KAV DUHG CHUdNG TRINH GIAO DUC BIBI DOI KHJ HAU CHO cnc TRITDUG sy PHnm IHCO QURH Dicin GIDO DUC H P flni PGS TS TRAN D l i C TUAN* ThS BUI THj THANH H a O N G " 1 To''''ng quan ve GDBOKH tren the gidi 1[.]
Trang 1KAV DUHG CHUdNG TRINH GIAO DUC BIBI DOI KHJ HAU
CHO cnc TRITDUG sy PHnm IHCO QURH Dicin GIDO DUC H P flni
PGS TS TRAN D l i C T U A N * - ThS BUI THj T H A N H H a O N G "
1 To'ng quan ve GDBOKH tren the gidi
1) Nhi/ng quan diem tiep can Trong nghien
Cliu bien dd'i khi hau (BOKH) va giao due bien doi khi
hau (GDBOKH) nd'i len cac qud'c gia chau Au (Oan
Mach, Bi, Anh, Phap, Diic, Ha Lan, Aixolen, ) va
chau A (Nhat Ban, An Od, Viet Nam, Indonesia,
Philippines, ) Cae qudc gia B i c MI (dae biet la Hoa
Ki) tuy ed nhiing quan diem trai nguge ve nhung
anh hudng eiia BOKH, song v l n dau tu nhieu eho
nghien ctiu, giao due bao ve mditrudng va thich ting
vdl BOKH
Oe td'chiic lot GDBOKH trong nha trudng phd'
Ihdng va su pham (SP), tuy cd cac quan diem, each
tiep can khac nhau, nhung cac qud'c gia nay deu ed
ehung mdt so quan diem sau day: t) Layngudihqc
lim tmng tim: giao vien (G V) khi Id' chtic day hpc
can chu y den nhu eau ctia ngudi hge (ldn hon la nhu
cau cua xa hpi); bien qua trinh day hpc thanh qua
tnnh tu dao tao; ea biet hda qua trinh day hgc sao
eho phli hgp cau tnic tuduy, tam sinh li cua hpc sinh
(HS) - ma trong dd cac phuong phap tam li, phat
then va nudi dudng Idng dam m e v a khat vpng hpc
tap duge coi trpng hon ca; 2} Cong nghe day hgc:
GV can ap dyng td'ng hgp nhiing thanh tuu cua ctia
khoa hpc kltfiuat va cdng nghe hien dai n h i m td'i uu
hda qua trinh day hpc; 3} GDPTBV: khuyen khich
ngudi hpc chti ddng cam ket vdi nhL?ng myc tieu ben
vifrig dexay dung mdt"ne'p sd'ng tieu diing cac nguon
luc" mpt each cdng bang va lau ben; Irong dd giao
dye chii trpng de'n nang tu duy va cam xtic ciia con
ngudi len mdt lam eao mdi - l u duy he thd'ng va
mang tinh ht;^ tac lau dai
2) Muc tieu va hinh thuc tochdc GDBBKH
a) O bae mam non bang hoat ddng quan sat,
nghe va kechuyen, td'chiic cac trd choi tao hinh G V
giupHSnhantfiiicvesundng len eua Trai dat, qua dd
hinh thanh thai dp yeu quy va bao ve "hanh tinh xanh"
ciia chiing ta
b) deap tieu hgc GDBOKH tap trung vao viec
26 Tap chi Gido dye so 305
hinh thanh hanh vi, thdi quen nhieu hon nhan thi/c,
HS duoc tiep can dugc vdi khoa hgc Trai dat thdng qua mdn hge tim hieu tunhien xa hdi va tham gia mot sd'bud'i hoatdpng ngoai khda theo chudeBDKH
c) deap THCS: kien thtic ve BOKH dugc lich hop vao mdn khoa hgc {Sinh hqc, Dja li Villi, Hoa hoc, Ki
tf;ua/) hayphattnen eac mdhinh carf70sc/)oo/vacac bud'i ngoai khda nham giup HS hieu dugc qua trinh ti; nhien eg ban va nhi/ng de dpa ciia BDKH de'n Trai dat; tudd ed dieu chinh nhung hanh vi ey thetrong loi sd'ng van hda thieh iing tn/dc nhiing BDKH
d) deap THPT: kien thiie ve BDKH dugc tich hop vao cac mdn Khoa hge Trii dat Sinh hgc Vatti, Hcs hgc Kithuat va eae bud'i ngoai khda "bao eao ca
nhan" de hieu sau them nhung canh bao loan cau, song ciJng van giu linh than lac quan, san sang doi mat va thich ting vdi BOKH ctia cdng dan hien dai,
e) 6bic hge ehuyen nghiep cao dang, dai hqc
kien thtic GDBOKH cd the ton lai nhu nhi?ng hgc phan rieng biet: BDKH hoae GDBOKH hoae duoc
tich hgp vao cac mdn dai cuong nhu: Khoa hqc Trai dil Khoa hgc mditrudng, GDPTBV; trong dd, eac
hinh thuc hoat ddng ngoai khda, tinh nguyen va cac
bai tieu luan rait dugc coi trgng nham phat tnen nang luc hanh dgng tren co sd phat trien nang luc nhan thtic tuyen tniyen va tao anh hudng den cong dong thayddlhanh vi, thaidqbknq suquan tam de'n nhung
ngudi dan bj thiet thdi, than thien vdi mdi trudng tti nhien trong cudc chien thieh ting vdl BOKH nham
tang cudng eie gia tri sing tao trong cuqc chien chdng lai BDKH
2 C h u o n g trinh GDBOKH d b a c dai hpc va cao dang tren the gidi
Trong then gian qua, d nhieu In/dng dai hpc tren
the gks, cac chuong trinh {syllabus) BOKH hoae
GDBOKH da duoc trie'n khai va thuc hien kha pho
* TnfODg flai bpc sir pban Ka NQI
"TniVBg Cao ^ t a plum Ka N$i
Trang 2hpc Trai dat, Khi hau hoc, Khoa hpc mdi tn/dng,
Cac ehuong trinh nay khdng co dinh ma thay doi
hang nam de ndi dung dugc cap nhat thudng xuyen
eho phu hgp vai doitugng S V cung nhu thdi khda bleu
hgc tap va hoan canh dao tao eua nha trudng
Dudi day chiing tdi xin gicrt thieu cau tnic ctia mdt
syllabus ve BOKH dugc su dyng d tn/dng Oai hpc
Aizona-HoaKi:
Chuang trinh "Bien dol khi hau" {2 tin chi)
1) Mo ti khai quat khoa hpc SV se duoc hpc cac he
thong khi hau; nguyen nhan gay 80KH, cac "kich ban"
nhung Ihay dol khi hau trong qua khii, nghien cuu moi ien
he giiJa hoat dong ctia con ngudi va nhi/ng xu hudng aim
len hien tai thong qua nhung tac dong cua BBKH de'n moi
trudng tu nhien, kmh te xa hpi
2) Muc lieu - Tap Imng nhung hieu biet ve he thong khi
hau, -Danh gia nhi/ng nhan to anh hudng den BDKH, -M6
ta nhiing thay do! ve khi hau trong qua khii, lii do co nhi/ng
hieu biet dting din ve khi hau hi?n tai; - Giai Ihich duoc hau
qua, ton thuong cila BDKH
3) Th&ikhoa bie'u lop ftoc(Meeting time} khoa hpc keo
dai 6 tuan (chii yeu qua online); thoi gian gap G V va nghien
Cliu vien true tiep moi tuan mpt buoi (1)
4} Hinh Ihuc tdchi/c - Dau vao (enrollment) dieu ki^n
tien quyet hoae kiem tra dau vao, - Ho^l dong hang luan
(weekly activieiies); • Trao doi online (online discussion);
-Tieu luan (final project)
5) Giao trinh bit buoc: OimBte Change: The Science
of Global Warming and Our Energy Fulureby Edmond
Mathez.Xuat ban lai: CoAym6/at/n/i'ere//KP'Ess{1sledition,
2009) ISBN: 0231146426
6) Danh gia: • Thao luan va tham gia Idp hoc- 40% ,
- Bal l9p hang tuan: 30% ; - Tieu luan ket IhiJc hpc phan:
practice);+Van de nghien ciJu khoa hpc (Research question),
la ban dau lien cua lac gia; cac tai lieu Iham khao phal neu
rd nguon trich dan cu the
7) Hoat dgng hang tuan va nhdng ki vong •_ Tuan I
"Nhung kien thtic co ban ve BOKH": khda hpc bit dau vdi
nhung hudng din co ban ve each hpc va nhung yeu cau npi
dung ccr ban ciia hpc phan Noi dung co ban cua tuan 1 la
; Nhung ki vgng cap nh|t nhirng djnh hudng co ban
ciia hpc phan; ; Tailleu bd'sung: Tong quan nhi/ng anh
hudng cua id thung tang ozone den hien lupng nong len
cua Trai dat: http:^Avww.ucsusa,orij/environment/
gw.bo.hlmi #8: - Tuan 2 :, - Tuan 5:.,.; (2)
3 D e x u a t xay d u n g c h u o n g trinh GDBOKH
cho cac trudng SP o Viet Nam
i) Nhdng diem tuang dong va khac biet vdi
chuang trinh GDBBKH tren thegidi Gid'ng nhu
trinh GDBOKH hien nay eua Viet Nam gom 2 tin chf; ndi dung, mye tieu ehuong trinh tiep can vdi ndi dung, mye tieu hpc thuat trong cae chuong trinh GDBOKH eiia cac qude gia khac Tuy nhien, vi nhieu
li do, chuong trinh cua Viet Nam ehua dat duge mtic
do "chuan" - bdi mud'n dat "ehuan" can: n h i ^ g kien thtic kTnang, thai dp ve GDBOKH dugc cy the hda trong tting tuan hpc va theo tiing module hpc tap trong hge phan rieng biet; thdi khda bieu danh cho hpe phan rat linh ddng va dugc cy the hda den tiing hoat ddng trong tiing buoi gap; hinh Ihi/c day hpc phong phli, trong dd cac hoat ddng "thao luan tren mang" (online discussion) tranh luan ve cac bai doc, hien tuong thuc te doan phim ngan hay tranh anh lien quan den ndi dung bai hoc va viet bai luan hay thuc hanh giang day ve BDKH ludn dugc eoi trong; hinh thu'c kiem tra, danh gia da dang, bao gom • cac bai tap hang tuan (30% so diem hoc phan), ehuyen can va thao Juan tai ldp (40% ), bai luan ho?e thuc hanh giang day ket thiie (30%); mdl module ndi dung
ed rat nhieu tai lieu tham khao bao gom sach, giao trinh, eae dudng link tai lieu tren mang Internet Nhu vay, cd the thay rang, van de cung cap "nguyen lieu"
va eac edng ey cho SV trong qua trinh tu hoc rat dugc coitrpng trong eae ehuong trinh GDBOKH tren thegidi hien nay
2) Chuang trinh GDBBKH cho eac trudng SP
a Viet Nam Tren cd sd nghien ctiu nhieu ehuong
trinh dao tao, eac de cuong bai giang, giao trinh ve GDBDKHonhleu trudng dai hpc vacao dang tren the gidi kel hop vcri thi/c liln dao tao va nghien ciiu ve BOKH tai Viet Nam, tham nhuan cac quan diem giao dye hien dai, chiing tdi da xay di/ng mdt ehuong trinh GDBOKH chocaetn/dngSP Ndi dung khai quat ciia chuong trinh nhusau (3):
I) Ten ehuang trinh: Giao due bien dd'i khi hau
(Climate Change Education); Ioal hpc phan: tuehon; thdi lupng: 02 tin chi
^^ Muc freu.-Nhan thi/c rd nhijng thach Ihiic ctia BDKH dd'i vdi suphat trie'n ben v t ^ g d Viet Nam va the gidi; tim hieu nghien ciiu cac van de ciia viec nghien euu va giang day GDBOKH theo quan diem cua GDPTBV; - NSm dUdc phuong phap luan va phuong phap cd ban nghien ciiu cac van de ctia GDBDKH dcae trudng phothong SP; n i m dugc cac phugng phap va hinh tht/c co ban ciia GDBOKH geaetn/dngSP
Tap chi Gido due so 305 27
Trang 3deed ban cua viec nghien cdu va giang day GDBDKH
Uongcactn/dng THCS &ieo quan diem cOaGDPTBV
S V tham gia hqc phan se co ca hqi tham gia vio eie
budi thuyet tnnh, seminar, hoi thao va tien hinh cic
"duan hoc tap" thi/c hanh giang day hay lim freu luin
trong khuon kho hoc phan
NOI dung
Chuanq 1
Chuong 3
Tonq so
Hinh ihiic to chiic day hoc hoc phan
Lr
thuygl
3
3
Thao
luan
2
4
Thiic
6
12
TV hoc
3
4
A
11
T^ing
5
10
30
4) Hinh thuc td'chdc day hoc
5) Nqi dung chi tiet chuang trinh
- Chuang I: Baicuang ve BBKH {nhunq khai mem
ehung, nguyen nhan gay nen BOKH, nhiing BDKH
tren Thegidiva Viet Nam, he thd'ng nhiing gial phap
ling phd vdl BDKH)
- Chuang2: Cac mo hinh GDBDKH tren thegidi
(mang ludi GDBDKH tren the gidi; carbo school;
summer school; thuc dja tai cac nude chju nhieu ton
thuong eiia BDKH; xay dung eac du an hd tro
GDBOKH; nghien euU GDBOKH; tinh nguyen
GDBOKH va vai trd ctia cae Id'ehiie phi chinh phu
(NGOs))
- Chuang 3: Phuang phap GDBBKH (ngudi hoc
hoc dugc gi trong hch siiva kmh nghiem dia phuong;
the hien nhung hieu biet ve nguyen nhan va each
thich ling vdi BDKH nhu the nao? cac phuong phap
GDBOKH cy the, )
- Chuang 4: Toehue GDBDKH tai: ldp hpc; cae
hoat ddng ngoai khda; cac hoe phan hpc bd' trg; tu
chon; hoatdong tinh nguyen; lien ket cac toehue trong
GDBOKH)
6) Phuang phap hinh thuc kiem tra - danh gia ket
qua hqc tap hge phin
- Kiem tra - danh gia thudng xuyen:danh gia thao
lu|n; kiem tra bang trac nghiem khach quan, kiem tra
qua trinh tuhge (ho so hgc tap, tai lieu tliam khao ma
mdl SV thu thap dugc), miic dp tham gia vao gidhpc
- Kiem tra - danh gii dinh kt b i n g vie't tieu luan
(khi kiem tra gitJa ki) va viet lu luan (khi thi het mdn,
thdi gian 90 phiit)
Xay dung va to' cht/c thuc hien chuong trinh
GDBOKH lamdlyeucaucap bach dd'i vdlcac Irudng
28 Tap chi Gido due so 305
phattrien cac nang luc GDBDKH theo quan diem ctia GDPTBV gitip hpsau khi ra tn/dng eddu nang luc to chtic eae hoat ddng GDBOKH trong eac mdn hoc theo yeu cau ciia Bp GD-OT lii nam 2015 Trong bd'i canh nhieu tardng SP va GV edn lung tling vcri ndi dung, hinh thiie va phuong phap GDBDKH, nhungytudngxaydyng chuong trinh ma nhdm lac gia da de xuat hi vpng se la mpt tai lieu tham khao bd' ich, thiet thuc eho viec td'chuc thuc hien yeu cau ciia Bd GD-OT de ra.Q
(1) Dr Rich Thomp-inn Climate change education
syllabus Universiiy of Arizona USA, 2 0 I I (2) Tham khao cu ih^ tai: www.amnh.org/learn/ calendar.php
(3) Trdn Diic Tudn "GiAo duc biffn drii khi hilu vi sir phal tri^n hSn vOng- thach thirc v& iri^n vpng" {Hpi
thao "Tdng cudng gido dtic bi^n ddi khi hdu v'l sif phdt tri^n b^n vung irong gido duc chinh quy vd khdng chinh c/iiy ") 2010
Tai iitlu tham khao
1 Union of Concerned Scientists Cirriculum guide for high school course in biology, geography, general science Earth science, and other course
Developed by the Union of Concerned Scieniisi.'i lo accompany the 2001 UCS/ESA report "Confronting Climaie Change in the Gulf Coast Region " 2002
2 Mang luoi giao due bie'n ddi khi hflu to&n cSu: http://climaie<;hangeeducation.org/
SUMMARY
Building and implementing climate change edu-cation syllabus Is an urgent requirement for all col-leges ofeducation in Vietnam This Is the occasion for students developing climate change education abilities base on ESD (education for sustainable de-velopment) Also, that permits graduated students having enough abilities for orgnlzing cliamte change education base on requirements of Ministry of Edu-cation and training by 2015 According to curricula syllabi and climate change education books of many universities In the world and the training facts In Vietnam, the authors thought that It Is necessary
to build the new climate change education syllabus for all universities and college of education This syllabus Is not only flexible but also updating and modernity Ifocus on students, technology in teach-ing and ESDI The most Important thteach-ing Is that, educalion methods and approaches base on national objectives in the globalization