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Oracle Database 10 g :The Complete Reference Kevin Loney McGraw-Hill/Osborne New York Chicago San Francisco Lisbon London Madrid Mexico City Milan New Delhi San Juan Seoul Singapore Syd

Oracle Database 10 g :

The Complete Reference

Kevin Loney

McGraw-Hill/Osborne

New York Chicago San Francisco Lisbon London Madrid Mexico City Milan New Delhi San Juan Seoul Singapore Sydney Toronto

ORACLE Series TIGHT / Oracle Database 10g: TCR / Loney / 225351-7 / Front Matter

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Oracle Database 10 g : The Complete Reference

Copyright © 2004 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc (Publisher) All rights reserved Printed in the

United States of America Except as permitted under the Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication

may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system,

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To my parents, and to Sue, Emily, Rachel, and Jane.

About the Author

Kevin Loney is a senior technical management consultant with

TUSC (http://www.tusc.com), an Oracle-focused consultancy headquartered in Chicago He was selected asORACLE Magazine’s Consultant of the Year in 2002 He is an expert in the design, development, administration, tuning, security, and recovery of Oracle-based applications An Oracle DBA and developer since

1987, he is the primary author of 15 books for Oracle DBAs and developers He is a frequent and highly-rated presenter at local and international Oracle user groups

About the Technical Reviewers

Pete Sharman has 16 years’ IT experience designing, implementing,

and managing the performance of Oracle solutions As a solo consultant and team leader, Pete has provided administrative and technical leadership to leading Internet-based businesses as well

as several Fortune 100 and Fortune 500 companies He has also completed world-class benchmarks and implementation reviews

of the Oracle RDBMS, and performed high-impact performance tuning A proven technical leader, Pete has acquired expert-level skills in Oracle Parallel Server and Real Application Clusters database design, administration, backup and recovery, operations planning and management, performance management, system management, and security and management of complex data centers

Currently, Pete is performing the role of Oracle9i and Oracle 10g Database Global Consulting Lead, acting as an interface between Oracle Development and North America Sales and Consulting

Pete has also passed all the Oracle DBA Certifications (Oracle7, Oracle8, Oracle8i, and Oracle9i ) and was one of the first 20 people

in the world to qualify as an Oracle9i Certified Master

Bob Bryla is an Oracle 8, 8i, 9i, and 10g Certified Professional with more than 15 years of experience in database design, database application development, training, and database administration, and he is the tech editor and author of several Oracle Press and Sybex Oracle DBA books He is an Internet database analyst and Oracle DBA at Lands’ End, Inc., in Dodgeville, Wisconsin

ORACLE Series TIGHT / Oracle Database 10g: TCR / Loney / 225351-7 / Front Matter

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS xv

INTRODUCTION xvii

PART I Critical Database Concepts 1 Oracle Database 10g Architecture Options 3

Databases and Instances 5

Inside the Database 5

Choosing Architectures and Options 9

2 Installing Oracle Database 10g and Creating a Database 11

Overview of Licensing and Installation Options 13

3 Upgrading to Oracle Database 10g 27

Choosing an Upgrade Method 29

Before Upgrading 30

Using the Database Upgrade Assistant 30

Performing a Manual Direct Upgrade 31

Using Export and Import 34

Using the Data-Copying Method 35

After Upgrading 36

4 Planning Oracle Applications—Approaches, Risks, and Standards 37

The Cooperative Approach 39

Everyone Has “Data” 40

The Familiar Language of Oracle 41

Some Common, Everyday Examples 45

What Are the Risks? 47

The Importance of the New Vision 48

How to Reduce the Confusion 50

Capitalization in Names and Data 57

Normalizing Names 58

Good Design Has a Human Touch 58

Understanding the Data 62

Toward Object Name Normalization 65

XMLType 1329

ORACLE Series TIGHT / Oracle Database 10g: TCR / Loney / 225351-7 / Chapter 1

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XMLFOREST

SEE ALSO XMLCONCAT

FORMAT

XMLFOREST ( value_expr [AS c_alias] [, value_expr [AS c_alias]] )

DESCRIPTION XMLFOREST converts each of its argument parameters to XML, then returns an

XML fragment that is the concatenation of these converted arguments

XMLSEQUENCE

SEE ALSO XMLCONCAT

FORMAT

XMLSEQUENCE ( { XMLType_instance | sys_refcursor_instance [ ,fmt] } )

DESCRIPTION XMLSEQUENCE has two forms:

■ The first form takes as input an XMLType instance and returns a varying array of the top-level nodes in the XMLType

■ The second form takes as input a REFCURSOR instance, with an optional instance of the

XMLFORMAT object, and returns as an XMLSEQUENCE type an XML document for each

row of the cursor

XMLTRANSFORM

SEE ALSO Chapter 47

FORMAT

XMLTRANSFORM ( XMLType_instance ,XMLType_instance )

DESCRIPTION XMLTRANSFORM takes as arguments an XMLType instance and an XSL style

sheet, which itself is a form of XMLType instance It applies the style sheet to the instance and returns

an XMLType

XMLType

XMLType is a datatype available to store and query XML data in the database As a type, XMLType has

member functions to access, extract, and query XML data using a class of operations known as XPath

expressions The SYS_XMLGEN, SYS_XMLAGG, and DBMS_XMLGEN packages create XMLType values

from existing object-relational data When you designate a column as using the XMLType datatype,

Oracle will internally store the data in a CLOB datatype

The following listing shows the creation of a table using the XMLType datatype:

create table MY_XML_TABLE

(Key1 NUMBER,

Xml_Column SYS.XMLTYPE);

insert into MY_XML_TABLE (Key1, Xml_Column)

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values (1, SYS.XMLTYPE.CREATEXML

('<book>

<title>Complete Reference</title>

<chapter num= "48">

<title>Ending</title>

<text>This is the end of the book.</text>

</chapter>

</book>'));

select M.Xml_Column.GETCLOBVAL() as XML_Data

from MY_XML_TABLE M

where Key1 = 1;

See Chapter 47 for additional details on XMLType and its related methods