên nhân gâyđau tim? Đáp án B nhịp tim giảm Thông tin trong bài “…Huyết áp, nhịp tim và nồng độ cáchoocmôn kích thích tim tăng đều tăng vào sáng sớm, cùng với lượng máu chảy về tim sụtgiảm, tất cả các nguyên nhân trên đều góp phần làm tăng khả năng bị đau tim trong thời gian

từ 8 giờ sáng tới 10 giờ sáng.” Các đáp án A (tăng lượng hoocmon), C, (tăng huyết áp), D(lượng máu về tim sụt giảm) đều được nhắc tới ở trong đoạn trích trên Câu 8, Điều nào dướiđây

Question 6:

Loại socola mà có lợi cho trái tim được xác định là socola Đáp án A đen Thông tin trong bài

“…Tuy vậy, một vài viên socola đen dạng nguyên chất nhất thì lại được các bác sĩ khuyêndùng.” Các đáp án khác: B, hỗn hợp C, nóng D, trắng

PASSAGE 9

Human Nutrition is the study of how food affects the health and survival of the human body.Human beings require food to grow, reproduce, and maintain good health Without food, ourbodies could not stay warm, build or repair tissue, or maintain the heartbeat Eating the rightfoods can help us avoid certain diseases or recover faster when illness occurs These and otherimportant functions are fueled by chemical substances in our food called nutrients Nutrientsare classified as carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water

When we eat a meal, nutrients are released from food through digestion Digestion begins in

the mouth by the action of chewing and the chemical activity of saliva, a watery fluid thatcontains enzymes, certain proteins that help break down food Further digestion occurs as foodtravels through the stomach and the small intestine, where digestive enzymes and acids liquefyfood and muscle contractions push it along the digestive tract Nutrients are absorbed from the

inside of the small intestine into the bloodstream and carried to the sites in the body wherethey are needed At these sites, several chemical reactions occur, which ensures the growth andfunction of body tissues The parts of foods that are not absorbed continue to move down theintestinal tract and are eliminated from the body as feces.

Once digested, carbohydrates, proteins, and fats provide the body with the energy it needs to

maintain its many functions Scientists measure this energy in kilocalories, the amount of

energy needed to raise one kilogram of water one degree Celsius In nutrition discussions,scientists use the term calorie instead of kilocalorie as the standard unit of measure in nutrition.Nutrients are classified as essential or nonessential Nonessential nutrients are manufactured inthe body and do not need to be obtained from food Examples include cholesterol, a fatlikesubstance present in all animal cells Essential nutrients must be obtained from food sources,because the body either does not produce them or produces them in amounts too small tomaintain growth and health Essential nutrients include water, carbohydrates, proteins, fats,vitamins, and minerals

An individual needs varying amounts of each essential nutrient, depending upon such factors

as gender and age Specific health conditions, such as pregnancy, breast-feeding, illness, ordrug use, make unusual demands on the body and increase its need for nutrients Dietary

guidelines, which take many of these factors into account, provide general guidance in

meeting daily nutritional needs

From “Human Nutrition” by Worthington-Roberts, Bonnie, Microsoft ® Student 2009

Question 1 The first paragraph mainly discusses

A chemical substances in our food B a variety of essential nutrients to human beings

C the importance of food to human beings D the study of human nutrition

Question 2 The word “released” in the second paragraph mostly means “”

A refused B produced C expressed D renewed

Question 3 Which of the following is NOT true about the process of digestion

A The small intestine covers the whole digestive system

B The small intestine helps the body absorb nutrients

C Nutrients are carried to different sites in the body

D Saliva plays an important role in the first stage of digestion

Question 4 The word “maintain” in the paragraph is closest meaning to “”

A obtain B provide C keep performing D carry on making

Question 5 According to the passage, nutrients are absorbed

A over the whole body B in the mouth

C in the stomach D in the small intestine

Question 6 According to the passage, which of the following provides energy for the body?

A Proteins, fats, and minerals B Carbohydrates, proteins, and fats