SUBJECT INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE PRINCIPLE REPORT THE NISSAN VARIABLE COMPRESSION TURBO

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAININGHO CHI MINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION FACULTY OF VEHICLE AND ENERGY ENGINEERING �㵯✡�㵮�㵮✡�㵯 SUBJECT: INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE PRINCIPLE RE

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING

HO CHI MINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION FACULTY OF VEHICLE AND ENERGY ENGINEERING

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SUBJECT: INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE PRINCIPLE

REPORT

THE NISSAN VARIABLE COMPRESSION TURBO

Lecturer: Assoc Prof Ly Vinh Dat Student: Kieu Tien Anh

ID Student: 20145399 Class time: Wednesday – Shift 123 ICEP330330E_21_2_01CLC

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introduction……….1

Chapter 1: History Of The Nissan Vc– Turbo Engine……….2

Chapter 2: Structure And Working Principle Of Vc-Turbo……… 3

2.1 Structure Of The Nissan VC-Turbo……… 3

2.2 Working Principle Of The Nissan VC-Turbo………4

2.2.1 Making Variable Compression Possible……… 4

2.2.2 Optimization Of The Link Layout……… 6

Chapter 3: Advantages And Disadvantages Of Vc-Turbo……… 6

3.1 Advantages Of VC-Turbo………6

3.2 Disadvantages Of VC-Turbo……… 7

Chapter 4: Applications And Development Possibilities In Vietnam………….7

4.1 Applications VC-Turbo………7

4.2 Development Possibilittes In Vietnam………8

References………9

Nowaday, the ongoing trend of engine downsizing and supercharging has already achieved impressive results In the reciprocating internal combustion engine, the primary power source reveals primarily with limitation the allowable level of emissions of harmful substances in the exhaust gases, suchs as CO (carbon monoxide), HC (hydrocarbons), NOx (nitrogen oxides), and PM

(particulate matter) Moreover, in the perspective of growing global warming phenomenon and dropping resources of liquid fuels, particular attention is paid

to the reduction of fuel consumption and thus CO2 emission

In diesel engine, the high specific power brings the materials to their limits Because these high peak firing pressures demand heavier and stiffer

components Example, bearing dimensions must be extended, higher mass forces occur, friction and frictional losses increase According FEV, <SI engines, especially when running on alternative fuels such as CNG which average peak pressures of up to 170 bar dramatically increase the

tendency toward combustion knocking at higher engine speeds.=

So, what is the solution? One measure to tackle these limitations involves varying the compression ratio during engine operation The new technology called variable compression ratio, and marked with the VCR symbol, completely changes the previously unchanged feature of the engines Lower compression ratio at high load decreases pressures and temperatures at the end of

compression At part load, higher compression ratio improves fuel consumption and, hence, CO2 emissions Varying the compression ratio offers advantages for all engine concepts running on gaseous, liquid synthetic and bio-fuels with varying calorific values and knock resistance, ignition delay characteristics

Nissan was the first automaker to put a VCR engine into production VC-Turbo technology is applied to the 2.0-liter turbocharged 4-cylinder engine and was launched in 2018 What sets the VC engine apart is the world's first manufactured variable-compression turbocharger This technology has more than 20 years of development and is a breakthrough in combustion engine design

There are the reasons, I would like choose this topic Because of the problem of time and lack of knowledge, I hope you understand and comment Thank you so much!

CHAPTER 1: HISTORY OF THE NISSAN VC–TURBO ENGINE

The first variable compression ratio (VCR) engine built and tested was by Harry Ricardo in the 1920s Over the following decades, due to the

complexity of construction, VCR engines were only available in laboratories for combustion research purposes In the late 2000s, the technology saw

some new benefits, as it was able to ignite a variety of fuels (e.g alcohol) such as Lotus Omnivore Theoretically, the VCR engine is a design well

worth the attention and testing of manufacturers However, realizing this idea

is not accessible only a few manufacturers such as FEV, Ford, Sabb, and Nissan have offered prototype and test engines

Nissan will be the first automaker to find a solution to this difficult problem with the Infiniti VC-Turbo engine block which was first introduced at the 2016 Paris Motor Show VC-Turbo technology is applied to the 2.0-liter turbocharged

4-cylinder engine and will be launched in 2018 The new 2.0-liter VC-Turbo engine offers the same performance figures as the 24-year-old 3.5-liter V6 it replaces while offering the fuel economy of a four-cylinder The first cars to receive this engine are the 2019 Infiniti QX50 SUV and the 2019 Nissan Altima SR

CHAPTER 2: STRUCTURE AND WORKING PRINCIPLE OF VC-TURBO 2.1 Structure of the Nissan VC-Turbo

Structurally, this engine is not much different from traditional internal

combustion engines except that the piston - connecting rod - crankshaft assembly has been redesigned by Infiniti engineers It includes Piston, U-Link, L-U-Link, Crank Shaft, C-U-Link, Control Shaft, A-Link and Actuator Motor

In addition to the crankshaft and connecting rod, the company has

researched and manufactured a system of multi-point links to connect the crankshaft and connecting rod, through the eccentric wheel mechanism that the manufacturer calls the Harmonic Drive

The Harmonic Drive mechanism is connected to an electric motor via a control arm

2.2 Working principle of the Nissan VC-Turbo

2.2.1 Making variable compression possible

In a traditional gasoline engine, a piston travels up and down from a central point known as the crankshaft This makes for a relatively simple design, but it restricts compression to just a single ratio Because of this, the engine cannot

be optimized for all driving conditions High compression ratios are great for low-RPM fuel economy but can reduce high-end power output A low

compression ratio does just the opposite, reducing initial fuel economy but allowing for more power at higher RPM, especially when paired with a

turbocharger To solve this compression issue Nissan engineersdeveloped the cutting-edge VC-Turbo engine By using an adjustable crankshaft and actuator arm, this new engine can adjust its compression ratio, allowing for the perfect mix of horsepower and fuel efficiency With a variable range between 8:1 (for high load) and 14:1 (for low load), this new VC-Turbo works with the onboard engine computer to give V6 performance, with 4-cylinder fuel efficiency

So how it works? When a change in the compression ratio is needed, the actuator motor moves the actuator arm (1) The actuator arm rotates the control shaft (2) The rotation of the control shaft moves the lower-link (L-link), changing the multi-link system angle (3) The multi-multi-link system adjusts the vertical position of the piston stroke within the cylinder, changing the compression ratio (4)

2.2.2 Optimization of the link layout

As the angular change of the upper-link (U-link) when the piston moves up and down is small, the upper-link (U-link) remains more vertical as it moves down smoothly This reduces friction with the cylinder walls and contributes

to improved fuel economy The reciprocating motion of the piston between TDC and BDC becomes symmetrical, helping to reduce vibration

CHAPTER 3: ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF VC-TURBO 3.1 Advantages of VC-Turbo

The VC-Turbo is quieter than conventional engines in its class and has the low noise and vibration expected of a traditional V6 This is partly a result of the multi-link design, in which the piston connecting rods stay nearly vertical

throughout the combustion cycle (instead of moving wider horizontally as when turning a traditional crankshaft) This represents ideal reciprocating motion and eliminates the need for a balance shaft Despite the addition of a multi-link layout, the engine is still as compact as a regular 2.0-liter four-cylinder

In addition to flexible operation, engines using this technology also run smoother than traditional engines, ensuring fuel efficiency and

performance as well as reducing emissions

Due to the Harmonic Drive multi-link where the piston rods move roughly

vertically during combustion rather than reciprocating horizontally and vertically

on the crankshaft, the connecting rod does not rotate around the shaft crank like

a traditional engine The result is lower engine vibration and noise

3.2 Disadvantages of VC-Turbo

Although this is an engine with many advantages, it also has many

disadvantages Firstly, there are new technology results in high research and development and manufacturing Secondly, reliability is not proven Thirdly, consumer reactions are unknown and unpredictable Finally, repairs and maintenance initially may be difficult and costly

CHAPTER 4: APPLICATIONS AND DEVELOPMENT POSSIBILITIES IN VIETNAM

4.1 Applications VC-Turbo

According Nissan-global.com <Research for VC-Turbo was started in 1998 Several methods were utilized to realize the VC-Turbo Developing a variable compression system using a link mechanism, optimizing the link layout, using advanced analysis

to produce precision part shapes, and creating a new high-precision heat treatment were just a few technological hurdles As a result, Nissan

became the world’s first auto manufacturer to start mass production of a variable compression engine.=

What sets the VC engine apart is the world's first manufactured

variable-compression turbocharger The technology is more than 20 years old and

represents a breakthrough in combustion engine design while it continuously

adjusts the compression ratio to optimize power and fuel efficiency This engine inherits the advantages of VCR engines and is applied for the following purposes:

• Improves fuel consumption and, hence, CO2 emissions

• Enable extreme downsizing beyond today’s limits

• Minimize friction losses

One of the typical products applied VC-Turbo technology is Infiniti QX50 SUV 2019 and Nissan Altima SR 2019.

4.2 Development possibilittes in Vietnam

<In future, new INFINITI products will benefit from the application of

downsized, high-efficiency engines, such as VC-Turbo, which do not

compromise performance INFINITI's progressive customer base is

receptive to new technology, and the VC-Turbo engine is designed to meet this desire to buy innovative products.=

Roland Krueger, President of INFINITI

VC-Turbo has 20 years in development, and is on sale in 2018 so technology enhances future prospects for the gasoline engine VC-Turbo technology is applied

to the 2.0-liter turbocharged 4-cylinder engine and will be launched in 2018 The

old 3.5-liter V6 it replaces while offering the fuel economy of a four-cylinder The first cars to receive this engine are the 2019 Infiniti QX50 SUV and the 2019 Nissan Altima

SR The VC-Turbo 2.0L 4-cylinder has 30-35% improved fuel economy compared to the 3.5L V6 it replaces, while power and torque are equal Speaking to Reuters news agency, Shinichi Kiga - Nissan's head of gasoline engine development

- said: <The cost of using the VC Turbo system is also thousands of dollars lower than the gasoline-electric hybrid powertrain.=

These are indisputable achievements That predicts a certain future in

Vietnam that Nissan VC-Turbo will grow more brilliantly

REFERENCES

1 Dr Daniel Henaux COST-EFFICIENT AND MODULAR APPLICABLE.

FEV (https://vcr.fev.com/)

2 Fields Nguyen (2021) TÌM HIÞU SỰ NÉN, Tþ SÞ NÉN VÀ NÉN BI¾N THIÊN TRONG ĐÞNG C¡ ĐÞT TRONG XecoV

( https://www.xecov.com/articles/tim-hieu-su-nen-ty-so-nen-va-nen-bien-thien-trong-dong-co-dot-trong)

3 Fields Nguyen (2021) TÌM HIÞU ĐÞNG C¡ VC-TURBO CĀA NISSAN (INFINITI) – ĐÞNG C¡ NÉN BI¾N THIÊN XecoV

( https://www.xecov.com/articles/tim-hieu-dong-co-vc-turbo-cua-nissan-infiniti-dong-co-nen-bien-thien)

4 nam nguyenpt (2020) Tìm hißu đßng c¢ VCTurbo cāa Nissan (Infiniti) -Đßng c¢ nén bi¿n thiên OTO HUI (

5 Nissan VC-Turbo Engine Nissan Motor Corporation (

6 P.V (2017) Nissan: Đßng c¢ đßt trong chưa <ch¿t= Oto Xe May

7 RPM (2017) Sáng tạo Infiniti: Đßng c¢ VC-Turbo với trÿc khuÿu thông minh Xe Đời Sống ( https://xedoisong.vn/cong-nghe/sang-tao-infiniti-dong-co-vcturbo-voi-truc-khuyu-thong-minh-23118.html)

8 THANHDATSPKTVL (2018) Đßng C¢ Có Tỉ Sß Nén Bi¿n Thiên Cāa INFINITI OTO HUI ( https://oto-hui.com/threads/dong-co-co-ti-so-nen-bien-thien-cua-infiniti.116765/)