This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.. Peer-review under responsibility of the organizing committee of SCESCM
Trang 1Procedia Engineering 171 ( 2017 ) 64 – 70
1877-7058 © 2017 Published by Elsevier Ltd This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license
( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ ).
Peer-review under responsibility of the organizing committee of SCESCM 2016.
doi: 10.1016/j.proeng.2017.01.310
ScienceDirect
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© 2017 Published by Elsevier Ltd This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license
( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ ).
Peer-review under responsibility of the organizing committee of SCESCM 2016.
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