Chapter 1: Matter and Measurement

Chapter 1 Matter and Measurement Prentice Hall © 2002 General Chemistry C hapter 8 Slide 1 of 32 Chapter 8 The Atmospheric Gases and Hydrogen Philip Dutton University of Windsor, Canada Prentice Hall[.]

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General Chemistry: Chapter 8

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Chapter 8: The Atmospheric Gases and

Hydrogen

Philip Dutton University of Windsor, Canada

General Chemistry

Principles and Modern Applications

Petrucci • Harwood • Herring

8th Edition

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8-1 The Atmosophere

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Composition of Dry Air

trace

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Water Vapor

• nH2O  PH2O in air.

Relative Humidity = P PH2O (actual)

H2O (max)  100%

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Chemicals from the Atmosphere

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8-2 Nitrogen

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Haber Bosch Process

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Anhydrous Ammonia as Fertilizer

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Nitrogen Oxides

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Nitric Acid Production

4 NH3(g) + 5 O2(g) → 4 NO(g) + 6 H2O(l)

2 NO(g) + O2(g) → 2 NO2(g)3NO2(g) + H2O(l) → 2 HNO3(aq) + NO(g)

Pt

• Oxidizing acid.

• Nitration of organic compounds.

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Nitroglycerine

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8-3 Oxygen

• Most abundant of elements in Earths crust.

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Electrolysis

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Ozone Depletion

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O3 + O → 2 O2

Human activity:

CCl2F2 + UV radiation → CClF2 + Cl

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8-4 The Noble Gases

• In 1785 Cavendish could not

get all the material in air to

react in an electric discharge

• 100 years later Rayleigh and

Ramsay isolated argon.

– Greek argos—the lazy one.

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Noble Gases

• Used in light bulbs, lasers and flash bulbs.

• He and Ar are used as “blanket” materials to

keep air out of certain systems.

• He is used as a breathing mixture for deep

diving applications.

• Superconducting magnets use He(l) as coolant.

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Helium

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Hemoglobin

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Industrial Preparation of CO2

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8-6 Hydrogen

• Minor component of atmosphere.

• 90% of atoms and 75% of universe mass.

• Produced using the water—gas reactions:

C(s) + H2O(g) → CO(g) + H2(g)CO(g) + H2O(g) → CO2(g) + H2(g)

Or by the reforming of methane:

CH4(g) + H2O(g) → CO(g) + 3 H2(g)

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Uses of Hydrogen

• Hydrogenation reactions

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Uses of Hydrogen

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Focus on The Carbon Cycle

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Tiêu đề	The Atmospheric Gases and Hydrogen
Tác giả	Petrucci, Harwood, Herring
Người hướng dẫn	Philip Dutton
Trường học	University of Windsor
Chuyên ngành	General Chemistry
Thể loại	Chương
Năm xuất bản	2002
Thành phố	Windsor

Định dạng
Số trang	32
Dung lượng	2,34 MB