[...]... rules and structure for modern power distribution reliability engineering in a rigorous yet accessible manner While scrupulously correct in theory and mathematics, his book provides a wealth of practical experience and useful knowledge that can be applied by any electric power engineer to improve power distribution reliability performance Thus, Electric Power Distribution Reliability fits particularly... utilities can ensure that this reliability spending is done so that the highest level of reliability can be attained for the lowest possible cost The second edition of Electric Power Distribution Reliability is the product of approximately fifteen years of effort in various aspects of electric power distribution reliability I would like to thank the following people for teaching, collaborating, and... 1.1 North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC) regions Abbreviation NERC Region ERCOT Electric Reliability Council of Texas, Inc (ERCOT) FRCC Florida Reliability Coordinating Council (FRCC) MRO Midwest Reliability Organization (MRO) NPCC Northeast Power Coordinating Council (NPCC) RFC ReliabilityFirst Corporation (RFC) SERC SERC Reliability Corporation (SERC) SPP Southwest Power Pool, Inc... subtransmission systems Distribution systems consist of distribution substations, primary distribution systems, distribution transformers, and secondary distribution systems A simplified drawing of an overall power system and its subsystems is shown in Figure 1.2 Generation Subsystems Generation Plants produce electrical energy from another form of energy such as fossil fuels, nuclear fuels, or hydropower Typically,... discussing issues associated with load characteristics and distribution operations The second chapter, Reliability Metrics and Indices,” discusses the various aspects of distribution reliability and defines terms that are frequently used later in the book It begins at a high level by discussing power quality and its relationship to reliability Standard reliability indices are then presented along with benchmark... 1 Distribution Subsystems Distribution Substations are nodes for terminating and reconfiguring subtransmission lines plus transformers that step down voltage to primary distribution levels Primary Distribution Systems deliver electricity from distribution substations to distribution transformers Voltages range from 4.16 kV to 34.5 kV with the most common being 15-kV class (e.g., 12.47 kV, 13.8 kV) Distribution. .. 25% distribution Reliable electric power systems serve customer loads without interruptions in supply voltage Generation facilities must produce enough power to meet customer demand Transmission systems must transport bulk power over long distances without overheating or jeopardizing system stability Distribution systems must deliver electricity to each customer’s service entrance In the context of reliability, ... deliver power from bulk power systems to retail customers To do this, distribution substations receive power from subtransmission lines and step down voltages with power transformers These transformers supply primary distribution systems made up of many distribution feeders Feeders consist of a main 3φ trunk, 2φ and 1φ laterals, feeder interconnections, and distribution transformers Distribution transformers... reliability Viewed from this perspective, about 50% of the cost of a distribution system is for reliability and 50% for capacity To spend distribution reliability dollars as efficiently as capacity dollars, utilities must transition from capacity planning to integrated capacity and reliability planning.4 Such a department will keep track of accurate historical reliability data, utilize predictive reliability. .. m Sys te Meter Distribution Transformer s Di m ar y s te ri m n Sy P ti o u t ri b Figure 1.2 Electric power systems consist of many subsystems Reliability depends upon generating enough electric power and delivering it to customers without any interruptions in supply voltage A majority of interruptions in developed nations result from problems occurring between customer meters and distribution substations . be applied by any electric power engi- neer to improve power distribution reliability performance. Thus, Electric Power Distribution Reliability fits particularly. and Applications, Third Edition, J. Lewis Blackburn and Thomas J. Domin 31. Electric Power Distribution Reliability, Second Edition, Richard E. Brown 7567_FM.indd