Experimental analysis of anchor bolt in concrete under the pull out loading

Experimental Analysis of Anchor Bolt in Concrete under the Pull Out Loading Procedia Engineering 171 ( 2017 ) 926 – 933 1877 7058 © 2017 The Authors Published by Elsevier Ltd This is an open access ar[.]

Procedia Engineering 171 ( 2017 ) 926 – 933

1877-7058 © 2017 The Authors Published by Elsevier Ltd This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license

( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ ).

Peer-review under responsibility of the organizing committee of SCESCM 2016.

doi: 10.1016/j.proeng.2017.01.391

ScienceDirect

6XVWDLQDEOH&LYLO(QJLQHHULQJ6WUXFWXUHVDQG&RQVWUXFWLRQ0DWHULDOV6&(6&0

([SHULPHQWDODQDO\VLVRIDQFKRUEROWLQFRQFUHWH

XQGHUWKHSXOORXWORDGLQJ

a Dept of Civil Engineering, University of Mataram, Jl Majapahit No 62 Mataram 83125, Indonesia

b

Dept of Civil Engineering, Aichi Institute of Technology, 1247 Yachigusa, Yakusa-cho, Toyota-shi, Aichi 470-0392, Japan

c Dept of Civil and Structural Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan

$EVWUDFW

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

‹7KH$XWKRUV3XEOLVKHGE\(OVHYLHU/WG

3HHUUHYLHZXQGHUUHVSRQVLELOLW\RIWKHRUJDQL]LQJFRPPLWWHHRI6&(6&0

Keywords:FRQFUHWHDQFKRUEROWWHQVLOHORDGWHQVLOHVWUHQJWKIDLOXUHPHFKDQLVP

,QWURGXFWLRQ

$QFKRUDJH RI WKH VWHHO EROW LQ FRQFUHWH KDV JDLQHG VSHFLDO DWWHQWLRQ GXH WR VRPH JOREDO WUHQGV LQ FRQVWUXFWLRQ LQGXVWU\ VXFK DV LQFUHDVLQJ XVH RI SUHIDEULFDWHG VWUXFWXUDO HOHPHQW SUHFDVW V\VWHP DQG K\EULG VWUXFWXUHV LQFUHDVHG LQWHUHVW RQ VWUXFWXUDO UHWURILWWLQJ HDUWKTXDNH UHVLVWDQFH LQFUHDVHG RQ VWUHQJWKHQLQJ DQG PDLQWHQDQFH RI





E-mail address:KDUL\DGL#XQUDPDFLG

© 2017 The Authors Published by Elsevier Ltd This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license

( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ ).

Peer-review under responsibility of the organizing committee of SCESCM 2016.

H[LVWLQJRUKLVWRULFDOEXLOGLQJVDQGRWKHUSDUWLFXODUDQFKRUDJHGHPDQGV>@7KHSXUSRVHRIDQFKRUEROWXVHGLVWR JHWDVWUXFWXUHZLWKDJRRGVWUHQJWKDQGVWDELOLW\,QRUGHUWRFRQQHFWWKHRWKHUVWUXFWXUDOPHPEHUVWRWKHFRQFUHWH VWUXFWXUHVWKHDQFKRULQJV\VWHPDQFKRUEROWLVQHFHVVDU\DQGSOD\VDQLPSRUWDQWUROHLQPDQ\FDVHVIRUVWUXFWXUDO DVZHOODVQRQVWUXFWXUDODSSOLFDWLRQV$QFKRUVDUHXVHGIRUWUDQVIHUULQJORDGEHWZHHQFRQFUHWHDQGRWKHUPHPEHUV VXFK DV VWHHO RU ZRRG HOHPHQW DQG LW LV XVHIXO WR LPSURYH WKH IOH[LELOLW\ LQ WKH GHVLJQ RI FRQFUHWH VWUXFWXUHV +RZHYHUW\SLFDOO\FRQFUHWHRUPRUWDUFHPHQWLWLRXVPDWHULDOLVDEULWWOHPDWHULDOWKDWSHUIRUPVZHOOLQFRPSUHVVLRQ EXWLVVLJQLILFDQWO\ORZHULQWHQVLRQ7KXVLWVKRXOGEHGHHSO\HYDOXDWHGZKHQWHQVLOHORDGLVDSSOLHG

1.1 Anchor bolt failures

$QFKRULQJV\VWHPVFRPSULVHRIDEROWHOHPHQWDQFKRUEROWHPEHGGLQJLQDQGWKHFRQFUHWHEDVHPDWHULDO%DVHG RQSURYLVLRQFRGHVDQGWHFKQLFDOSDSHU$&,>@$&,>@DQG>@WKHIDLOXUHPRGHVRIWKHDQFKRU XQGHU WHQVLOH ORDG DUH FDWHJRUL]HG DV D DQFKRU EROW IDLOXUH E FRQFUHWH FRQH IDLOXUH F DQFKRU SXOORXW DQG G FRQFUHWHVSOLWWLQJ$PRQJWKHVHIDLOXUHPRGHVFRQFUHWHFRQHIDLOXUHLVWKHPRVWFRPPRQWREHVWXGLHG7KHUHIRUHD SURSHUHVWLPDWLRQRIWKHFRQFUHWHFRQHFDSDFLW\XQGHUWHQVLOHORDGVZRXOGEHFRQWUROOHGE\GXFWLOH\LHOGLQJDQGWKH QRPLQDO VWUHQJWK RI DQFKRU >@ 8QGHU VWDWLF ORDG FRQFUHWH FRQH IDLOXUH LV FRPPRQO\ HVWLPDWHG E\ WKH &RQFUHWH

&DSDFLW\'HVLJQ&&'PHWKRG>@RQZKLFKGHVLJQSURYLVLRQVIRUDQFKRUDJHV\VWHPVRI$&,DUHUHIHUUHG

$QFKRUEROWIDLOXUHGXHWRDFRPELQDWLRQEHWZHHQWHQVLRQDQGVKHDUORDGVKDVEHHQFRQGXFWHGE\&KHQ>@7KH UHVXOWVKRZVWKDWWKHXOWLPDWHSXOORXWORDGRIDQFKRUEROWVVOLJKWO\GHFUHDVHVZKHQSXUHVKHDULVDSSOLHG1XPHULFDO PRGHOHYDOXDWLRQRIDQFKRUEROWXQGHUSXOORXWORDGWHVWLQOLJKWZHLJKWDJJUHJDWHFRQFUHWHKDVEHHQFDUULHGRXWE\

*UHFR HW DO >@ 7KH PRGHO H[KLELWV WKDW YROXPH IUDFWLRQ DQG <RXQJ¶V PRGXOXV RI OLJKWZHLJKW DJJUHJDWH VLJQLILFDQWO\DIIHFWHGWRWKHSHDNDQGSRVWSHDNUHVSRQVHRIFUDFNEHKDYLRURIFRQFUHWH

1.2 Design standard equations of anchor bolt

7KHUHDUHFXUUHQWO\WZRPDLQGHVLJQPHWKRGVDYDLODEOHWRFRPSXWHWKHFRQHIDLOXUHVWUHQJWKRIHPEHGGHGDQFKRU EROW XQGHU VWDWLF WHQVLOH ORDG QDPHO\ &RQFUHWH&RQH 0HWKRG &&0 >@ DQG &RQFUHWH&DSDFLW\ 'HVLJQ &&' PHWKRGV>@DVVKRZQLQ)LJ





DE

)LJD&RQFUHWH&RQH0HWKRG&&0E&RQFUHWH&DSDFLW\'HVLJQ0HWKRG&&'

2Q WKH &&0 PHWKRG WKH WHQVLOH UHVLVWDQFH FDQ EH H[SUHVVHG E\ FRQVLGHULQJ D ƒ ODWHUDO IDLOXUH FRQH VR IRU

¸

¸

¹

·

¨

¨

©

§



ef ef

c c

h

d h

f

,Q WKH -DSDQHVH VWDQGDUG KRZHYHU WKH WHQVLOH VWUHQJWK RI FRQFUHWH LV f ct   0.23.f c (2/3) -6&(  >@ VR WKH HTXDWLRQWREH

¸

¸

¹

·

¨

¨

©

§



ef ef

c c

h

d h

f

7KH &&' PHWKRG LV LQWHQGHG WR WKH FRQFUHWH FDSDFLW\ RI DUELWUDU\ IDVWHQLQJV XQGHU WHQVLRQ RU VKHDU ORDG 7KH FRQFUHWH FDSDFLW\ RI VLQJOH DQFKRU XQGHU WHQVLRQ LV FDOFXODWHG E\ DVVXPLQJ DQ LQFOLQDWLRQ EHWZHHQ WKH FRQFUHWH VXUIDFHDQGWKHIDLOXUHVXUIDFHRIDERXWƒ7KHZLGHVSUHDGIDLOXUHVXUIDFHVKRXOGEHREVHUYHGDERXWWKUHHWLPHVWKH

EUHDNRXWUHVLVWDQFHVXFKDVWKHQRPLQDOWHQVLOHVWUHQJWKRIFRQFUHWHDQGWKHSURMHFWHGIDLOXUHDUHDZLWKDGGLWLRQDO VRPHFDOLEUDWLRQIDFWRUV%DVHGRQWKHSURSRVHGEDVLFLGHDWKHXOWLPDWHWHQVLOHVWUHQJWKLVFDOFXODWHGDV















nc

SUHGLFWWKHIDLOXUHORDGVRIFDVWLQSODFHDQFKRUVDQGSRVWLQVWDOOHGFRQFUHWHEUHDNRXWIDLOXUH>@0RUHRYHUWKH&&'

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

([SHULPHQWDOSURJUDP

2.1 Materials

0DWHULDOVXVHGIRUPDNLQJFRQFUHWHPRUWDULQWKLVUHVHDUFKZHUHRUGLQDU\3RUWODQGFHPHQWQRUPDOILQHDJJUHJDWH

7KHWKUHDGHGEROWZLWKGLDPHWHUPPZDVXVHGIRUEROWDQFKRULQWKLVUHVHDUFK6RPHPHFKDQLFDOSURSHUW\GDWD RIWKHEROWDUHQHHGHGWRHYDOXDWHWKHVWUHQJWKRIDQFKRUVWUXFWXUH%\WHQVLOHWHVWWKHPHFKDQLFDOSURSHUWLHVRIDQFKRU EROWZHUHIRXQG WKDW LV 03D  03D DQG*3D IRU \LHOG VWUHQJWK \LHOG VWUDLQXOWLPDWH VWUHQJWKXOWLPDWHIUDFWXUHVWUDLQDQGPRGXOXVHODVWLFLW\UHVSHFWLYHO\

2.2 Mix proportioning of concrete-mortar and sample size of mortar block

,Q WKLV H[SHULPHQWDO WHVW ZH XVH PRUWDU ZKLFK RQO\ XVHV WKH ILQH DJJUHJDWH LQ RUGHU WR HOLPLQDWH WKH HIIHFW RI FRDUVHDJJUHJDWHWRWKHGHYHORSPHQWRIFUDFNLQJSURSDJDWLRQXQGHUWHQVLOHVWUHVV,QDGGLWLRQLWLVDVVXPHGWKDWWKH

IRU F\OLQGHU VDPSOHV DIWHU FXULQJ GXUDWLRQ RI  GD\V 7KH SURSRUWLRQ RI PDWHULDOV DUH FDOFXODWHG UHIHU WR $670

&D>@WKDWWKHSURSRUWLRQRIVDQGWRFHPHQWLVE\PDVVDQGZDWHUFHPHQWUDWLR:&5  7KHSRURVLW\RIPRUWDULVDVVXPHGVLPLODUDVQRUPDOFRQFUHWHWKDWLVDURXQG&DOFXODWLRQRIPDWHULDOQHHGHGIRU

7KHVDPSOHVDUHFRQVLGHUHGWKDWLWZLOOEUHDNGXHWRFRQFUHWHIDLOXUHRQO\FRQHIDLOXUHPRGH6RE\DVVXPLQJD SHUIHFW ERQGLQJ EHWZHHQ FRQFUHWH DQG VWHHO DQFKRU WKH FRQH IDLOXUH PRGH VKRXOG EH IRXQG %DVHG RQ VRPH OLWHUDWXUHV>@WKHFRQHIDLOXUHRIDQFKRUEROWFDQEHIRXQGZKHQWKHUDWLREHWZHHQWKHGHSWKKDQG GLDPHWHUGRIDQFKRUKGPD[LPXPHTXDOWR+RZHYHUWRHOLPLQDWHRWKHUXQSUHGLFWDEOHIDFWRUVDIIHFWLQJWKH FRQH IDLOXUH D GHSWKGLDPHWHU UDWLR DQFKRU EROW HTXDO WR  ZDV GHFLGHG WR XVH 7KLV GHSWK ZDV FKRVHQ DQG FRQVLGHUHG ZLWK DQ DVVXPSWLRQ WKDW WKH IDLOXUH PRGH RI DQFKRU EROW LV WKH FRQH IDLOXUH PRGH 5HIHU WR $670 VWDQGDUG$670(>@WKHGHWDLOVL]HRIDQFKRUPRGHOFDQEHVHHQLQ)LJ





)LJ7KHVL]HRIDQFKRUEROWVSHFLPHQ





DE

)LJ7KHVWUXFWXUHRIWHVWHTXLSPHQWIRUSXOORXWWHVWRIDQFKRUEROWD6FKHPDWLFRIIUDPHVWUXFWXUHE)UDPHVWUXFWXUH

2.3 Testing procedures

6HYHUDOWHVWVKDYHEHHQFRQGXFWHGWRILQGWKHPHFKDQLFDOSURSHUWLHVRIFRQFUHWHPRUWDUQDPHO\FRPSUHVVLRQWHVW VSOLWWHQVLOHWHVWDQGGHQVLW\7KHFRPSUHVVLYHVWUHQJWKRIFRQFUHWHPRUWDUZDVFRQGXFWHGLQDFFRUGDQFHZLWK-,6$

>@$VWLIIPDFKLQHZLWKDN1FDSDFLW\KDVEHHQXVHGWRSHUIRUPWKLVWHVWRQPP[PPF\OLQGHU VSHFLPHQV 7KH GLVSODFHPHQW RI HDFK VSHFLPHQ ZDV PHDVXUHG XVLQJ D FRPSUHVVRPHWHU GXULQJ WKH FRPSUHVVLYH

VWUHQJWKWHVWIRUGHWHUPLQLQJWKHPRGXOXVRIHODVWLFLW\LQDFFRUGDQFHZLWK-,6$>@:KLOHWKHVSOLWWHQVLOH WHVWKDVEHHQFRQGXFWHGLQDFFRUGDQFHZLWK-,6$>@

)RUWHVWLQJRISXOORXWWHVWDVWLIIPDFKLQHZLWKDWRQPD[LPXPFDSDFLW\LVWKHPDLQHTXLSPHQWIRUDQFKRU EROWWHVW$SRUWDOIUDPHDQGDQXPEHURIGLDOJDXJHKDVEHHQXVHGLQWKLVH[SHULPHQWDOSURJUDP$QLOOXVWUDWLRQRI WKHVWUXFWXUHIRUWHVWLQJWKHDQFKRUEROWXQGHUVWDWLFSXOORXWORDGFDQEHVHHQLQ)LJ

5HVXOWDQGGLVFXVVLRQ

3.1 Compressive strength, tensile strength and modulus elasticity of mortar

$OO VDPSOHV ZHUH WHVWHG DIWHU  GD\V DJH 7KH DYHUDJH RI WHQ VDPSOH UHVXOW LV  03D DQG  *3D IRU FRPSUHVVLYHVWUHQJWKDQGPRGXOXVHODVWLFLW\UHVSHFWLYHO\)LYHVDPSOHVRIVSOLWWHQVLOHZHUHWHVWHGDQGWKHDYHUDJH RIVWUHQJWKLV03D%\ZHLJKWLQJDQGPHDVXULQJWKHVL]HWKHGHQVLW\RIPRUWDUFDQEHREWDLQHGWKDWLV

3.2 Anchor bolt structures under pull-out load test

3.2.1 Reaction force and displacement

)LYHVDPSOHVRISXOORXWWHVWZHUHFRQGXFWHG6DPSOH$DQG%ZHUHWHVWHGDIWHUGD\VDJHZKLOHRWKHUVDPSOHV ZHUH H[DPLQHG DIWHU  GD\V $IWHU FRQGXFWLQJ WKH SXOORXW WHVW WR WKH DQFKRU EROW VWUXFWXUH VHYHUDO GDWD FDQ EH JDLQHG VXFK DV WKH UHDFWLRQ IRUFH GLVSODFHPHQW DQG IDLOXUH PRGH )LJ  GHSLFWV WKH JUDSK VKRZLQJ FRUUHODWLRQ EHWZHHQORDGDQGGLVSODFHPHQWRIWKHDQFKRUEROW7KHGLVSODFHPHQWRIDQFKRUEROWZDVH[DPLQHGE\GLDOJDXJHQR

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



)LJ/RDGGLVSODFHPHQWRIDQFKRUEROWXQGHUSXOORXWORDGWHVW

3.2.2 Failure mode, cone failure area and concrete cone surface stress

7KLVH[SHULPHQWDOSURJUDPXVHVDVKDOORZGHSWKRIDQFKRUEROWZLWKUDWLRGHSWKWRGLDPHWHURIDQFKRUHTXDO

%\DSSO\LQJWKLVGHSWKWKHFRQHIDLOXUHLVH[SHFWHGDQGZLOOEHIRXQGLQDOOVDPSOHV$IWHUH[DPLQLQJWKHSXOORXW WHVWDSSOLHGWRWKHDQFKRUEROWVWUXFWXUHLWFDQEHQRWLILHGWKDWDOOVDPSOHVKDYHIDLOXUHVZLWKWKHFRQHIDLOXUHW\SH HYHQWKH\KDYHDFRPELQDWLRQIDLOXUHEHWZHHQFRQHIDLOXUHDQGERQGIDLOXUHVHH)LJ

)LJVKRZVWKHFRQHIDLOXUHVXUIDFHZKLFKLVH[DPLQHGIURPWKHWRS7KHDUHDRIFRQHIDLOXUHVXUIDFHFDQEH GLYLGHGE\LQQHUDQGRXWVLGHDUHD7KHRXWVLGHDUHDLVWKHWRWDODUHDRIFRQHIDLOXUHEHIRUHEUHDNLQJZKLOHWKHLQQHU DUHDLVWKHFRQLFDOIRUPRIFRQFUHWHDWWDFKLQJWRWKHSXOOHGDQFKRUEROW7KHRXWVLGHOLQHLVVKRZQLQ)LJDZLWKD UHGOLQHZKLOHWKHLQQHUOLQHFDQEHVHHQLQ)LJEZKLFKLVGHILQHGE\DEODFNOLQH

$VLGHYLHZRIWKHFRPELQDWLRQEHWZHHQFRQHIDLOXUHDQGERQGIDLOXUHRIDQFKRUEROWDIWHUWKHSXOORXWORDGWHVW FDQEHVHHQLQ)LJ7KLVILJXUHFOHDUO\VKRZVKRZWKHERQGLQJIDLOXUHRFFXUVDWWKHHQGRIDQFKRUEROWZKHUHDV WKHFRQHIDLOXUHRFFXUVLQWKHQHDUWRFRQFUHWHVXUIDFH)LJDVKRZVWKHVDPSOHRIVLGHYLHZRIDQFKRUEROWFRQH IDLOXUHZKLOHWKHLOOXVWUDWLRQRIGHWDLOVL]HRIWKLVIDLOXUHFDQEHVHHQLQ)LJE)XUWKHUPRUHWKHPHDVXULQJVL]H IRUHDFKVLGHDQGWKHGHJUHHRIFRQHVORSHĮFDQEHREVHUYHGWKDWDUHLQQHUVLGHDUHDDQGRXWVLGHDUHDUHVSHFWLYHO\ 7KH GHJUHH RI FRQH VORSH IRXQG E\ H[SHULPHQW LV VLJQLILFDQWO\ ORZHU WKDQ WKH GHVLJQ VWDQGDUG DVVXPHG WKDW LV

7R GHWHUPLQH WKH VWUHVVRI WKH FRQFUHWH FRQH VXUIDFH WKHDUHDRI WKH FRQFUHWH FRQH VXUIDFH WKH WRWDO LQQHU DQG RXWVLGHDUHDVKRXOGEHFDOFXODWHG7KHVL]HRIHDFKFUDFNLQJVLGHUHIHUVWRWKHJULGZLWKWKHVL]HFP%\DVVXPLQJ WKDWWKHVWUHVVRIFRQFUHWHLVXQLIRUPDWWKHFRQHIDLOXUHVXUIDFHWKRURXJKO\WKHFRQHVWUHVVFDQEHGHWHUPLQHGE\WKH PD[LPXPORDGLQJFDSDFLW\DQGWKHFRQFUHWHFRQHVXUIDFHDUHD7KHUHVXOWRIFRQHVWUHVVRIH[SHULPHQWDOWHVWLV 03DDQG03DIRURXWVLGHDUHDDQGLQQHUDUHDUHVSHFWLYHO\





DE

)LJ&UDFNLQJOLQHDWWKHFRQFUHWHVXUIDFHDIWHUSXOORXWORDGWHVWDRXWVLGHOLQHELQQHUOLQH

DE

)LJ7KHVLGHYLHZRIDQFKRUIDLOXUHDQGGHWDLORIIDLOXUHVL]HVDIDLOXUHRIVDPSOH(EGHWDLORIIDLOXUHVL]HV

GHSWKBVLGHB

GHSWKBVLGHB

7RWDODQFKRUGHSWK

3.3 Comparison between experimental result and design standards

3.3.1 Comparison of cone stress

7KHUHDUHVHYHUDOGDWDWKDWFDQEHFROOHFWHGE\WKHH[SHULPHQWDOSURJUDPQDPHO\WKHPHFKDQLFDOSURSHUWLHVRI VWHHODQFKRUDQGPRUWDUPD[LPXPORDGLQJFDSDFLW\RIDQFKRUVWUXFWXUHDQGFRQHVWUHVV2QWKHRWKHUKDQGVRPH HTXDWLRQVDUHDOUHDG\DYDLODEOHWRSUHGLFWWKHFRQHVWUHVVRIWKHDQFKRUEROWVWUXFWXUHVXFKDV&&0E\(T>@

&&'E\(T>@DQG-DSDQHVHVWDQGDUG-6&(E\(T>@7RHYDOXDWHDQGYDOLGDWHWKHH[SHULPHQWDOUHVXOW ZH QHHG WR FRPSDUH WKH H[SHULPHQWDO WR WKH GHVLJQ VWDQGDUGV DQG LQ WKLV FDVH ZH RQO\ FRPSDUH WKH WHQVLOH FRQH VWUHVVEHWZHHQWKHH[SHULPHQWUHVXOWWRWKHGHVLJQVWDQGDUGV)LJD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LWFDQEHUHFRJQL]HGWKDWWKHFRQHVWUHVVRIWKHRXWVLGHDUHDDURXQGWZR WKLUG RI WKH LQQHU VLGH DUHD ,W LV DOVR VKRXOG EH QRWHG WKDW WKH VWUHVV RI H[SHULPHQWDO UHVXOW OHVV WKDQ KDOI RI WKH VWDQGDUGHLWKHU&&0DQG&&'RU-6&(VWDQGDUGV7KHDYHUDJHRIFRQHVWUHVVLVDQG03DIRU WKHRXWVLGHDUHDLQQHUVLGHDUHDRIH[SHULPHQWDOUHVXOWV-6&(DQG&&0DQG&&'VWDQGDUGVUHVSHFWLYHO\



)LJ7KHFRPSDULVRQEHWZHHQH[SHULPHQWDODQGGHVLJQVWDQGDUGVDFRQHIDLOXUHVWUHVVESXOORXWORDGLQJFDSDFLW\

3.3.2 Comparison of maximum pull-out loading capacity

7KH PHFKDQLFDO SURSHUWLHV RI FRQFUHWH DQG VWHHO DQFKRU KDYH EHHQ DOUHDG\ JDLQHG DV ZHOO DV WKH GHSWK DQG GLDPHWHURIDQFKRUKDYHEHHQGHVLJQHGVRLWKDVHQDEOHGWRFRPSDUHEHWZHHQH[SHULPHQWDODQGGHVLJQVWDQGDUGV 7KHFRPSDULVRQUHVXOWRIWKHSXOORXWORDGLQJFDSDFLW\RIDQFKRUEROWXQGHUVWDWLFSXOORXWORDGLVSUHVHQWHGLQ)LJ

E 7KH UHVXOW H[SUHVVHV WKDW WKH ORDGLQJ FDSDFLW\ RI H[SHULPHQWDO VLJQLILFDQWO\ ORZHU WKDQ WKH GHVLJQ VWDQGDUGV HYHQDOPRVWDKDOIRI-6&(VWDQGDUG,WLVDOVRFDQEHQRWLFHGWKDWWKH-6&(KDVWKHKLJKHVWUHVLVWDQFHN1 WKDQRWKHUVWDQGDUGVWKHQIROORZHGE\&&'PHWKRGN1DQG&&0PHWKRGN1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ɲсƒaƒLVVPDOOHU WKDQGHVLJQVWDQGDUGVɲ ƒaƒ

















&&0DQG&&' -6&( ([SULQQHUVLGH ([SURXWVLGH

$QDO\VLV0HWKRG



















&&0 &&' -6&( ([SHULPHQW

$QDO\VLV0HWKRG

7KH H[SHULPHQWDO UHVXOWV FOHDUO\ VKRZ WKDW D FRPELQDWLRQ IDLOXUH PRGH EHWZHHQ WKH FRQH DQG ERQG IDLOXUH RI DQFKRU EROW ZDV IRXQG FRQVHTXHQWO\ WKH GHSWK RI WKH FRQH IDLOXUH SDUW UHGXFHG DQG WKH DQJOH RI FRQH VORSH

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

5HIHUHQFHV

>@ *6RORPRV0%HUUD7HVWLQJRIDQFKRUDJHLQFRQFUHWHXQGHUG\QDPLFWHQVLOHORDGLQJ0DWHULDOVDQG6WUXFWXUHV9ROSS



>@ $&,&RGHUHTXLUHPHQWVIRUQXFOHDUVDIHW\UHODWHGFRQFUHWHVWUXFWXUHV$PHULFDQ&RQFUHWH,QVWLWXWH86$

>@ $&,%XLOGLQJFRGHUHTXLUHPHQWVIRUVWUXFWXUDOFRQFUHWHDQGFRPPHQWDU\$PHULFDQ&RQFUHWH,QVWLWXWH86$

>@ :)XFKV5(OLJHKDXVHQ-(%UHHQ&RQFUHWH&DSDFLW\'HVLJQ&&'DSSURDFKIRUIDVWHQLQJWRFRQFUHWH$&,6WUXFWXUDO-RXUQDO9RO 1RSS

>@ +<DQJ$)$VKRXU0HFKDQLVPDQDO\VLVIRUFRQFUHWHEUHDNRXWFDSDFLW\RIVLQJOHDQFKRUVLQWHQVLRQ$&,6WUXFWXUDO-RXUQDO9RO 1RSS

>@ < &KHQ ([SHULPHQWDO VWXG\ DQG VWUHVV DQDO\VLV RI URFN EROW DQFKRUDJH SHUIRUPDQFH -RXUQDO RI 5RFN 0HFKDQLFV DQG *HRWHFKQLFDO (QJLQHHULQJ9ROSS

>@ )*UHFR//HRQHWWL5/XFLDQR$PXOWLVFDOHPRGHOIRUWKHQXPHULFDOVLPXODWLRQRIWKHDQFKRUEROWSXOORXWWHVWLQOLJKWZHLJKWDJJUHJDWH FRQFUHWH&RQVWUXFWLRQDQG%XLOGLQJ0DWHULDOV9ROSS

>@ 5(OLJHKDXVHQ5$&RRN-$SSO%HKDYLRUDQGGHVLJQRIDGKHVLYHERQGHGDQFKRUV$&,6WUXFWXUDO-RXUQDO9RO1RSS



>@ -6&(6WDQGDUGVSHFLILFDWLRQVIRUFRQFUHWHVWUXFWXUHV'HVLJQ-6&(*XLGHOLQHVIRU&RQFUHWH1R-DSDQ6RFLHW\RI&LYLO(QJLQHHU -DSDQ

>@$670&D6WDQGDUG7HVW0HWKRGIRU&RPSUHVVLYH6WUHQJWKRI+\GUDXOLF&HPHQW0RUWDUV$670,QWHUQDWLRQDO86$

>@5(OLJHKDXVHQ50DOOHH-)6LOYD$QFKRUDJHLQ&RQFUHWH&RQVWUXFWLRQ)LUVWHGLWLRQ(UQVW 6RKQ%HUOLQ

>@.)XMLNDNH-1DND\DPD+6DWR60LQGHVV7,VKLEDVKL&KHPLFDOO\ERQGHGDQFKRUVVXEMHFWHGWRUDSLGSXOORXWORDGLQJ$&,0DWHULDOV -RXUQDO9RO1RSS

>@-%-DQJ<36XK7KHH[SHULPHQWDOLQYHVWLJDWLRQRIFUDFN¶VLQIOXHQFHRQWKHFRQFUHWHEUHDNRXWVWUHQJWKRIDFDVWLQSODFHDQFKRU1XFOHDU DQG(QJLQHHULQJ'HVLJQ9ROSS

>@06+RHKOHU30DKUHQKROW]5(OLJHKDXVHQ%HKDYLRURIDQFKRUVLQFRQFUHWHDWVHLVPLFUHOHYDQWORDGLQJUDWHV$&,6WUXFWXUDO-RXUQDO 9RO1RSS

>@$670(6WDQGDUGWHVWPHWKRGVIRUVWUHQJWKRIDQFKRUVLQFRQFUHWHHOHPHQWV$670,QWHUQDWLRQDO86$

>@-,6$0HWKRGRIWHVWIRUFRPSUHVVLYHVWUHQJWKRIFRQFUHWH-DSDQ6RFLHW\RI&LYLO(QJLQHHU

>@-,6$0HWKRGRIWHVWIRUVSOLWWLQJWHQVLOHVWUHQJWKRIFRQFUHWH-DSDQ6RFLHW\RI&LYLO(QJLQHHU



Peer-review under responsibility of the organizing committee of SCESCM 2016.

H[LVWLQJRUKLVWRULFDOEXLOGLQJVDQGRWKHUSDUWLFXODUDQFKRUDJHGHPDQGV>@7KHSXUSRVHRIDQFKRUEROWXVHGLVWR... RIVWUHQJWKLV03D%\ZHLJKWLQJDQGPHDVXULQJWKHVL]HWKHGHQVLW\RIPRUWDUFDQEHREWDLQHGWKDWLV

3.2 Anchor bolt structures under pull- out load test

3.2.1 Reaction force and displacement

)LYHVDPSOHVRISXOORXWWHVWZHUHFRQGXFWHG6DPSOH$DQG%ZHUHWHVWHGDIWHUGD\VDJHZKLOHRWKHUVDPSOHV... VWUHQJWKXOWLPDWHIUDFWXUHVWUDLQDQGPRGXOXVHODVWLFLW\UHVSHFWLYHO\

2.2 Mix proportioning of concrete- mortar and sample size of mortar block

,Q WKLV H[SHULPHQWDO WHVW ZH XVH PRUWDU