A computational framework for cloud based machine prognosis

A Computational Framework for Cloud based Machine Prognosis Procedia CIRP 57 ( 2016 ) 309 – 314 Available online at www sciencedirect com 2212 8271 © 2016 Published by Elsevier B V This is an open acc[.]

Procedia CIRP 57 ( 2016 ) 309 – 314

2212-8271 © 2016 Published by Elsevier B.V This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license

(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the 49th CIRP Conference on Manufacturing Systems

doi: 10.1016/j.procir.2016.11.054

ScienceDirect

WK&,53&RQIHUHQFHRQ0DQXIDFWXULQJ6\VWHPV&,53&06

$&RPSXWDWLRQDO)UDPHZRUNIRU&ORXG%DVHG0DFKLQH3URJQRVLV

a Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44016, USA

b Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA

$EVWUDFW

3URJQRVLVRIPDFKLQHGHJUDGDWLRQDQGIDLOXUHSURSDJDWLRQLVHVVHQWLDOWRSUHYHQWDWLYHPDLQWHQDQFHVFKHGXOLQJDQGVXVWDLQDEOHPDQXIDFWXULQJ (PHUJLQJWHFKQRORJLHVVXFKDV,QWHUQHWRI7KLQJV,R7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 RU GDWDGULYHQ DOJRULWKPV HJ VXSSRUW YHFWRU PDFKLQH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



‹7KH$XWKRUV3XEOLVKHGE\(OVHYLHU%9

3HHUUHYLHZXQGHUUHVSRQVLELOLW\RI6FLHQWLILFFRPPLWWHHRIWKHWK&,53&RQIHUHQFHRQ0DQXIDFWXULQJ6\VWHPV&,53&06

Keywords:SURJQRVWLFPRGHOLQJSDUDOOHOFRPSXWLQJFORXGPDQXIDFWXULQJ



,QWURGXFWLRQ

7KH RSHUDWLRQDO UHOLDELOLW\ RI LQGXVWULDO PDFKLQHV DQG

DVVHWV VLJQLILFDQWO\ LQIOXHQFHV WKH VXVWDLQDELOLW\ RI

PDQXIDFWXULQJ DQG FRPSHWLWLYHQHVV RI WKH LQGXVWU\ +HQFH

HQVXULQJ UHOLDELOLW\ GXULQJ WKH GHVLJQHG OLIHF\FOH RI WKH

PDFKLQH EHFRPHV D FULWLFDO WDVN IRU PDLQWHQDQFH &RPSDUHG

WR WUDGLWLRQDO VFKHGXOHG PDLQWHQDQFH FRQGLWLRQEDVHG

PDLQWHQDQFH SUHGLFWLYH PDLQWHQDQFH WKDW LQWHJUDWH FRQGLWLRQ

PRQLWRULQJ ZLWK UHOLDEOH SURJQRVWLFWHFKQLTXHV FDQPLQLPL]H

WKH PDFKLQH GRZQWLPH PDLQWHQDQFH FRVW DQG UHOLDQFH RQ

KXPDQ H[SHULHQFH IRU PDLQWHQDQFH VFKHGXOLQJ 6SHFLILFDOO\

SURJQRVWLFWHFKQLTXHVFDQKHOSTXLFNO\GHWHUPLQHDPDFKLQH¶V

IXQFWLRQDO GHWHULRUDWLRQ SUHGLFW LWV UHPDLQLQJ XVHIXO OLIH

58/DQGLGHQWLI\WKHDSSURSULDWHVKRUWWHUPDQGORQJWHUP

PDLQWHQDQFHDFWLRQV>@

*HQHUDOO\ SURJQRVWLF WHFKQLTXHV FDQ EH FODVVLILHG LQWR WKUHH FDWHJRULHV SK\VLFVEDVHG GDWDGULYHQ DQG PRGHO EDVHG DFFRUGLQJ WR WKH UHTXLUHG LQIRUPDWLRQ DQG WKH W\SH RI SUHGLFWLRQ UHVXOWV >@ 3K\VLFVEDVHG WHFKQLTXHV PRGHO WKH GHJUDGDWLRQRISK\VLFDOTXDQWLW\RILQWHUHVWHJFUDFNZHDU ZLWK SK\VLFDO DQGRU HPSLULFDO IRUPXODH ZKHUH UHODWHG SDUDPHWHUVFRHIILFLHQWV DUH WKHQ GHWHUPLQHG WKURXJK UHJUHVVLRQEDVHGRQDODUJHPRXQWRIH[SHULPHQWDOGDWD'DWD GULYHQ PHWKRGV QXPHULFDOO\ WUDLQ D EODFNER[ PRGHO WKDW FKDUDFWHUL]HV WKH UHODWLRQVKLS EHWZHHQ D PDFKLQH¶V FXUUHQW GDPDJH VWDWH UHSUHVHQWHG E\ VHQVRU GDWD RU H[WUDFWHG IHDWXUHV DQG IXWXUH KHDOWK VWDWH 6LQFH QR SULRU SK\VLFDO NQRZOHGJH LV QHHGHG LQ WKH PRGHOLQJ SURFHVV GDWDGULYHQ PHWKRGV DUH HVSHFLDOO\ SUHIHUDEOH IRU PRQLWRULQJ DQG SUHGLFWLRQ RI FRPSOH[ F\EHUSK\VLFDO V\VWHP LQ SUDFWLFH 0RGHOEDVHG SURJQRVWLF WHFKQLTXHV FRPELQH WKH DERYH PHQWLRQHG WZR PHWKRGV WR LPSURYH WKH SUHGLFWLRQ DFFXUDF\

© 2016 Published by Elsevier B.V This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license

( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ ).

Peer-review under responsibility of the scientifi c committee of the 49th CIRP Conference on Manufacturing Systems

DQG UREXVWQHVV ,W SK\VLFDOO\PDWKHPDWLFDOO\ PRGHOV WKH

V\VWHP GHJUDGDWLRQ SURFHVV ZKLFK LV WKHQ HPEHGGHG LQ D

ILOWHULQJ PHWKRG WR LQIHU WKH SK\VLFDO TXDQWLW\ RI LQWHUHVW

V\VWHP VWDWH EDVHG RQ VHQVRU GDWD PHDVXUHPHQW 2QH

DGYDQWDJH RI PRGHOEDVHG SURJQRVWLF PHWKRGV LV WKDW LW LV

FDSDEOH RI DFFRXQWLQJ IRU WKH VWRFKDVWLFLW\ RI GHJUDGDWLRQ

SURFHVV DQG QRLVH DIIHFWLQJ PHDVXUHPHQWV >@ DOPDQ ILOWHU

)DQGSDUWLFOHILOWHU3)DUHWZRUHSUHVHQWDWLYHVLQPRGHO

EDVHGDSSURDFK&RPSDUHGWR.)3)KDVPRUHFDSDELOLW\WR

FKDUDFWHUL]HQRQOLQHDUDQGQRQ*DXVVLDQV\VWHPDQGSURFHVV

7KHUHIRUH3)LVPDLQO\LQYHVWLJDWHGLQWKLVSDSHU>@

0RWLYDWHG E\ WKH SRWHQWLDO RI FORXG FRPSXWLQJ DQG FORXG

PDQXIDFWXULQJ>@FORXGEDVHGSURJQRVLVUHSUHVHQWVDQHZ

W\SH RI VHUYLFHRULHQWHG WHFKQRORJ\ &RQGLWLRQ PRQLWRULQJ

GDWD>@FROOHFWHGLQVKRSIORRUDUHUHPRWHO\WUDQVIHUUHGWRWKH

FORXG SODWIRUP LQ ZKLFK GLDJQRVWLF DQG SURJQRVWLF DQDO\VLV

DUH SUHIRUPHG DQG H[SHUWLVH RQ SUHGLFWLYH PDLQWHQDQFH

SODQQLQJ DUH SURYLGHG WR FXVWRPHUV &ORXGEDVHG SURJQRVLV

KDVWKUHHFKDUDFWHULVWLFV>@

x ,PSURYHG DFFHVVLELOLW\ DQG UREXVWQHVV %\ RIIHULQJ DQ

LQWHJUDWHG VROXWLRQ WR RQGHPDQG DQG FRQILJXUDEOH

SURJQRVWLF VHUYLFHV FORXG FDQ LQFUHDVH WKH UREXVWQHVV

RI SURJQRVLV RI PDQXIDFWXULQJ SURFHVVHV ,Q DGGLWLRQ

FXVWRPHUV FDQ DFFHVV WKH VHUYLFH ZKHQHYHU DQG

ZKHUHYHUWKURXJK,QWHUQHWFRQQHFWHGSURGXFWV

x ,PSURYHG FRPSXWDWLRQDO HIILFLHQF\ DQG GDWD VWRUDJH

&ORXG FRPSXWLQJ SURYLGHV HQKDQFHG FRPSXWDWLRQDO

SRZHUIRUFRPSOH[FDOFXODWLRQVHQDEOHGE\HODVWLFGDWD

VWRUDJHDQGHIILFLHQWSDUDOOHOFRPSXWLQJPRGH

x &ROODERUDWLRQ DQG GLVWULEXWLRQ 7KH FORXG HQDEOHV

WUHDWLQJ PDFKLQH SURJQRVLV DV D UHPRWH DQG SD\DV

\RXJRVHUYLFHLQVWHDGRIDORFDOFHQWUDOL]HGFDSDELOLW\

7KURXJK LQIRUPDWLRQ DQG GDWD VKDULQJ UHDOL]HG E\

FURZGVRXUFLQJFORXGDOVRSURYLGHVPRUHHIIHFWLYHDQG

HIILFLHQWVHOHFWLRQRISURJQRVWLFPRGHOVDVZHOODVGDWD

LQWHUSUHWDWLRQ

7KLVSDSHUPDLQO\IRFXVHVRQWKHFRPSXWDWLRQDOHIILFLHQF\

RI SURJQRVLV OHYHUDJHG E\ FORXG FRPSXWLQJ 6SHFLILFDOO\

H[HFXWLRQRISURJQRVLVRQFORXGEDVHGRQSDUDOOHOFRPSXWLQJ

FDQEHFODVVLILHGLQWRWZRPRGHV

x 3DUDOOHO SURJQRVWLF PRGHOLQJ $IWHU UHPRWHO\ DQG

G\QDPLFDOO\ WUDQVIHUUHG WR FORXG SODWIRUP XSORDGHG

FRQGLWLRQ PRQLWRULQJ DQG SURFHVV GDWD DUH SDUWLWLRQHG

DQG VWRUHG LQ PXOWLSOH VWRUDJH GHYLFHV FRUUHVSRQGLQJ

WR GLIIHUHQW PDFKLQHVFRPSRQHQWV 7KHQ LQGLYLGXDO

PDFKLQHFRPSRQHQW¶V GDWD FDQ EH SURFHVVHG

LQGLYLGXDOO\ E\ RQH VHOHFWHG SURJQRVWLF WHFKQLTXH

DFFRUGLQJWRWKHVSHFLILFGDWDW\SHVDQGSK\VLFVRIWKH

PRQLWRUHGPDFKLQHVFRPSRQHQWV

x 3DUDOOHO SURJUDP H[HFXWLRQ 6LPLODU WR GDWD SDUWLWLRQ

VLQJOH SURJQRVWLF SURJUDP FDQ DOVR EH SDUWLWLRQHG DQG

H[HFXWHG E\ SDUDOOHO FRPSXWLQJ HVSHFLDOO\ IRU WKRVH

DOJRULWKPV WKDW UHTXLUH ODUJH DPRXQW RI FRPSXWDWLRQDO

ORDG VXFK DV SDUWLFOH ILOWHU EDVHG RQ 0RQWH &DUOR

VDPSOLQJ %XW WKLV UHTXLUHV WKH DOJRULWKP LV

SDUWLWLRQDEOH  3) LV D DSSURSULDWH FDQGLGDWH IRU WKLV

FRPSXWDWLRQPRGHVLQFHSDUWLFOHVLQ3)LQGHSHQGHQWO\

SHUIRUPWKHVWDWHSUHGLFWLRQDQGZHLJKWXSGDWH

'DWDSURFHVVLQJLQFORXGPDQXIDFWXULQJ

Infrastructure of cloud manufacturing and prognosis

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

)LJ,QIUDVWUXFWXUHRIFORXGEDVHGSURJQRVLV

Data streaming and parallel computing

7KH VXSSRUWLQJ WHFKQLTXHV IRU FORXG PDQXIDFWXULQJ DQG FORXGEDVHG SURJQRVLV LQFOXGH ,QWHUQHW RI 7KLQV ,R7 DQG 07&RQQHFW >@ :KLOH ,R7 LQWHJUDWHV SK\VLFDO DVVHWV LQWR RQH LQIRUPDWLRQ QHWZRUN 07&RQQHFW HQDEOHV PDFKLQHWR PDFKLQH FRPPXQLFDWLRQ YLD D VWDQGDUG FRPPXQLFDWLRQ SURWRFRO 7KURXJK D XQLILHG LQWHUIDFH EHWZHHQ GLIIHUHQW GDWD VRXUFHV DQG W\SHV HJ (WKHUQHW 56 VHULDO SRUW DQG 86%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





3.1 Prognostic modeling

3URJQRVWLF PRGHOLQJ FKDUDFWHUL]HV WKH PDFKLQH

GHJUDGDWLRQ LQ QXPHULFDO IRUPXODH 3URJQRVWLF PHWKRGV LV

UHTXLUHGWREHFDSDEOHWR

x 7UDFN ERWK JUDGXDO GHWHULRUDWLRQ DQG DEUXSW IDXOW

RFFXUUHQFH7KHDEUXSWIDXOWDVDUHVXOWRIDFFXPXODWHG

GHWHULRUDWLRQ RU IRUHLJQ REMHFW GDPDJH FDQ OHDG WR

WUDQVLHQWSHUIRUPDQFHFKDQJHDQGYDU\LQJGHWHULRUDWLRQ

UDWHVUHVXOWLQJLQXQVFKHGXOHGPDLQWHQDQFH

x (YDOXDWH XQFHUWDLQW\ RI SUHGLFWLRQ UHVXOWV 7KH

XQFHUWDLQWLHV FRPH IURP WKH SURFHVV UDQGRPQHVV DQG

PHDVXUHPHQW QRLVH ,W LV H[SHFWHG WKDW WKH FRQILGHQFH

LQWHUYDOVFDQEHSURYLGHGEHVLGHVSUHGLFWLRQYDOXHV

x $GDSW WR EURDGHU DSSOLFDWLRQV $ SURJQRVLV PRGHO

GHYHORSHG EDVHG XSRQ VSHFLILHG PDFKLQH DQG

PHDVXUHPHQW FDQ EH DSSOLFDEOH WR WKH SURJQRVLV RI

RWKHUPDFKLQHVRUHYHQWKHVDPHW\SHRIPDFKLQHVLQD

GLIIHUHQWRSHUDWLRQHQYLURQPHQW

7R DGGUHVV WKH DERYH FKDOOHQJHV D K\EULG SURJQRVWLF

PRGHO WDNLQJ DGYDQWDJH RI PRGHOEDVHG DQG GDWDGULYHQ

SURJQRVWLF PHWKRGV LV SURSRVHG WR LQFOXGH YDU\LQJ IDFWRUV

VXFK DV PHDVXUHPHQW PDFKLQH VHWWLQJV DQG PDLQWHQDQFH

DFWLRQV LQWR WKH PRGHOLQJ 7KH VWUXFWXUH RI WKH SURSRVHG

PRGHOLQJ LV VKRZQ LQ )LJ  :KHQ SK\VLFDO NQRZOHGJH RU

H[SHULHQWLDOLQIRUPDWLRQLVDYDLODEOHDQDQDO\WLFDOPRGHOFDQ

EHHVWDEOLVKHGXVLQJSK\VLFDOLQIRUPDWLRQDQGWKHQGHWHUPLQHG

E\ D PRGHOEDVHG DSSURDFK VXFK DV SDUWLFOH ILOWHU )RU

H[DPSOH WRRO ZHDU FDQ EH ILUVW PRGHOHG EDVHG RQ H[WHQGHG

3DULV ODZ >@ LQ ZKLFK WKH XQNQRZQ SDUDPHWHUV WKDW

GHVFULEHV WKH HIIHFW RI ZRUNSLHFH PDWHULDO DQG PDFKLQH

VHWWLQJV DUH WKHQ XSGDWHG EDVHG RQ VHQVRU GDWD HJ IRUFH

YLEUDWLRQE\3)

7R FRQVLGHU WKH HIIHFW RI PDLQWHQDQFH DFWLRQV DQG RWKHU

IDFWRUV WKDW HIIHFWV RQ V\VWHP GHJUDGDWLRQ DUH XQTXDQWLILDEOH

LQ SK\VLFV D GDWDGULYHQ DSSURDFK LV DGRSWHG 7R PDWFK

SUHGLFWLRQ UHVXOWV SUREDELOLW\ GLVWULEXWLRQ IURP WKH PRGHO

EDVHG DSSURDFK WKH UHODWLRQVKLSV HVWLPDWHG E\ D GDWDGULYHQ

DSSURDFK FDQ ILUVW EH FKDUDFWHUL]HG DV D FHUWDLQ SUREDELOLW\

GLVWULEXWLRQ)RUH[DPSOHPDLQWHQDQFHDFWLRQFDQEHPRGHOHG

DV D :HLEXOO GLVWULEXWLRQ LQ ZKLFK SDUDPHWHUV DUH WKHQ HVWLPDWHG E\ PDFKLQH OHDUQLQJ PHWKRGV VXFK DV VXSSRUW YHFWRU UHJUHVVLRQ $V D UHVXOW WKH V\VWHP GHJUDGDWLRQ LV GHVFULEHG E\ PXOWLSOH SUREDELOLW\ GLVWULEXWLRQV FRQVLGHULQJ GLIIHUHQW IDFWRUV WKDW DIIHFW GHJUDGDWLRQ SURFHVV )LQDOO\ PRGHO IXVLRQ RI SUREDELOLW\ GLVWULEXWLRQV LV SHUIRUPHG WR REWDLQDFRPSUHKHQVLYHSURJQRVWLFPRGHO

3.2 Implementation of prognosis based on particle filtering

7KH3)DOJRULWKPEDVHGRQ0RQWH&DUORPHWKRGHPSOR\V DVHWRIUDQGRPVDPSOHVSDUWLFOHV^x i kTk i

Ik i

i «N`

DQG DVVRFLDWHG LPSRUWDQFH ZHLJKWV i

k

w WR DSSUR[LPDWH SUREDELOLW\ GLVWULEXWLRQV 3DUWLFOHV UHSUHVHQWLQJ V\VWHP VWDWHV DQG SDUDPHWHUV DUH LQWLDOO\ VDPSOHG IURP D SUREDELOLW\ GLVWULEXWLRQ HJ *DXVVLDQ GLVWULEXWLRQ DFFRUGLQJ WR D SULRU NQRZOHGJH*HQHUDOO\SURJQRVLVIXOILOOHGE\3)LQFOXGHVWZR LWHUDWLYH VWHSV SUHGLFWLRQ DQG XSGDWH >@ ,Q SUHGLFWLRQ VWHS IXWXUH V\VWHP VWDWH HJ WRRO ZHDU LV SUHGLFWHG EDVHG RQ FXUUHQW PHDVXUPHQW HJ IRUFH DQG YLEUDWLRQ GDWD DQG WKH SULRULQIRUPDWLRQFKDUDFWUL]LQJWKHZHDUSURJSDJDWLRQ







N

i N

i

T



¦

,Q (T  V\PEROV x DQG ș GHQRWHV WKH V\VWHP VWDWH DQG

SDUDPHWHUV GHVFULELQJ WKH HIIHFWV RI PDFKLQH VHWWLQJV DQG

ZRUNSLHFHPDWHULDOUHVSHFWLYHO\6\PEROkGHQRWHVWKHWLPH 7HUP px k  ș k | x k-1  ș k-1 GHVFULELQJ WKH VWDWH HYROXWLRQ LV DVVXPHG WR EH NQRZQ DV D SULRUL  (T  WUDQVIRUPV WKH FDOFXODWLRQ RI SRVWHULRU SUREDELOLW\ GLVWULEXWLRQ WR ZHLJKWHG VXPRISULRULQIRUPDWLRQ:KHQQHZPHDVXUHPHQWLVDYDLODEOH WKH VWDWHV DQG SDUDPHWHUV DUH XSGDWHG WKURXJK XSGDWLQJ SDUWLFOHV¶ ZHLJKWV ZKLFK LV IXOILOOHG E\ FDOFXODWLQJ WKH OLNHOLKRRGRIWKHV\VWHPVWDWHJLYHQQHZPHDVXUHPHQW





 _ 



i i

k k k

z g x

T V

T

SV

ª  º

¬ ¼

 )LJ6WUXFWXUHRIK\EULGSURJQRVWLFPRGHOLQJPHWKRG



,Q (T  g UHSUHVHQWV PHDVXUHPHQW IXQFWLRQ WKDW UHODWHV

WKH VHQVRU GDWD z WR V\VWHP VWDWH x $Q LQKHUHQW SUREOHP

DVVRFLDWHGZLWKWKHDERYHVWDQGDUGSDUWLFOHILOWHULVWKHSDUWLFOH

GHJHQHUDF\7KLVUHIHUV WRWKHSKHQRPHQRQ ZKHUH ZHLJKWV RI

PRVW SDUWLFOHV HJ RXWVLGH RI WKH VLJPDUDQJH RI WKH

SRVWHULRU GLVWULEXWLRQ EHFRPH QHJOLJLEOH DIWHU VHYHUDO

LWHUDWLRQV  7KLV LV FDXVHG E\ WKH PLVPDWFK EHWZHHQ WKH

SRVWHULRU SGI WR EH HVWLPDWHG DQG WKH SULRU SGI IURP ZKLFK

SDUWLFOHV DUH LQLWLDOO\ VDPSOHG  7R WDFNOH WKLV SUREOHP DQ

DGDSWLYH UHVDPSOLQJ KDV EHHQ SURSRVHG LQ SUHYLRXV UHVHDUFK

>@7KDWLVRQO\SDUWLFOHVZLWKODUJHZHLJKWVDUHVHOHFWHGWR

HQWHUQH[WHVWLPDWLRQLWHUDWLRQDQGSDUWLFOHVDUHGLVSHUVHGIURP

IL[HGSRVLWLRQVWRDZLGHUUDQJHE\DGGLQJSHUWXUEDWLRQV

 i i_ i i i  i_ i i i

p x T x T vN x T x T h3  

,Q(T3UHSUHVHQWVWKHSDUWLFOHYDULDQFHREWDLQHGIURP

WKH HVWLPDWLRQ UHVXOW LQ WKH SUHYLRXV LWHUDWLRQ 6\PERO h

GHQRWHVWKHVKULQNDJHFRHIILFLHQWZKLFKGHFUHDVHVWKURXJKRXW

LWHUDWLRQ WR HQVXUH SDUWLFOHV JUDGXDOO\ FRQYHUJH RQ RSWLPDO

HVWLPDWLRQ 7KH UHVDPSOLQJ SURFHVV LV DGGHG DIWHU WKH XSGDWH

SURFHGXUH WR UHJXODWH SDUWLFOHV IRU SUHSDUDWLRQ RI QH[W

HVWLPDWLRQ LWHUDWLRQ 7KH FRPSXWDWLRQDO FRPSOH[LW\ RI WKH

ZKROH 3) DOJRULWKP SUHGLFWLRQ XSGDWH DQG UHVDPSOLQJ WKUHH

VWHSVLVVXPPDUL]HGLQ7DEOH>@

7DEOH&RPSXWDWLRQDOFRPSOH[LW\RI3)

2SHUDWLRQ 7HUP &RPSOH[LW\

3UHGLFWLRQ (T n

5HVDPSOLQJ (T nNnNrnN

,Q 7DEOH  n DQG m GHQRWHV WKH GLPHQVLRQ RI XQNQRZQ

SDUDPHWHUV DQG PHDVXUHPHQWV UHVSHFWLYHO\  N GHQRWHV WKH

QXPEHU RI SDUWLFOHV DQG k GHQRWHV WKH QXPEHU RI LWHUDWLRQV

6\PERO r UHSUHVHQWV WKH FRHIILFLHQW VDPSOLQJ IURP D QRUPDO

GLVWULEXWLRQ DQG V\PERO a YDULHV ZLWK UHVDPSOLQJ VWUDWHJ\

ZKLFK LV DOZD\V OHVV WKDQ  ,W FDQ EH VHHQ WKDW WKH WRWDO

FRPSXWDWLRQDO FRPSOH[LW\ LV GHWHUPLQHG E\ WKH WHUP kanN

QDPHO\ WKH FRPSXWDWLRQ WLPH LV GHWHUPLQHG PDLQO\ E\ WKH

QXPEHURISDUWLFOHVVWDWHGLPHQVLRQDQGGDWDOHQJWK

&ORXGEDVHGSURJQRVLV

2QH PDMRU DGYDQWDJH RI FORXG PDQXIDFWXULQJ DQG FORXG

EDVHG SURJQRVLV LV WKH HQKDQFHG FDSDELOLW\ LQ UHVLOLHQW GDWD

VWRUDJH DQG FRPSXWDWLRQ UHO\LQJ RQ WKH DJJUHJDWLRQ RI

GLVWULEXWHG FRPSXWLQJ UHVRXUFHV DQG DGYDQFHG SDUDOOHO

FRPSXWLQJ SURJUDP 7KLV LV HVSHFLDOO\ EHQHILFLDO LQ

DSSOLFDWLRQV LQYROYLQJ ELJ GDWD VXFK DV WKH PRQLWRULQJ DQG

SURJQRVLV RI D ODUJH DPRXQW RI PDFKLQHV LQ D IDFWRU\

6SHFLILFDOO\ SURJQRVLV FDQ EH IXOILOOHG LQ WZR PRGHV RQ

FORXG )LUVW 3URJQRVWLF PRGHOLQJ FDQ EH DFKLHYHG DW VXE

PRGXOH RU FRPSRQHQW OHYHO ZLWK HDFK FRPSXWLQJ GHYLFH

FRUUHVSRQGLQJ WR RQH PRGHOLQJ RI RQH PDFKLQH PRGXOH RU

FRPSRQHQW ,Q DGGLWLRQ SURJQRVWLF DOJRULWKP FDQ EH

SRUWLRQHGLQWRVXEWDVNVDQGH[HFXWHGRQPXOWLSOHSURFHVVRUV

WRLPSURYHWKHFRPSXWDWLRQDOHIILFLHQF\

4.1 Parallel computing for prognostic modeling

6LQFHGLIIHUHQWPRQLWRULQJWHFKQLTXHVPD\EHDGRSWHGIRU

GLIIHUHQW PDFKLQHV GDWD FROOHFWHG IURP PDFKLQHV RU

FRPSRQHQWVZLWKLQDPDFKLQHZLOOEHVHSDUDWHO\XSORDGHGRQ WRGLIIHUHQWVWRUDJHGLVNVDQGURXWHGLQWRGLIIHUHQWSURFHVVRUV YLD SURJUDPPLQJ PRGHOV VXFK DV 0DS5HGXFH DV VKRZQ LQ )LJ  >@ +\SHUYLVRU LV UHVSRQVLEOH IRU DVVLJQLQJ VWRUDJHSURFHVVLQJUHVRXUFHVDQGPDQDJLQJWKHXSORDGHGGDWD 2QH DGYDQWDJH RI WKLV SDUDOOHO FRPSXWLQJ LV WKH SURJQRVWLF DOJRULWKPV UXQ LQ GLIIHUHQW SURFHVVRUV FDQ DGDSW WR VSHFLILF FRQGLWLRQ PRQLWRULQJ GDWD W\SHV DQG SK\VLFV RI PRQLWRUHG PDFKLQHVFRPSRQHQWV

Disk 1 Disk 2 Disk m Processor 1 Processor 2 Processor n Result 1 Result 2 Result n

Hypervisor

Data allocation Mapreduce

Processor

Key Value

Result integration

Final result

Data source

Remote data upload

 )LJ6WUXFWXUHRISDUDOOHOSURJQRVWLFPRGHOLQJ )RU H[DPSOH WKH WRRO ZHDU SURSDJDWLRQ FDQ EH PRGHOHG ZLWKH[SDQGHG3DULV¶ODZDV>@

 



  k





,Q (T  SDUDPHWHUV AaD UHSUHVHQW WKH HIIHFWV RI FXWWLQJ VSHHGvIHHGUDWHfFXWWLQJGHSWKdDQGZRUNSLHFHPDWHULDORQ

WRRO ZHDU JURZWK 6LQFH GLIIHUHQW PDFKLQH VHWWLQJV DQG ZRUNSLHFH PDWHULDO PD\ EH DSSOLHG LQ GLIIHUHQW FXWWLQJ PDFKLQHVWKHSDUDPHWHUVHVWLPDWHGE\3)XVLQJ(TVa PD\ EH GLIIHUHQW ZKLFK UHTXLUHV WKH SURJQRVLV RI GLIIHUHQW PDFKLQHV VKRXOG EH IXOILOOHG LQGHSHQGHQWO\  ,Q DGGLWLRQ GLIIHUHQW PHDVXUHPHQW OHDGV WR GLIIHUHQW PHDVXUHPHQW

IXQFWLRQV g LQ (T  ZKLFK VKRXOG DOVR EH WUHDWHG

DFFRUGLQJO\

4.2 Parallel computing for prognostic program execution

&HUWDLQSURJQRVWLFDOJRULWKPVFDQEHSDUWLWLRQHGLQWRVXE WDVNV DQG OHYHUDJHG E\ SDUDOOHO FRPSXWLQJ 3DUWLFOH ILOWHU LV RQH UHSUHVHQWDWLYH ,Q 3) PXOWLSOH UDQGRPO\ VDPSOHG SDUWLFOHVDUHXWLOL]HGWRDSSUR[LPDWHDSUREDELOLW\GLVWULEXWLRQ WKURXJKVWDWHSUHGLFWLRQZHLJKWXSGDWHDQGUHVDPSOLQJWKUHH VWHSV DV LQWURGXFHG LQ 6HFWLRQ  7KH VWDWH SUHGLFWLRQ RI HDFK SDUWLFOH LV SHUIRUPHG GLUHFWO\ EDVHG RQ WKH VWDWH

HYROXWLRQPRGHOpx k ș k | x k-1 ș k-17KHZHLJKWXSGDWHRIHDFK SDUWLFOH UHOLHV RQ WKH QHZ PHDVXUHPHQW DQG OLNHOLKRRG H[SUHVVLRQ LQ (T  +HQFH LQ WKHVH WZR VWHSV WKHUH LV QR LQWHUDFWLRQEHWZHHQSDUWLFOHVDQGSDUWLFOHVFDQEHDOORFDWHGWR PXOWLSOHSURFHVVRUVIRUSDUDOOHODQGLQGHSHQGHQWFRPSXWDWLRQ

%XWDIWHUZDUGVDOOSDUWLFOHVZLWKXSGDWHGZHLJKWVQHHGWREH LQWHJUDWHG WR REWDLQ WKH EHVW HVWLPDWLRQ ZKLFK SOD\V D VLJQLILFDQW UROH LQ WKH SURSRVHG UHVDPSOLQJ SURFHVV 7KH

7KHDOORFDWLRQRIFRPSXWLQJSURFHVVRUVDQGUHVXOWIXVLRQDUH

PDQDJHGE\K\SHUYLVRU

 )LJ3DUWLFOHILOWHUDOJRULWKPOHYHUDJHGE\SDUDOOHOFRPSXWLQJ

,W VKRXOG EH QRWHG WKDW WKLV W\SH RI SDUDOOHO FRPSXWLQJ LV

RQO\ DSSURSULDWH IRU SURJQRVWLF DOJRULWKPV WKDW FDQ EH

SDUWLWLRQHG WR SDUDOOHO DQG LQGHSHQGHQW VXEWDVNV ,Q FRQWUDVW

WR3).DOPDQILOWHUDVDVLQJOHLWHUDWLYHSURJUDPZLWKFXUUHQW

LWHUDWLRQ GHSHQGHQW RQ SUHYLRXV LWHUDWLRQV¶ UHVXOWV FDQQRW EH

H[HFXWHGLQSDUDOOHO$QRWKHUSUREOHPVKRXOGSD\DWWHQWLRQWR

LV WKH FRPPXQLFDWLRQ RYHUKHDG FDXVHG E\ WKH UHJXODWLRQ RI

K\SHUYLVRU RQ SURFHVVRUV DQG GDWD FRPPXQLFDWLRQV DPRQJ

SURFHVVRUV7KLVLVIXUWKHUGLVFXVVHGLQIROORZLQJVHFWLRQ

([SHULPHQWDOHYDOXDWLRQ

7R HYDOXDWH WKH SHUIRUPDQFH RI SURSRVHG FORXGEDVHG

SURJQRVLV PHWKRG FRQGLWLRQ PRQLWRULQJ GDWD RI WRRO WDNHQ

IURP D 0DWVXXUD PLOOLQJ PDFKLQH 0&9 XQGHU GLIIHUHQW

PDFKLQH VHWWLQJV >@ DUH DQDO\]HG 0RWRU FXUUHQW YLEUDWLRQ

DQG DFRXVWLF HPLVVLRQ VHQVRUV DUH DGRSWHG WR PRQLWRU WKH

PLOOLQJ SURFHVV DQG HVWLPDWH WRRO ZHDU 7KH GHVLJQ RI

H[SHULPHQWVLVVKRZQLQ7DEOH(DFKWRROFDQEHVHHQDVDQ

LQGHSHQGHQWFDVHWKHSURJQRVWLFPRGHOLQJRIZKLFKFDQWKHQ

EHSHUIRUPHGLQSDUDOOHORQGLIIHUHQWSURFHVVRUVLQFORXG

7DEOH'HVLJQRIH[SHULPHQWV

 &XWWLQJGHSWK

dPP fPPUHY)HHGUDWH :RUNSLHFHPDWHULDO

7RRO   &DVWLURQ

7RRO   &DVWLURQ

7RRO   &DVWLURQ

,QLWLDOO\ WKH XQNQRZQ SDUDPHWHUV AaD LQ (T  WKDW

GRPLQDWHV WKH WRRO ZHDU SURSDJDWLRQ DUH PRGHOHG DV

SUREDELOLW\ GLVWULEXWLRQV IROORZLQJ D FHUWDLQ GLVWULEXWLRQ HJ

XQLIRUPGLVWULEXWLRQLQWKLVSDSHU7KHVHSDUDPHWHUVDUHWKHQ

LWHUDWLYHO\XSGDWHGEDVHGRQVHQVRUGDWDRUH[WUDFWHGIHDWXUHV

E\ 3) WKURXJK (TV a >@ ZLWK WKH ODWHVW XSGDWHG

SDUDPHWHUV XVHG IRU SUHGLFWLRQ ,W VKRXOG EH QRWHG WKDW WKH

SDUDPHWHUV DUH DVVXPHG WR PDLQWDLQ FRQVWDQW XQGHU VDPH

PDFKLQHVHWWLQJV7RGHPRQVWUDWHWKHVWDELOLW\DQGUREXVWQHVV

RIWKHSURSRVHGSURJQRVWLFPRGHOLQJDOJRULWKPEDVHGRQ3)D

0RQWH&DUORVLPXODWLRQUHVXOWVIRUWRROVDUHVKRZQLQ)LJ

(DFKSURJQRVWLFFDVHKDVEHHQUXQIRUWLPHV7KHUHVXOWV

LQGLFDWHG WKDW WKH PHGLDQ SUHGLFWLRQV EOXH OLQH PDWFK WKH WUXHZHDUVZHOO

























3UHGLFWHGZHDU 7UXHZHDU













7LPH PLQ









 )LJ7RROZHDUSUHGLFWLRQZLWKHUURUEDUVXQGHUGLIIHUHQW

 )LJ&RPSXWDWLRQDOWLPHRISURJQRVWLFPRGHOLQJZLWKGLIIHUHQW

QXPEHURISURFHVVRUVDQGSDUWLFOHV

7R TXDQWLI\ WKH FRPSXWDWLRQDO ORDG RI WKH SURJQRVWLF PRGHOLQJPHWKRGGDWDRIWKHIRXUWRROVKDYHEHHQUXQDVRQH VLQJOHSURJUDPRQ ORFDOFRPSXWHU DQGDVIRXUSDUDOOHOFDVHV RQFORXGSODWIRUP7KHORFDOFRPSXWHULVZLWKFRUHVRI

*+]&38DQG*%5$07KHKDUGZDUHFRQILJXUDWLRQRIWKH FORXGV\VWHPLQFOXGH/LQX[&RPPXQLW\(QWHUSULVH2SHUDWLQJ 6\VWHP &HQW26 ,QWHO ;HRQ 3URFHVVRU (: ZLWK 

*+] RI EDVH IUHTXHQF\ DQG  *% 5$0 7KH FRPSXWDWLRQ WLPH ZLWK GLIIHUHQW QXPEHU RI SURFHVVRUV DQG SDUWLFOHV DUH

VKRZQ LQ )LJ  LQ ZKLFK N UHSUHVHQWV WKH QXPEHU RI SURFHVVRUV DQG N  GHQRWHV WKH FRPSXWDWLRQ RQ ORFDO

FRPSXWHU 7KH UHVXOWV LQGLFDWH WKDW WKH FRPSXWDWLRQDO WLPH GHFUHDVH DOPRVW LQ D OLQHDU ZD\ ZLWK WKH LQFUHDVH RI SURFHVVRUVZKHQWKHQXPEHURISDUWLFOHVLVODUJHUWKDQ

%XWLWLVDOVRQRWHGWKDWWKHQXPEHURISDUWLFOHVGRQRWDIIHFW WKHFRPSXWDWLRQDOWLPHPXFKZKHQWKHQXPEHULVVPDOODQGRU WKH QXPEHU RI SURFHVVRUV H[FHHG WKH QXPEHU RI SURJQRVWLF FDVHV 7KLV LV PDLQO\ FDXVHG E\ ODUJH FRPPXQLFDWLRQ RYHUKHDG DPRQJ SURFHVVRUV ZKLFK FRPSHQVDWHV WKH DGYDQWDJHVRISURFHVVLQJVSHHGE\PRUHSURFHVVRUV

7R HYDOXDWH WKH SHUIRUPDQFH RI  SDUDOOHO 3) H[FXWLRQ DQRWKHU VHW RI WRRO ZHDU GDWD ZLWK PRUH VDPSOLQJ SRLQWV LV SURFHVVHG >@ $V VKRZQ LQ )LJ  PHDVXUHPHQWV EHIRUH

Cutting depth: 1.5 mm Feed rate: 0.5 mm/rev

Cutting depth: 0.75 mm Feed rate: 0.5 mm/rev

Cutting depth: 0.75 mm Feed rate: 0.25 mm/rev

Cutting depth: 0.75 mm Feed rate: 0.25 mm/rev

ZKLFK LV WKHQ XWLOL]HG IRU ZHDU SUHGLFWLRQ (DFK SDUWLFOH

GHOLYHUVRQHSUHGLFWLRQGHQRWHGE\WKHJUH\OLQH:KHQWKH

SURSDJDWHGZHDUDSSURDFKHVQRUPDOL]HGYDOXHWKHWRROLV

FRQVLGHUHG DV IDLOXUH $ GLVWULEXWLRQ RI 58/ FDQ WKHQ EH

REWDLQHG,WLVLQGLFDWHGLQ7DEOHWKDWWKHSUHGLFWLRQDFFXUDF\

LQFUHDVHV LQ JHQHUDO ZLWK WKH QXPEHU RI SDUWLFOHV N 7KH

FRPSXWDWLRQDO WLPH LV VKRZQ LQ )LJ  IURP ZKLFK VLPLODU

UHVXOW FDQ EH REWDLQHG DV LQ )LJ  WKDW FRPSXWDWLRQDO

HIILFLHQF\FDQEHLPSURYHGZLWKSDUDOOHOFRPSXWLQJRQFORXG

SODWIRUPHVSHFLDOO\ZKHQWKHQXPEHURISDUWLFOHVDUHKLJK

 )LJ3UHGLFWLRQRIWRROZHDUDQG58/EDVHGRQSDUUHO3)

7DEOH0RQWH&DUORVLPXODWLRQUHVXOWVZLWKGLIIHUHQWN

Mean 3.40% 3.01% 2.79% 1.41% 1.36%

Variance 0.05% 0.04% 0.03% <0.01% <0.01%



 )LJ&RPSXWDWLRQDOWLPHRISURJQRVWLFPRGHOLQJZLWKGLIIHUHQW

QXPEHURISURFHVVRUVDQGSDUWLFOHV

&RQFOXVLRQV

&ORXGEDVHG SURJQRVLV DV RQH RI HVVHQWLDO WHFKQRORJ\

SLOODUV IRU FORXG PDQXIDFWXULQJ EHQHILWV IURP KLJK

SHUIRUPDQFH VFDODEOH FRPSXWLQJ $ IUDPHZRUN IRU FORXG

EDVHGSURJQRVLVWKDWWDNHVDGYDQWDJHRIERWKPRGHOEDVHGDQG

GDWDGULYHQ SURJQRVWLF WHFKQLTXHV KDV EHHQ SUHVHQWHG 7KH

V\VWHP VWDWH DQG UHPDLQLQJ XVHIXO OLIH DUH PRGHOHG DV

SUREDELOLW\GLVWULEXWLRQVWRDFFRXQWIRUWKHXQFHUWDLQW\FDXVHG

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

$FNQRZOHGJHPHQWV

7KLV UHVHDUFK KDV EHHQ SDUWLDOO\ VXSSRUWHG E\ 1DWLRQDO 6FLHQFH )RXQGDWLRQ XQGHU JUDQWV &&) DQG &00,



5HIHUHQFHV

>@ *DR 5 :DQJ / 7HWL 5 'RUQIHOG ' XPDUD 6 0RUL 0 +HOX 0

&ORXGHQDEOHG SURJQRVLV IRU PDQXIDFWXULQJ &,53 $QQDOV 0DQXIDFWXULQJ7HFKQRORJ\

>@ -DUGLQH $.6 /LQ ' %DQMHYLF ' $ UHYLHZ RQ PDFKLQHU\ GLDJQRVWLFV DQG SURJQRVWLFV LPSOHPHQWLQJ FRQGLWLRQEDVHG PDLQWHQDQFH 0HFKDQLFDO6\VWHPVDQG6LJQDO3URFHVVLQJ

>@ 6LNRUVND -= +RGNLHZLF] 0 0D / 3URJQRVWLF PRGHOOLQJ RSWLRQV IRU UHPDLQLQJ XVHIXO OLIH HVWLPDWLRQ E\ LQGXVWU\ 0HFKDQLFDO 6\VWHPV DQG 6LJQDO3URFHVVLQJ

>@ :DQJ - :DQJ 3 *DR 5 7RRO OLIH SUHGLFWLRQ IRU VXVWDLQDEOH PDQXIDFWXULQJ 3URFHHGLQJV RI  WKH WK *OREDO &RQIHUHQFH RQ 6XVWDLQDEOH 0DQXIDFWXULQJ  SS  %HUOLQ *HUPDQ\ 6HSWHPEHU

>@ :DQJ/:DQJ;9*DR/9iQF]D-$FORXGEDVHGDSSURDFKIRUZHHH UHPDQXIDFWXULQJ &,53 $QQDOV ± 0DQXIDFWXULQJ 7HFKQRORJ\ 



>@ :X ' 5RVHQ ': :DQJ / 6FKDHIHU ' &ORXGEDVHG GHVLJQ DQG PDQXIDFWXULQJ D QHZ SDUDGLJP LQ GLJLWDO PDQXIDFWXULQJ DQG GHVLJQ LQQRYDWLRQ&RPSXWHU$LGHG'HVLJQ

>@ 7HWL 5 -HPLHOQLDN 2¶'RQQHOO * 'RUQIHOG' DGYDQFHG PRQLWRULQJ RI PDFKLQLQJ RSHUDWLRQV &,53 $QQDOV0DQXIDFWXULQJ 7HFKQRORJ\



>@ :X ' *UHHU 0- 5RVHQ ': 6FKDHIHU ' &ORXG PDQXIDFWXULQJ VWUDWHJLF YLVLRQ DQG VWDWHRIWKHDUW -RXUQDO RI 0DQXIDFWXULQJ 6\VWHPV



>@ ;X ; )URP &ORXG &RPSXWLQJ WR &ORXG 0DQXIDFWXULQJ 5RERWLFV DQG

&RPSXWHU,QWHJUDWHG0DQXIDFWXULQJ±

>@ :DQJ 3 *DR 5 )DQ = &ORXG FRPSXWLQJ IRU FORXG PDQXIDFWXULQJ EHQHILWV DQG OLPLWDWLRQV -RXUQDO RI 0DQXIDFWXULQJ 6FLHQFH DQG (QJLQHHULQJLQSUHVV

>@ 07&RQQHFW ,QVWLWXWH  07&RQQHFW Y  KWWSZZZPWFRQQHFWRUJGRZQORDGVVWDQGDUGDVS[

>@ =KDQJ 4 &KHQJ / %RXWDED 5 &ORXG FRPSXWLQJ VWDWHRIWKHDUW DQG UHVHDUFKFKDOOHQJHV-RXUQDORI,QWHUQHW6HUYLFHVDQG$SSOLFDWLRQV



>@ :DQJ - :DQJ 3 *DR 5 (QKDQFHG SDUWLFOH ILOWHU IRU WRRO ZHDU SUHGLFWLRQ-RXUQDORI0DQXIDFWXULQJ6\VWHPV

>@ :DQJ 3 *DR 5 $GDSWLYH UHVDPSOLQJEDVHG SDUWLFOH ILOWHULQJ IRU WRRO OLIHSUHGLFWLRQ-RXUQDORI0DQXIDFWXULQJ6\VWHPV

>@ $JRJLQR$*RHEHO.%(67ODE8&%HUNHOH\0LOOLQJGDWDVHWQDVD DPHV SURJQRVWLFV GDWD UHSRVLWRU\ 1$6$ $PHV 5HVHDUFK &HQWHU 0RIIHWW)LHOG&$

>@ /L ; /LP %6 =KRX -+ +XDQJ 6 3KXD 6- 6KDZ & (U 0- )X]]\ QHXUDO QHWZRUN PRGHOOLQJ IRU WRRO ZHDU HVWLPDWLRQ LQ GU\ PLOOLQJ RSHUDWLRQ 3URF RI $QQXDO &RQIHUHQFH RI WKH 3URJQRVWLFV DQG +HDOWK 0DQDJHPHQW6RFLHW\SS



Data allocation Mapreduce

Processor

Key Value

Result integration

Final result

Data... i i_ i i i  i_...