Dynamic Multi-sensor Operation and Read-out for Highly Selective Gas Sensor Systems

Dynamic Multi sensor Operation and Read out for Highly Selective Gas Sensor Systems Procedia Engineering 168 ( 2016 ) 1685 – 1688 Available online at www sciencedirect com 1877 7058 © 2016 The Authors[.]

Procedia Engineering 168 ( 2016 ) 1685 – 1688

1877-7058 © 2016 The Authors Published by Elsevier Ltd This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license

( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ ).

Peer-review under responsibility of the organizing committee of the 30th Eurosensors Conference

doi: 10.1016/j.proeng.2016.11.490

ScienceDirect

WK(XURVHQVRUV&RQIHUHQFH(8526(16256

'\QDPLFPXOWLVHQVRURSHUDWLRQDQGUHDGRXW

IRUKLJKO\VHOHFWLYHJDVVHQVRUV\VWHPV

0%DVWXFN :5HLPULQJHUE7&RQUDGE$6FKW]HD

D /DEIRU0HDVXUHPHQW7HFKQRORJ\6DDUODQG8QLYHUVLW\6DDUEUFNHQ*HUPDQ\

E 6*PE+6DDUEUFNHQ*HUPDQ\

F 'LYRI$SSOLHG6HQVRU6FLHQFH/LQN|SLQJ8QLYHUVLW\/LQN|SLQJ6ZHGHQ

$EVWUDFW

:HGHVFULEHKDUGZDUHDQGDOJRULWKPVZKLFKHQDEOHKLJKO\VHOHFWLYHDQGVHQVLWLYHRSHUDWLRQRIWKHWZRJDVVHQVRU W\SHVXVHGLQWKH6(16,QGRRUSURMHFW7KHUHVLVWDQFHRIDPHWDOR[LGHVHPLFRQGXFWRU026W\SHFDQULVHDERYH

*ȍ LQ WHPSHUDWXUH F\FOHG RSHUDWLRQ 7&2 ZKLFK LV PHDVXUHG XVLQJ D ORJDULWKPLF DPSOLILHU $ VLOLFRQFDUELGH EDVHG JDVVHQVLWLYH ILHOGHIIHFW WUDQVLVWRU 6L&)(7 GULYHQ ZLWK D FRPELQDWLRQ RI 7&2 DQG JDWHELDV F\FOHG RSHUDWLRQ*%&2LVXVHGDVVHFRQGFRPSOLPHQWDU\VHQVRU7KHF\FOLFVHQVRUVLJQDOVH[KLELWGLVWLQFWVKDSHFKDQJHV GHSHQGLQJ RQ WKH JDV SUHVHQW ZKLFK LV FDSWXUHG E\ SDWWHUQ UHFRJQLWLRQ ,Q WKLV VWXG\ ZH XVH /LQHDU 'LVFULPLQDQW

$QDO\VLV /'$ IRU GLVFULPLQDWLRQ DQG 3DUWLDO /HDVW 6TXDUHV 5HJUHVVLRQ 3/65 IRU TXDQWLILFDWLRQ RI SSE FRQFHQWUDWLRQVRIWDUJHW92&VLQFKDQJLQJSSPFRQFHQWUDWLRQVRILQWHUIHULQJJDVHVIRULQGRRUDLUTXDOLW\DVVHVVPHQW

‹7KH$XWKRUV3XEOLVKHGE\(OVHYLHU/WG

3HHUUHYLHZXQGHUUHVSRQVLELOLW\RIWKHRUJDQL]LQJFRPPLWWHHRIWKHWK(XURVHQVRUV&RQIHUHQFH

.H\ZRUGV0266L&)(7SUHFRQFHQWUDWRUWHPSHUDWXUHF\FOHGRSHUDWLRQPXOWLYDULDWHGDWDDQDO\VLVUHJUHVVLRQ

,QWURGXFWLRQ

3HRSOHVSHQGPRUHWKDQRIWKHLUWLPHLQGRRUVUHQGHULQJLQGRRUDLUTXDOLW\DKLJKLPSDFWIDFWRUIRUKXPDQ KHDOWK+D]DUGRXVYRODWLOHRUJDQLFFRPSRXQGV92&VDUHHPLWWHGIURPPDQ\VROYHQWVXVHGLQHYHU\GD\SURGXFWV DQG WKXV DFFXPXODWH LQGRRUV ZLWKRXW YHQWLODWLRQ 2Q WKH RWKHU KDQG FRQWLQXRXV YHQWLODWLRQ LV QR YLDEOH VROXWLRQ





&RUUHVSRQGLQJDXWKRU7HOID[

(PDLODGGUHVVPEDVWXFN#OPWXQLVDDUODQGGH

© 2016 The Authors Published by Elsevier Ltd This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license

( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ ).

Peer-review under responsibility of the organizing committee of the 30th Eurosensors Conference

HLWKHUDVSRWHQWLDOO\KLJKHUSROOXWLRQIURPRXWVLGHFDQEHFDUULHGLQVLGHDQGDLUFRQGLWLRQLQJFDXVHVVLJQLILFDQWFRVW +HQFHDVPDOODQGFKHDSV\VWHPLVGHVLUDEOHZKLFKLVDEOHWRGHWHFWDQGTXDQWLI\KD]DUGRXV92&VVHOHFWLYHO\DQG WXUQRQWKHYHQWLODWLRQRQO\ZKHQLWLVQHFHVVDU\7KHWRWDO92&792&YDOXHZKLFKLVXVHGLQVRPHV\VWHPVRQ WKHPDUNHWLVQRUHOLDEOHLQGLFDWRU7KLVLVHDVLO\VHHQIRUWKHH[DPSOHRIHWKDQROD92&ZKLFKFDQEHSUHVHQWLQ ODUJHDPRXQWVIURPSHUIXPHFOHDQLQJDJHQWVRUDOFRKROLFGULQNVEXWLVQRW KD]DUGRXVWRKXPDQ KHDOWKLQXVXDO FRQFHQWUDWLRQVLQWKHJDVSKDVH(WKDQROLVWKXVWUHDWHGDVLQWHUIHULQJJDVLQWKLVVWXG\LHLWVSUHVHQFHVKRXOGQRW FDXVHDODUP XSWRSSPOHYHO%HQ]HQHQDSKWKDOHQHDQG IRUPDOGHK\GH KDYHEHHQLGHQWLILHGDVKLJKSULRULW\WDUJHW 92&VEHFDXVHRIWKHLUFODVVLILFDWLRQDVFDUFLQRJHQV7KH:RUOG+HDOWK2UJDQL]DWLRQUHFRPPHQGVQRVDIHOLPLWIRU EHQ]HQHDQGSSEDQGSSEIRUQDSKWKDOHQHDQGIRUPDOGHK\GHUHVSHFWLYHO\>@

,Q WKH (8 SURMHFW 6(16,QGRRU WZR VHQVRU WHFKQRORJLHV DUH FRPELQHG LQ RQH V\VWHP D PHWDOR[LGH VHPLFRQGXFWRU 026 JDV VHQVRU DQG D VLOLFRQFDUELGH EDVHG JDVVHQVLWLYH ILHOGHIIHFW WUDQVLVWRU 6L&)(7 >@ 7KH 026 VHQVRU LV FRPSOHPHQWHG ZLWK D PLFURSUHFRQFHQWUDWRU >@ $OO WKUHH GHYLFHV DUH UXQ ZLWK WHPSHUDWXUH F\FOHGRSHUDWLRQ7&2WRHQKDQFHVHQVLWLYLW\DQGVHOHFWLYLW\2QWKH6L&)(77&2LVFRPSOHPHQWHGE\JDWHELDV F\FOHGRSHUDWLRQ*%&2$OOF\FOHVPXVWEHV\QFKURQL]HGSUHFLVHO\WRDFKLHYHRSWLPXPV\VWHPSHUIRUPDQFH7KH GDWDIURPERWKVHQVRUW\SHVDUHFRPELQHGDQGIHGWRDPRGHOEDVHGRQPXOWLYDULDWHGDWDDQDO\VLV'LIIHUHQWPRGHOV DUHDSSOLHGIRUFODVVLILFDWLRQRUTXDQWLILFDWLRQRIWKHJDVFRPSRQHQWVSUHVHQW

7KHIROORZLQJVHFWLRQZLOOFRYHUWKHKDUGZDUHVSHFLILFDWLRQVZLWKIRFXVRQWKHORJDULWKPLFDPSOLILHUWKHDSSOLHG F\FOHV DQG WKHLU LQWHUSOD\ GDWD SURFHVVLQJ DSSURDFKHV DQG SUHOLPLQDU\ UHVXOWV WKDW KDYH EHHQ DFKLHYHG ZLWK WKH FRPELQDWLRQRIWKHWHFKQLTXHVGHVFULEHG

0HWKRGVDQGLPSOHPHQWDWLRQ

+DUGZDUH

7&2 UHTXLUHV D UHOLDEOH WHPSHUDWXUH FRQWURO RI WKH VHQVLQJ HOHPHQW ,QVWHDG RI SRZHU FRQWURO RU DQ LQWHJUDWHG WHPSHUDWXUHVHQVRUKHDWHUVZLWKZHOOFKDUDFWHUL]HG57GHSHQGHQF\DUHXVHGIRUDOOWKUHHGHYLFHVDVWKRVHDOORZIRU EHVWDFFXUDF\LQFRPELQDWLRQZLWKDUHVLVWDQFHFRQWUROORRS

026W\SHVHQVRUVH[KLELWUHVLVWDQFHYDOXHVLQWKH*ȍUDQJHLQVHFWLRQVRIWKHLUWHPSHUDWXUHF\FOHDIWHUDVXGGHQ FRROGRZQ>@7RPHDVXUHVXFKYDOXHVZLWKORZQRLVHWKHORJDPSOLILHU/2*7H[DV,QVWUXPHQWVLVHPSOR\HG ZKLFKFRQYHUWVDFXUUHQWVLJQDOWRDORJDULWKPLFYROWDJHVLJQDO,WLVFRQQHFWHGDVFORVHO\DVSRVVLEOHWRWKHVHQVRULQ RUGHUWRNHHSLQGXFHGQRLVHLQWKHFXUUHQWVLJQDOORZDQGHQDEOHWLJKWJXDUGLQJRIWKLVSDUWRIWKHV\VWHP7KHORJ DPSOLILHU WKHQ FRQYHUWV WKH VPDOO VLJQDOV aQ$ LQWR PXFK ODUJHU VLJQDOV a9 ZKLFK DUH HDVLO\ WUDQVIHUUHG RYHU ORQJHUGLVWDQFHVOHVVLQIOXHQFHGE\LQGXFHGQRLVHDQGFDQEHPHDVXUHGZLWKFRQYHQWLRQDOKDUGZDUH

7KHKDUGZDUHIRUERWKVHQVRUW\SHVHQDEOHVG\QDPLFSURJUDPPLQJRIWHPSHUDWXUHDQGJDWHELDVF\FOHV:KLOHWKH ERDUGFRQWUROOLQJWKH026SUHFRQFHQWUDWRUV\VWHPZULWHVLWVGDWDGLUHFWO\RQWRDQ6'FDUGWKH6L&)(7ERDUGLV FRQQHFWHG WR D VPDOO 3& UXQQLQJ D /DE9,(: SURJUDP ZKLFK VDYHV WKH GDWD DV FRPSUHVVHG +') HQDEOLQJ FRQWLQXRXVWHVWLQJLQWKHILHOGIRUVHYHUDOZHHNVZLWKERWKV\VWHPV

2SHUDWLQJPRGHV

7KH 026SUHFRQFHQWUDWRU VXEV\VWHP LV GULYHQ ZLWK WKH F\FOHV VKRZQ LQ )LJ D )RU WKH ILUVW V WKH SUH FRQFHQWUDWRU LV DW URRP WHPSHUDWXUH DOORZLQJ DGVRUSWLRQ RI JDV PROHFXOHV 7KH VHQVRU WHPSHUDWXUH LV ƒ& DV D FRPSURPLVH EHWZHHQ ORZ HQHUJ\ FRQVXPSWLRQ DQG SUHYHQWLQJ FRQWDPLQDWLRQ RI WKH VXUIDFH 7HQ VHFRQGV EHIRUH UHOHDVH WKH VHQVRU LV KHDWHG WR ƒ& WR FOHDQ WKH VXUIDFH 7KH VHQVRU WKHQ SHUIRUPV D UDPSSODWHDXUDPS F\FOH WZLFHVV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

ƒ& ƒ& « ƒ& FRYHULQJ D UDQJH ZKLFK KDV VKRZQ VLJQLILFDQW GLIIHUHQFHV LQ VHQVLWLYLW\ WRZDUGV WKH WDUJHW 92&V VR WKDW WKH UDWLRV RI VHQVRU VLJQDOV GXULQJ WKHVH SODWHDXV VKRXOG FDUU\ LQIRUPDWLRQ DERXW JDV DQG FRQFHQWUDWLRQ 2Q HDFK SODWHDX WKH JDWH ELDV LV YDULHG WR EH 9 9 9 DQG 9 6HYHUDO SXEOLFDWLRQV KDYH UHSRUWHG GHSHQGHQFH EHWZHHQ VHQVRU UHVSRQVH DQG JDWH ELDV >@ VR WKDW LPSURYHG LQIRUPDWLRQ JDLQ LV H[SHFWHG IURPWKLVFRPELQDWLRQRIF\FOHV



      

WLPHV







      

WLPHV







gas sensor

pre-concentrator



WLPHV











WLPHV









)LJ&\FOHVXVHGIRUDWKH026SUHFRQFHQWUDWRUV\VWHPDQGWKHE6L&)(7VHQVRU

'DWDSURFHVVLQJ

)RUEHWWHUVHQVLWLYLW\DQGVHOHFWLYLW\ZHLQWHUSUHWHDFKF\FOHFRQVLVWLQJRIVHYHUDOKXQGUHGVLQJOHPHDVXUHPHQWV DVMXVWRQHPHDVXUHPHQWZLWKVHYHUDOKXQGUHGGLPHQVLRQV7KLVSURFHGXUH\LHOGVDVLJQDOYHU\VLPLODUWRZKDWZRXOG EH SURGXFHG E\ D VHQVRU DUUD\ ZLWK VHYHUDO KXQGUHG VHQVRUV ³YLUWXDO PXOWLVHQVRU´ >@ KRZHYHU ZLWK PXFK UHGXQGDQWGDWD7RUHGXFHUHGXQGDQF\ZKLFKZRXOGFDXVHSUREOHPVLQWKHPXOWLYDULDWHPHWKRGV>@DSSOLHGODWHURQ GLPHQVLRQDOLW\PXVWEHUHGXFHGZKLOHNHHSLQJPRVWRIWKHLPSRUWDQWLQIRUPDWLRQ,QDILUVWVWHSWKLVLVDFKLHYHGE\ PDQXDOO\ VHOHFWLQJ ³UHOHYDQW´ SDUWV LQ WKH F\FOH DQG FRPSXWLQJ IHDWXUHV OLNH HJ PHDQ YDOXH RU VORSH IRU HDFK F\FOH³5HOHYDQW´KHUHUHIHUVWRVHJPHQWVLQWKHF\FOHZKHUHJUHDWGLIIHUHQFHVEHWZHHQJDVHVRUFRQFHQWUDWLRQVDUH VHHQRUH[SHFWHGLIDPRGHOLVDYDLODEOH7KLVVWHSRIWHQUHGXFHVGLPHQVLRQDOLW\E\PRUHWKDQ

,QDVXEVHTXHQWVWHSGLPHQVLRQDOLW\UHGXFWLRQPHWKRGVOLNH3&$SULQFLSDOFRPSRQHQWDQDO\VLVPDLQO\IRUGDWD H[SORUDWLRQ RU /'$ OLQHDU GLVFULPLQDQW DQDO\VLV PDLQO\ IRU PRGHO EXLOGLQJ )LJ D FDQ DJDLQ UHGXFH WKH GLPHQVLRQV>@RIWHQWRDQXPEHUVPDOOHURUHTXDOWRWKUHHZKLOHVWLOOPDLQWDLQLQJWKHLPSRUWDQWSDUWRILQIRUPDWLRQ FRQWDLQHG LQ WKH RULJLQDO VLJQDO %RWK PHWKRGV SURGXFH D VHW RI FRHIILFLHQWV DOORZLQJ WKH SURMHFWLRQ RI QHZ GDWD SRLQWVLQWRWKHORZGLPHQVLRQDOVSDFHXVLQJVLPSOHOLQHDUFRPELQDWLRQV7KHVHQHZSRLQWVPXVWWKHQEHFODVVLILHGLQ RUGHU WR ILQG RXW ZKLFK JDV RU JDV PL[WXUH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³EHQ]HQHQR EHQ]HQH´ DQG DV

³QDSKWKDOHQHQRQDSKWKDOHQH´7KHFODVVLILFDWLRQWKUHVKROGGHWHUPLQHVWKH³DODUPYDOXH´IRUHDFKJDVVSHFLILFDOO\ ,I D PRUH SUHFLVH TXDQWLILFDWLRQ LV UHTXLUHG 3DUWLDO /HDVW 6TXDUHV 5HJUHVVLRQ 3/65 )LJ E >@ FDQ EH SHUIRUPHGZLWKWKHVDPHIHDWXUHVWKDWZHUHXVHGIRU3&$/'$3/65EXLOGVDUHJUHVVLRQPRGHODQGWKXVRXWSXWVD FRQFHQWUDWLRQHVWLPDWHIRUHDFKGDWDSRLQW$OVRKHUHGLIIHUHQWPRGHOVIRUGLIIHUHQWJDVHVZLOOEHEXLOWWKDWFDQEH HPSOR\HGIRUVHOHFWLYHTXDQWLILFDWLRQRIWDUJHW92&VZKLOHLJQRULQJLQWHUIHULQJJDVHV

(YHU\PRGHOPXVWEHYDOLGDWHGWRVKRZWKDWLWLVQRWRYHUILWWHGDQGSURGXFHVPHDQLQJIXOUHVXOWVDOVRIRUQHZGDWD 7KLVLVGRQHDWWKHWLPHRIPRGHOFUHDWLRQRQDUHJXODU3&QRWWKHORZFRVWKDUGZDUHZLWKIROGFURVVYDOLGDWLRQ &9,QWKLVPHWKRGWKHGDWDVHWXVHGWRILWWKHPRGHOLVGLYLGHGLQWRWHQSDUWVQLQHRIZKLFKDUHXVHGWREXLOGWKH PRGHO7KHUHPDLQLQJSDUWLVWKHQSUHGLFWHGXVLQJWKLVPRGHODQGWKHSUHGLFWLRQUHVXOWLVFRPSDUHGZLWKWKHNQRZQ

WUXHUHVXOW7KLVLVGRQHWHQWLPHVVRWKDWHDFKSDUWKDVEHHQXVHGIRUWHVWLQJ2XUIUDPHZRUN'$9ñ(>@SURYLGHVDQ HDV\XVHULQWHUIDFHDQGDXWRPDWLFSURFHVVLQJDELOLWLHVRIODUJHGDWDFROOHFWLRQVWRGHWHUPLQHWKHEHVWPRGHOV

 1st Discriminant function (54.82 %)-5 0 5 10

-8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8

2nd Discriminant function (33.21 %) CV: 99.5399 %

air benzene naphthalene formaldehyde

0 5 20 35

naphthalene

13 comp.

20 feat.

R = 98.3 % res = 9.6 ppb

training data mean / 3σ optimal line



)LJD/'$GLVFULPLQDWLQJEHQ]HQHSSEQDSKWKDOHQHSSEDQGIRUPDOGHK\GHSSEIURPDLUDQGHDFKRWKHU 7KHXQGHUO\LQJIHDWXUHVPHDQYDOXHVDQGVORSHVDUHWDNHQIURPD6L&)(7ZLWKDRQHPLQXWHWHPSHUDWXUHF\FOHFRPSULVLQJWKUHHGLIIHUHQW WHPSHUDWXUHVE3/65TXDQWLI\LQJGLIIHUHQWFRQFHQWUDWLRQVRIQDSKWKDOHQHZLWKWKHVDPHIHDWXUHVWKDWZHUHXVHGIRUGLVFULPLQDWLRQLQD

&RQFOXVLRQ

:HKDYHSUHVHQWHGKDUGZDUHDQGVLJQDOSURFHVVLQJDOJRULWKPVXVHGLQWKH(8SURMHFW6(16,QGRRUIRUVHOHFWLYH GHWHFWLRQDQGTXDQWLILFDWLRQRIKD]DUGRXV92&VLQLQGRRUDLU6HQVLWLYLW\DQGVHOHFWLYLW\DUHLQFUHDVHGE\7&2IRU ERWKVHQVRUWHFKQRORJLHVDQGDVHOHFWLYHSUHFRQFHQWUDWRUDQG*%&2IRU026DQG6L&)(7VHQVRUVUHVSHFWLYHO\ 7R HQDEOH TXLFN DQG UHOLDEOH PHDVXUHPHQWV LQ WKH *ȍ UDQJH IRU WKH 026 VHQVRU D ORJ DPSOLILHU LV XVHG 7KH UHFRUGHG GDWD LV SURFHVVHG ZLWK PXOWLYDULDWH PHWKRGV OLNH /'$ DQG UHGXFHG WR RQH GLPHQVLRQ VR WKDW LW FDQ EH FODVVLILHG ZLWKDVLPSOHWKUHVKROGYDOXH)RUFRPSOH[FODVVLILFDWLRQWDVNVDGHFLVLRQWUHHRIVHYHUDOVSHFLILF/'$ PRGHOVDQGFODVVLILHUVLVEXLOW7KXVWKHSUREOHPLVGLYLGHGLQWRVLPSOHVXESUREOHPVHDV\WRLPSOHPHQWRQFKHDS KDUGZDUHHYHQWXDOO\HQDEOLQJLQGRRUDLUTXDOLW\PRQLWRULQJURXWLQHO\LQSXEOLFEXLOGLQJVDQGSULYDWHKRPHV

$FNQRZOHGJHPHQWV

7KLV SURMHFW KDV UHFHLYHG IXQGLQJ IURP WKH (XURSHDQ 8QLRQ¶V 6HYHQWK )UDPHZRUN 3URJUDPPH IRU UHVHDUFK WHFKQRORJLFDOGHYHORSPHQWDQGGHPRQVWUDWLRQXQGHUJUDQWDJUHHPHQW1R

5HIHUHQFHV

>@ :+25HJLRQDO2IILFHIRU(XURSH:+2JXLGHOLQHVIRULQGRRUDLUTXDOLW\*HQHYDGRL6,

>@ 0$QGHUVVRQ53HDUFH$/6SHW]1HZJHQHUDWLRQ6L&EDVHGILHOGHIIHFWWUDQVLVWRUJDVVHQVRUV6HQVRUV$FWXDWRUV%&KHP

±GRLMVQE

>@ 0/HLGLQJHU05LHJHU76DXHUZDOG&$OpSpH$6FKW]H,QWHJUDWHGSUHFRQFHQWUDWRUJDVVHQVRUPLFURV\VWHPIRUSSEOHYHOEHQ]HQH GHWHFWLRQ6HQVRUV$FWXDWRUV%&KHPGRLMVQE

>@ 7%DXU$6FKW]H76DXHUZDOG2SWLPLHUXQJGHVWHPSHUDWXU]\NOLVFKHQ%HWULHEVYRQ+DOEOHLWHUJDVVHQVRUHQ7P7HFK0HVV

±GRLWHPH

>@ $6FKW]H$*UDPP75KO,GHQWLILFDWLRQRIRUJDQLFVROYHQWVE\DYLUWXDOPXOWLVHQVRUV\VWHPZLWKKLHUDUFKLFDOFODVVLILFDWLRQ,((( 6HQV-±GRL-6(1

>@ 61DNDJRPL$)XNXPXUD<.RNXEXQ66DYDJH+:LQJEUDQW0$QGHUVVRQHWDO,QIOXHQFHRIJDWHELDVRI0,6L&)(7JDVVHQVRU GHYLFHRQWKHVHQVLQJSURSHUWLHV6HQVRUV$FWXDWRUV%&KHP±GRLMVQE

>@ $7ULQFKL6.DQGDVDP\::ORGDUVNL+LJKWHPSHUDWXUHILHOGHIIHFWK\GURJHQDQGK\GURFDUERQJDVVHQVRUVEDVHGRQ6L&026GHYLFHV 6HQVRUV$FWXDWRUV%&KHP±GRLMVQE

>@ 5*XWLHUUH]2VXQD3DWWHUQDQDO\VLVIRUPDFKLQHROIDFWLRQ$UHYLHZ,(((6HQV-±GRL-6(1

'DWHQIXVLRQLQ*0$,7*)DFKWDJXQJ6HQVRUHQ8QG0HVVV\VW1XUHPEHUJ*HUPDQ\SS±

GRLVHQVRUHQ3

WLPHV







gas sensor< /b>

pre-concentrator



WLPHV

... FRROGRZQ>@7RPHDVXUHVXFKYDOXHVZLWKORZQRLVHWKHORJDPSOLILHU/2*7H[DV,QVWUXPHQWVLVHPSOR\HG ZKLFKFRQYHUWVDFXUUHQWVLJQDOWRDORJDULWKPLFYROWDJHVLJQDO,WLVFRQQHFWHGDVFORVHO\DVSRVVLEOHWRWKHVHQVRULQ RUGHUWRNHHSLQGXFHGQRLVHLQWKHFXUUHQWVLJQDOORZDQGHQDEOHWLJKWJXDUGLQJRIWKLVSDUWRIWKHV\VWHP7KHORJ... ).

Peer-review under responsibility of the organizing committee of the 30th Eurosensors Conference