2-mind-map-english-grammar-pdf-vieclamvui.pdf

HỌC NGỮ PHÁP VUI VE HƠN- THOẢI MÁI

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Original title: Mind Map English Grammar

By: N G U Y E N D A C T A M , P h D

Tac pham: N G U P H A P T I E N G A N H H I E N D A I

Tac gia: Tien si N G U Y E N D A C T A M

Cong ty First News - Tri Viet giu ban quyen xuat ban va phat hanh an

ban tieng Viet tren toan the gidi theo hop dong liy quyen xuat ban vdi

tac gia thang 12 nam 2013

Bat cii su sao chep nao khong duoc su dong y ciia First News deu la bat

hop phap va vi pham Luat Xudt ban Vict Nam, Luat Ban quyen Quoc

te va Cong uoc Bao ho Ban quyen So huu Tri tue Berne

N H A X U A T B A N T O W G H U F T M O - t H I M I N H

Tron Bo SGK: https://bookgiaokhoa.com

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- 1989 - 1996 - 2011: Giang day va quan ly

- Giam doc Tmng tarn Ngoai ngu Lfng dung k h u che xuat Sai Gon

(Director o f SepZone Foreign Language Center)

- Hieu truong Truong Ngoai ngu N G U Y E N D U SAl G O N

(Principal o f N G U Y E N D U SAI G O N Foreign Language School)

- Gia m doc co so dao tao dai hoc tai chiic thuoc Dai hoc Ngoai

ngu Ha N o i tai TP H C M (Director o f JOINT IN-SERVICE

Training College o f H a N o i University for Foreign Studies)

- 1995 - nay: Giang day va q u a n ly

- Pho C h i i tich H o i d o n g Q u a n t r i Dai hoc Van Lang

(Deputy C h a i r m a n o f The Board o f Trustees)

- Pho Hieu truong Truong D a i hoc Van Lang

(Vice Rector o f Van Lang University)

- Khoa truong Khoa Ngoai ngii

(Dean o f the Faculty o f Foreign Language)

- 2000: - Phu ta giao su Dai hoc OREGON, Hoa Ky

(Assistant Professor o f the University o f Oregon, USA)

- Nghien cuu va giang day tai Dai hoc Oregon State University

M I N D MAP GRAMMAR (Thai)

M.Eng Sc., The University of New South Wales, Australia

Betty Schrampfer Azar, Prentice-Hall, Inc (1981)

M O D E R N E N G L I S H : A P R A C T I C A L R E F E R E N C E G U I D E (2nd Edition)

Marcella Frank, Prentice-Hall, Inc (1993)

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L O I N O I D A U

»-Truac day, khi tieng Anh chua la ngon ngii quoc te trong moi

tmong toan cau hoa, xu huong viec giang day va hQC tap tieng

Anh tai Viet Nam thien ve hai ky nang DOC HIEU va VIET He

qua la trong cac the he truoc, nhieu ngudi doc hieu va viet tieng

Anh thong thao khong kem nguoi ban xii dugc hoc hanh tu te;

ngugc lai, gap kho khan khi giao tiep nghe-noi bang tieng Anh

Tu thap nien 90 the ky truac day, giao tiep ngon ngu bao

gom bon ky nang co ban: NGHE-NOI-DQC-VIET Do vay khi

noi den tieng Anh giao tiep c6 nghia la can phai giao tiep dugc

ca bon ky nang tren Phucmg phap giao tiep dua tren su phat

trien ky nang ngon ngu cua tre em: giai doan dau tap trung vao

phat trien NGHE-NOI; giai doan phat trien tap trung DQC VIET

Noi nhu vay khong c6 nghia la khi day ky nang nghe noi thi

khong CO yeu cau phat trien ky nang doc viet va ngugc lai Doi

vai moi truong giao luu ngon ngu va kinh te toan cau va phat

trien khoa hoc ngay nay, ky nang dich thuat va phien dich cung

nkm trong giao tiep ngon ngu bac cao trong moi truong toan

cau hoa

Vai tro ciia ngu phap trong phat trien ngon ngu luon la nen

tang de hoc va phat trien mpt ngon ngu De phat trien mot ngon

ngu, dii do la ngoai ngu nhu tieng Anh, nen tang cua ngon ngu

la ngu phap, tir vung va phat am Do vay, vai tro ngu phap la

de phat trien ngon ngu diing va du de phat trien ky nang giao

tiep; ngu phap khong chi de hieu ve ngon ngu ma de su dung

LOI NOI D A U - 9

diing ngon ngu (not knov^ing about the language, but knowing

the language) Dieu nay cho thay hgc ngu phap tieng Anh a Viet

Nam la diing vi tieng Anh la EFL (ngoai ngu), khong phai ESL (ngon ngu thii hai), tuy nhien su yeu kem trong viec hgc va day ngu phap la de lam bai tap, sau do la bai thi ma khong diing ngu phap trong cac hoat dong ngon ngu (activities) va thuc hanh ngon ngu (tasks)

Nham gop phan ho trg hgc ngu phap, MIND MAP ENGLISH GRAMMAR la cong cu de hieu biet tieng Anh duoi hinh thiic tom luge theo tu duy logic Do vay nguoi hgc can sii dung hieu biet

ve ngu phap va quan trgng hon la ling dung vao nhieu hoat dgng

thxfc hanh de phat huy cac chii de ngu phap trong cuon sach

Cuon sach nay ciia chiing toi c6 nhiing dac diem sau day:

- Giang vien c6 the huang dan cho nguoi hgc cac chii de va chii diem ngii phap theo tu duy logic qua cac so do tu duy tom t^t

de nho va de hieu

- Ngugi hgc de dang tu hgc va tham khao truac khi lam cAc

bai tap ngu phap hoac sii dung tieng Anh

- He thong bai hgc dugc trinh bay dang "mind map" each tan tir thap len cao nen ngugi hgc yeu thich ngii phap tieng Anh hon

- Sau khi hgc, hieu, nam viing cac chu de, chii diem ngii phap, nguoi hgc c6 the tu ve lay "mind map" ciia rieng minh

Nguoi soan sach rat mong quy dong nghiep, ban dgc va hgc vien gop y xay dung cho cuon sach nay de c6 the hoan thi^n dan trong cac Ian tai ban toi

Xin chan thanh don nhan y kien ciia quy vi

, TP HCM, ngay3 thangS nam2014

Tien si NGUYEN DAC TAM

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LOI G i a i THIEU

M i n d Map hay so do tu duy la mot phuong phap hoc tap c6

hieu qua cao va dang dugc ap dung cho kha nhieu mon hoc Tuy

nhien, tai Viet Nam, khi nhac den so do tu duy thi thuong it ai

nghi den mon ngu phap, vi day la mot mon hoc kho khan, chi

can theo dung quy luat va khong doi hoi (tham chi khong cho

phep) su sang tao Vi vay, tai lieu "Mind Map Enghsh Grammar"

CO the se lam cho doc gia c6 mot chut ngac nhien, va khong loai

trir kha nang c6 the c6 ngudi con c6 chiit nghi ngai nua

Thuc ra, viec su dung Mind Map de giang day ngu phap tieng

Anh khong he la mot dieu gi qua mdi me ma da duac ap dung 6

nhieu noi tren the gioi vol cac miic do hieu qua khac nhau Vi vay,

viec ap dung phuong phap hoc nay vao viec hoc ngu phap tieng Anh

tai Viet Nam ciia TS Nguyen Dac Tam la mot sang kien dang khich le

Ve npi dung ciia tai lieu, toi cho rang tac gia da c6 nhung

dong gop quan trong khi sii dung so do tu duy de dua ra nhung

tom tat vira ngan gon vtia day du cho nhiJrng van de ngu phap

dugc xem la kho khan va roi ram ciia tieng Anh Toi dac biet

thich cac so do atrang29 (Complement), trang54 (Interrogative

Pronouns), trang 110 (Adjectives), hoac cac hinh anh, so do giiip

nguoi hgc hieu mot each true tiep ve gioi tii chi noi chon/khong

gian (trang 125 va 126) Toi cho rang cuon sach nay xiing dang

dugc Truong Dai hoc Van Lang dau tu them de c6 the dugc xuat

ban va pho bien rpng rai

TP.HCM, ngay 11/4/2013 Tien si VU THI PHUONG ANH Director, Research and International Relations Director, Educational Testing and Quality Assurance

University of Economics and Finance

MUG LUC

Ve Tac Gia 6

Tai Lieu Tham Khao 7 Loi Noi Dau 8 Lai GioiThieu 10 Muc Luc 11 Chuong Dan Nhap 20

PHAN 1 (PART 1) ^ _

• CHUONG 1 - VAI D I N H NGHIA TU KHO (Chapter 1 - Some definitions of difficult terms) 25

1 Sentence (Cau) 26

2 Subject (Chu ngu) 28

3 Object (Tan ngu) 28

4 Complement (Bo ngu) 29

5 Antecedent (Tir diing truoc/Tien ngu) 30

6 Appositive (Dongvi ngu) 30

7 Person (Ngoi) 31

8 Number (So) 31

9 Gender (Giong) 32

10 Verbal (Thugc dgng tu) 32

11 Ellipsis (Phep tinh luge) 34

12 Idiom (Thanh ngCr) 34

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12 • M I N D MAP ENGLISH GRAMMAR

P H A N 2 (PART 2)

8 H I LOAI ( 8 PARTS OF SPEECH)

• C H U O N G 2 - D A N H T i r

(Chapter 2 - Nouns) ?: 37

1 Cac loai d a n h t u (Kinds o f nouns) 39

2 Cac chiic nang cua danh tir (Grammatical functions o f nouns) 40

3 D a n h tir d e m duoc va danh tit k h o n g d e m duoc

( C o u n t nouns/Countable nouns & Mass nouns/

Uncountable nouns) 41

• C H U O N G 3 - D A I T U

(Chapter 3 - Pronouns) 42

Cac loai dai tir (Kinds o f pronouns) 43

1 D a i tir N h a n x u n g (Personal Pronouns) 44

1.1 Dai tir nhan xung lam chu ngu (Subjective Personal Pronouns) 44

1.2 Dai tir nhan xung lam tan ngu (Objective Personal Pronouns) 45

2 D a i tit So h u u (Possessive Pronouns) 46

3 D a i tir Phan than & Dai t i i N h a n m a n h

(Reflexive and Emphasizing Pronouns) 47

4 Dai tir C h i d i n h (Demonstrative Pronouns) 49

5 Dai tir Bat d i n h (Indefinite Pronouns) 50

6 Dai tir Q u a n he (Relative Pronouns) 51

7 Dai tir N g h i van (Interrogative Pronouns) 54

8 Dai t i i H o t u o n g (Reciprocal Pronouns) 55

9 Dai tir Phan p h o i (Distributive Pronouns) 55

Muc Luc-13

• C H U O N G 4 - D O N G T U (Chapter 4 - Verbs) 56 Cac loai d p n g t u (Kinds o f verbs) 58

1 D o n g t u bien vi/Dpng t u g i o i han (Finite verbs/Finites) 60 1.1 Ngoai dong tit (Transitive verbs) 60 1.2 N o i dong tir (Intransitive verbs) 60 1.3 Dong t u lien ket (Linking verbs) 62

2 D o n g t u k h o n g bien vi/Dpng t u k h o n g gioi h a n ( N o n - f i n i t e verbs/Non-finites) 64 2.1 Dong tir nguyen the hoac nguyen mau (Infinitives) 64

2.1.1 Nguyen the c6 "To" (Infinitive with "To") 65 2.1.2 Nguyen the khong "To" (Infinitive without "To") 67 2.2 Danh t u dong (Gerund) 68 2.3 Phan t u (Participles) 70 2.3.1 Phan tu hien tai (Present Participle) 70

2.3.2 Phan tu qua khii (Past Participle) 72 2.3.3 Noi them ve phan tu (Participle) 74

3 Trp d p n g tu/Dpng tir k h i e m khuyet

(Auxiliary verbs/Defective verbs) 76

3.1 Trp dong t u (Auxiliary verbs) 76 3.2 Dpng t u khiem khuyet (Defective verbs) 77

3.2.1 Noi them ve Defective verbs 77 3.2.2 Cach diing khac nhau giua dong tu khiem khuyet

va dong t i i thuong 78

• C H U O N G 5 - CAC P H A N C H I N H C U A D O N G T U (Chapter 5 - The principal parts o f a verb) 79

l T h e (Form) 82 1.1 The tiep dien (Progressive form or Continuous form) 82

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1 4 - MiND M A P ENGLISH G R A M M A R M U C L U C - 1 5

1.2 The nhan manh (Emphatic form) 83

1.3 The truyen khien (Causative form) 85

2 T h i (Tense) 86

2.1 Thi hien tai (Present Tenses^ 87

2.1.1 Thl hien tai don (Simple Present Tense) 87

2.1.2 Thl hien tai tiep dien (Present Continuous Tense) 89

2.1.3 Thl hien tai hoan thanh (Present Perfect Tense) 90

2.1.4 Thi hien tai hoan thanh tiep dien

(Present Perfect Continuous Tense) 91

2.2 Thi qua khii (Past Tenses) 92

2.2.1 Thi qua khii don (Simple Past Tense) 92

2.2.2 Thi qua khii tiep dien (Past Continuous Tense) 93

2.2.3 Thi qua khii hoan thanh (Past Perfect Tense) 94

2.2.4 Thi qua khii hoan thanh tiep dien

(Past Perfect Continuous Tense) 95

2.3 Thi tuang lai (Future Tenses) 96

2.3.1 Thi tuang lai don (Simple Future Tense) 96

2.3.2 Thi tuang lai tiep dien (Future Continuous Tense) 99

2.3.3 Thi tuang lai hoan thanh (Future Perfect Tense) 100

2.3.4 Thi tuong lai hoan thanh tiep dien

(Future Perfect Continuous Tense) 101

3 C a c h ( M o o d ) 102

3.1 Chi dinh each (Indicative mood) 102

3.2 Menh lenh each (Imperative mood) 102

3.3 Dieu kien each (Conditional mood) 102

3.4 Gia dinh each (Subjunctive mood) 103

4 Loi (Vbice) 105

4.1 Lam the nao doi tir loi chii dong sang loi thu dong 105

4.2 Gian do t o m tat cac t h i 6 loi chii dong sang thti dong 106

4.3 Chii y doi sang loi thu dong khi cau chii dong

• C H U O N G 6 - T I N H T U

(Chapter 6 - Adjectives) 109

1 T i n h t u (Adjectives) 110 1.1 Tinh tir Rieng (Proper Adjective) I l l

1.2 T i n h ttt Mieu ta (Descriptive Adjective) I l l 1.3 Tinh t u So lugng (Adjective of Quantity) I l l 1.4 Tinh tir So dem (Numeral Adjective) 112 1.5 T i n h tir Chi dinh (Demonstrative Adjective) 112

1.6 Tinh ttt Phan biet (Distributive Adjective) 113 1.7 Tinh tir Nghi van (Interrogative Adjective) 114 1.8 Tinh ttr So huu (Possessive Adjective) 114 1.9 Tinh tir Quan he (Relative Adjective) 114

2 Cach diing ciia t i n h ttr (The usage o f Adjectives) 115

• C H U O N G 7 - T R A N G T U / P H O T U (Chapter 7 - Adverbs) 117

1 Trang ttr (Adverbs) 118 1.1 Trang tir Noi ket (Conjunctive Adverb) 119

1.2 Trang tir Nghi van (Interrogative Adverb) 119 1.3 Trang tir Quan he (Relative Adverb) 119 1.4 Trang tir Thai gian (Adverb of Time) 120 1.5 Trang tir N o i chon (Adverb of Place) 120 1.6 Trang tir Cach thiic (Adverb of Manner) 120 1.7 Trang tir So lugng (Adverb of Quantity) 121 1.8 Trang ttr Xac dinh va Phil dinh

(Adverb of Affirmation & Negation) 121

1.9 Trang ttr Tan suat/So dem (Adverb of Frequency or Number) 121

2 Cach dting ciia trang ttr (The usage o f adverbs) 122 Tron Bo SGK: https://bookgiaokhoa.com

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16 - MIND MAP ENGLISH GRAMMAR

• C H U O N G 8 - G I O I T U

( C h a p t e r s - Prepositions) 1 2 3

1 G i o i ttr (Prepositions) 1 2 4

2 Phan biet cac loai gioi t u ? 1 2 5

3 Vai h i n h anh de phan biet gioi tir 1 2 6

4 Cach dting cua gioi t u 1 2 7

• C H U O N G 9 - L I E N T U V A T H A N T U

(Chapter 9 - Conjunctions and Interjections) 1 2 9

1 Lien t u (Conjunctions) 1 3 0

1.1 Lien tir ket hop (Co-ordinating conj.) 1 3 1

1.2 Lien tir phu thuoc (Subordinating conj.) 1 3 2

2 Than ttr (Interjections) 1 3 4

2 1 Quy tac ngu phap 1 1 3 4

2.2 Quy tac ngu phap 2 1 3 5

P H A N 3 ( P A R T 3 )

• C H U O N G 1 0 - C U M T U / N H O M T U

(Chapter 1 0 - C r o u p o f words) 1 3 6

C u m t u (Phrase) 1 3 7

1 C u m gioi ttr (Prepositional phrase) 1 3 8

2 C u m thuoc d o n g ttr (Verbal phrase) 1 4 0

2 1 Cum phan t u (Participle phrase) 1 4 1

2 2 Cum danh dong ttr (Gerundial phrase) 1 4 2

2.3 Cum dong t u nguyen the (Infinitive phrase) 1 4 3

Muc Luc 17

• C H U O N G 1 1 - M E N H D E (Chapter 1 1 - Clauses) 1 4 4

1 M e n h de c h i n h ( M a i n / Independent clause) 1 4 5

2 M e n h de p h u (Subordinate / Dependent clause) 1 4 5

2 1 Menh de danh t u ( N o u n clause) 1 4 7

2 2 Menh de tinh t u (Adjective clause) 1 4 8

2 3 Menh de trang tir (Adverb clause) 1 4 9

• C H U O N G 1 2 - C A U (Chapter 1 2 - Sentences) 1 5 2

1 Cau d o n gian (Simple sentences) 1 5 2

2 Cau kep ( C o m p o u n d sentences) 1 5 2

3 Cau phiic (Complex sentences) 1 5 2

4 Cau h o n h o p ( C o m p o u n d - C o m p l e x sentences) 1 5 2

P H A N 4 ( P A R T 4 )

• C H U O N G 1 3 - C A C H D U N G (Chapter 1 3 - Usage) 1 5 3

A Truong h o p (case) 1 5 4

1 Truong h g p chii each ( N o m i n a t i v e case) 1 5 4

2 Truong h g p tan each (Accusative case) 1 5 5

3 Truong h g p d u each (Dative case) 1 5 7

4 Truong h g p so h u u each (Possessive case) 1 5 7

5 Truong h g p ho each (Vocative case) 1 6 0

B Sir h o a j i g p dai tir (Pronoun agreement) 1 6 0 Tron Bo SGK: https://bookgiaokhoa.com

Download Ebook Tai: https://downloadsachmienphi.com

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18 M I N D MAP ENGLISH GRAMMAR

C Su hoa hop giua chu ngu va dong tu

(Subject - Verb Agreement) 163

5 Dong tu bien vi/gidi han (Finite verb) 172

7 Phan tu (Participle or Verbal adjective) 173

8 Dong tu nguyen the/ Dong tu khong bien vi

(Infinitive or Non-finite verb) 174

P H A N 6 ( P A R T 6 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

• P H U L U C ( A P P E N D I X )

Phu luc 1 - Dau nhan am/Dau trong am

(Appendix 1 - Accent mark/stress mark) 177

Phu luc 2 - Cau dieu kien

(Appendix 2 - Conditional sentences-If clause) 182

-Phu luc 3 - Ung dung dac biet cua dong tu - Cau tra loi ngan

(Appendix 3 - Short responses) 182

Phu luc 4 - Cau hoi duoi '

(Appendix 4 - Tag questions) 191

Muc Luc -19

Phu luc 5 - Phep so sanh cua tinh tu va trang tCr (Appendix 5 - The comparison of Adjectives and Adverbs) 200 Phu luc 6 - So sanh kep

(Appendix 6 - Double Comparison) 207 Phu luc 7 - Cau noi true tiep va cau noi gian tiep

(Appendix 7 - Direct speech and indirect speech/

Reported speech) 212 Phu luc 8 - Dang rtit ngan ciia dong tu

(Appendix 8 - Shortened form of verbs) 221 Phu luc 9 - Bang dong tu bat quy tac

(Appendix 9 - List of irregular verbs) 223 Phu luc 10 - Huc^ng dan each ve Ban Do Tu Duy

(Appendix 10 - How to draw Mind Maps) 231

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C H a O N G DAN N H A ?

De cuon sach "Mind Map Enghsh Grammar" giiip nguoi hoc dat hieu qua, tac gia thiet nghi can neu ra mot so vuong mac neu

CO, de duoc su dong thuan va thong hieu ciia nguoi hoc truoc khi

bat tay vao viec hoc tap

f " M I N D MAPS" LA GI? ) i

Theo tieng Viet, "mind maps" duoc dich la "ban do tu duy"

No la mot cong cu hoan hao de giiip ta thiet lap thong tin chi tren mot to giay Nha no nguoi ta c6 the tom tat toan bo mot cuon sach theo each la nguoi do chi can nha lai nhung dieu ca ban Dieu chinh a day la khong duoc chii y den chi tiet vi bo 6c cua chiing ta chi thich nha nhung y tuang hay tir ngu chu yeu ma thoi

T U D A U C O " M I N D MAPS"? )

Cha de ciia "mind maps" la Tony Buzan Ong sinh nam 1942 tai Luan Don va tot nghiep tai truang Dai hoc British Columbia nam 1964 vai hoc vi danh du kep ve Tarn ly hoc, Tieng Anh, Toan va Khoa hoc thuang thiic

Tony Buzan va cong su cua ong da giiip cho hang trieu nguai tren the giai sii dung tri 6c ciia ho mot each c6 hieu qua Viec ve ban

do tu duy nay la mot ky thuat cua nghe thuat tao hinh giiip lam phong phii tiem nang ciia nao bo Nguai ta c6 the ting dung ky thuat phac hpa nay trong mpi khia canh ciia dai song de cai tien viec hpc hoac vach r6 nhung muc tieu dang thach thiic chiing ta

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22 MIND MAP ENGLISH GRAMMAR

DIEM G I O N G VA K H A C NHAU GILTA "ENGLISH GRAMMAR

MIND MAPS" VA "MIND MAP ENGLISH GRAMMAR" LA GI ?

Giong nhau: cting muc di'ch hoc tap

Khac nhau: phuang phap hoc jtap (thu dong va chii dong)

* " E N G L I S H GRAMMAR MIND MAPS": h u p : / / w w w

usingmindmaps.com/enghsh-grammar-mind-map-tutor.html

Tac gia t r l n h bay tat ca cac n p i dung bai hoc bang ban d o t u duy

(Voi each hoc nay nguoi hoc se b i t h u dong.)

* "MIND MAP E N G L I S H GRAMMAR'": N o i dung bai hoc dupe

tac gia t r l n h bay torn tat, de hieu, de nho, v u i mat theo ban d o tri

thuc, m o t dang each tan ciia ban d o t u duy Tuy nhien, yeu eau

nguoi hpc sau k h i hpc, hieu, thupe n p i dung bai hpc H p phai t u

ve ban d o t u duy bai hpc d o de n h a lau hon Cuoi quyen sach c6

huang dan nguoi hpc each ve (Voi each hpc nay nguoi hpc se chu

dong hon.)

V i d u : N p i dung bai hpc dupe the hien theo 2 each sau:

English Grammar Mind Maps Mind Maps English Grammar

C H U O N G D A N N H A P - 23 Tron Bo SGK: https://bookgiaokhoa.com

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CHAPTER 1

V A I DINH NGHiA

•

T i r KHO SOME DEFINITIONS OF DIFFICULT TERMS

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2 6 - MIND MAP ENGLISH GRAMMAR

1 SENTENCE (Cau)

Cau la m o t n h o m t u d i e n dat t r p n ven m o t y nghia

M o t cau g o m c6 m o t chii ligii (a subject) va m o t v i n g u

• S: Subject (Chu ngu) • D.O.; Direct object (Tan ngu true tiep)

• V;- Verb (Dpng tit) • I.O.: Indirect object (Tan ngugidn tiep)

C H U O N G 1 - VA! D I N H NGHiA TU KHO - 2 7

SENTENCE

Auxiliary Predication

as Operator

.We would We didn't

search the room carefully,

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28 MIND MAP ENGLISH GRAMMAR

2 SUBJECT (Chu ngfl)

La mot tir hay mot nhom tir dat ten cho nguoi,

con vat hay do vat hoac khai niem ma no thuc

hien hanh dong dugc dien,^ta boi dong tu

Vd: Bill goes to school [ Bill la subject

^(V) (S)

3 OBJECT (Tan ngir) ^

Tan ngu c6 the la mot danh tu hay mot cum danh tu diing

ngay sau ngoai dong tu / tha dong tir (Transitive Verb)

Vd: - Mr Peter[scoldedj his son last night

(Vt) (D.O.)

(Ong Peter mSng con trai ong ta toi qua.)

-He [boughtI a shirt yesterday

(Vt) (D.O.)

(Anh ta da mua 1 cai ao so mi ngay hom qua.)

Naoai le: Mot so ngoai dong tu can c6 hai tan ngu (Distransitive Verbs):

nhu: to teach, to give, to buy, to send, to receive,

(Ong Brown dua cho con trai mot chiec dong ho.)

Hay r - Mrs.Green |buys| her husband a shirt (Vt) ( I O ) (D.O.)

• - Mrs.Green |buys| a shirt | for | her husband

(Vt) (D.O.) (I.O.)

(Ba Green dua cho chong mot cai ao.)

Viet tat:

• Vt: Transitive verb (Ngoai dong til)

CHUONG 1 VAieiNH NGHIATUKHO 29

4 COMPLEMENT (Bo ngfl)

- Bo ngu la mot tu hay mot cum tir diing sau noi dong tir / tu dong tir (Intransitive verb) cho biet them thong tin ve chii ngu

o i a d p n g t u d o

- Bo ngu thuong diing sau mot so dong tu nhu : to be (th'i,

la, 6), appear (c6 ve), feel (cam thay), look (c6 ve), seem (hinh nhu), taste (c6 vi), smell (c6 miii),

- Ngoai le: Doi voi cau noi dao ngu (Inversion):

+ There is a book [ "a book" la chu ngii ] + There are two books [ "two books" la chu ngu ]

- Bo ngu c6 the o l\rong 11 dang duoi day :

Trang 15

30 - MIND MAP ENGLISH GRAMMAR

5 ANTECEDENT (Tu" diing trucfc/Tien ngU)

La m o t t u hay m o t n h o m tir d i i n g phia trudc, c6 hen he v a i

ttr d i i n g sau c6 the la t i n h t u , dai t u q u a n he

Bill forgets his b o o k

[Bill la antecedent ciia his]

Mr Brown

w h o I knows T o m is a doctor, / A

(S, j f (V2) { 0 2 ) ( V , )

Mr B r o w n la antecedent ciia w h o ]

6 APPOSITIVE (Dong vi ngO)

La d a n h t u dat ke lien m o t d a n h t u khac (antecedent) c6

dau [phay] m a ca hai cting chi c h u n g m o t nguoi, m o t

vat the de t h o n g t i n r o ve n g u o i hay vat d o

- Mr T a n , the teacher, is m y father

[the teacher la apposittve vai Mr Tdn.j

Last night, there was a b i g fire at Pattaya / a province o f T h a i l a n d

[a province Id appositive voi Pattaya]

CHUONG 1 - VAI D|NH NGHiA TU KHO - 31

7 PERSON (Ngoi)

La b i e n each ciia dai tir va d o n g t u

Gom:

• Dai t u chu each (dai t u l a m chii ngu):

Ngu&i dang not (I, we)

Nguoi nghe, ngu&i duoc noi vai (you)

Ngu&i duQ!c noi ve (he, she, it, they)

• Dai t u tan each (dai tir l a m tan ngu):

- 1st Person (ngoi I): me, us (ngoi t h i i nhat so it, so nhieu)

• - 2 n d Person (ngoi II): y o u (ngoi t h i i hai so it, so nhieu)

^ - 3rd Person (ngoi III): him, her, it, them (ngoi thii ba so i t so nhieu)

8 N U M B E R (So)

La sv bien each ciia d p n g tir, dai tir hay d a n h tir

Gom:

- So it (singular): Chi tir " 1 " [There is one hag.]

- So n h i e u (plural): C h i tir " 2 " t r a len [There are three bags.]

singular plural Tron Bo SGK: https://bookgiaokhoa.com

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32 M I N D M A P ENGLISH GRAMMAR

9 GENDER (Giong)

Trong tieng Anh, giong khong tac dong, den chiic nang

trong ngu phap

Gom: ^

- Due (mascuhne): (Boy, man )

- Cai (feminine): (Girl, woman )

- Trung tinh (neuter): (Dog, cat )

- Chung (common): (Parents )

10 VERBAL (Thuoc dong tii)

La hinh thiic dong t u phai bo "To", them "ING" vao sau

no No CO the la:

• Gerund (Danh dpng tir): Diing nhu mot danh tii, nghia

la CO the lam chu each (nominative case) hay tan each

(objective case) cho mot dong tu

Vd: SwimmlNG is good I like swimmlNG

I (S) (verb)^ (verb) I I CO)

• Participle (Phan ttr): Diing nhu mot tinh tir bo nghia

cho mot danh ttr (modifying a noun)

CHUONG 1 - VAl D|NH NGHIA TU KHO - 33

No ciing c6 the la nguyen the / nguyen mau:

• Infinitive (Nguyen the) dupe dung nhu:

- Mot trang tir: bo nghia cho mot tinh tir

(adj) t (adv = infinitive)

(That qua dat khong the mua noi sach do.)

- Mot danh tit: chir ngir cho mot dpng ttr

(S) A (verb)

(noun = infinitive)

(Ca hat la vui ve)

- Mot tinh tir: bo nghia cho mot danh tir

Vd: I have much monev TO SAVE

(noun) f (adj = infinitive)

(Toi CO nhieu tien de danh dum.)

hoae cau tren c6 the viet:

I have a lot of money from saving up

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3 4 - M I N D MAP ENGLISH GRAMMAR

11 ELLIPSIS (Phep tinh luoc)

La phep bo bat tir ma cau van van diing

[Phan bo bat duac hieu ngam]

White " I was" working, saw her

(ciingchu tit)

(Trong khi (toi) lam viec, toi trong thay c6 ta.)

• • While working, I saw her

The boy ^X^^^)'^/' I'm looking for goes far away

(Cau be ma toi dang t l m kiem di xa roi.)

# The boy I'm looking for goes far away

12 I D I O M (Thanh nga)

La loai cau noi quen dting ciia ngirai ban xu, khong can

chii y den ngu phap va tu vung

Vd:

- It rains cats and dogs (Trai mua tarn ta.)

- She kicked the bucket (Ba ta da chau Trai roi.)

8 PARTS OF SPEECH

Trang 19

A w 111 11

I

38 - MIND MAP ENGLISH GRAMMAR

I DANH TU (Novins)

Danh tu la tu diing de dat ten nguoi, con vat, do vat, su viec, khai niem hay trang thai

I dem duoc): La danh

' tit chi so dong

> Vd: wood, gold,

I iron, copper,

I water

5 Abstract nouns

(Danh tir triru

tU0ng): La danh til

chi mpt y tudng, pham chat ma ta ichong nhan biet duoc bang giac quan

Vd: peace, love, success, friendship

7 Count nouns/

Countable nouns

(Danh tti dem duoc): La danh tit chi ten nhtmg gi c6 the dem duoc

Vd: a table, a chair,

a boy

4 Concrete nouns

(Danh tir cu the):

La danh til chi nhang gi nhan bi6't duoc bSng cac giac quan (tai, mSt, mui, tay )

Vd: house, water, hospital, restaurant

1 Common nouns (Danh tir

chung): La danh tir chi mpt Idp nguoi, con vat, do vat cirng mpt loai Vd: man, cat, chair, teacher

2 Proper nouns

(Danh tit rieng):

La danh tir chi ten rieng nen phai viet hoa

Vd: Mr.Tam, Paris, Micheal Jackson

5 Collective nouns

(Danh tir tap hop):

La danh tir chi mpt sd nguoi, cpn vat, do vat duoc coi nhu mOt don

vi (a unit)

Vd: army, team, government, family, flock (dan) -» a flock

of birds (dan chim), herd (bay) -» a herd

of horses (bay ngya) Tron Bo SGK: https://bookgiaokhoa.com

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4 0 ' MIND MAP ENGLISH GRAMMAR

2 C A C C H U C N A N G C I J A D A N H T U

(Grammatical functions of nouns)

1 Chu ngu cho mot dong tu (Subject of a verb)

3 Tan ngu tryc tiep (D.O.) va gian tiep (I.O.) cho

mpt dpng tu CO hai tan ngu

Vd: I give him a hat (Toi cho anh ta mpt cai non.)

(S) (V) (I.O.) (D.O.)

4 Tan ngu cho mpt gidi tu (Object of a preposition)

Vd: I wait for my friend (Toi dpi ban toi.)

(S) (V) (prep)

T

(O)

\

5 Bo ngu /Danh tu vi ngu (Complement or Predicative noun)

Vd: This is my book This is

(to be)

4 _

(predicative noun)

\ (Day la cuon sach ciia toi.)

6 Dong vi ngu (Appositive)

Vd: Mr Robert, my teacher , taught me English yesterday

I = — - I (appositive) [My teacher is an apposition to Mr Robert.]

(6ng Robert, thay toi, da day toi tieng Anh hom qua.)

CHUONG 2 - DANH TU - 41

3 DANH T U D E M DUOC VA DANH T U KHONG

D E M DUOC (Count nouns/Countable nouns & Mass nouns/ Uncountable nouns)

MASS NOUNS

or UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS (Danh tu khong dem dupe)

COUNT NOUNS

or COUNTABLE NOUNS (Danh tir dem dupe)

• MILK (Sua) much milk (nhieu sua) little milk (it sua)

a glass of milk (1 ly sua)

2 glasses of milk (2 ly sua)

• COFFEE (Ca phe) much coffee (nhieu ca phe) little coffee (it ca phe)

a cup of coffee (1 tach ca phe)

3 cups of coffee (3 tach ca phe)

• GASOLINE (Xang) much gasoline (nhieu xSng) litde gasoline (it xang)

a gallon of gasoline (1 galong xang)

4 gallons of gasoline (4 galong xang)

• BREAD (Banh m i )

much bread (nhieu banh mi) litde bread (it banh mi)

a loaf of bread (1 6 banh mi)

3 loaves of bread (3 6 banh mi)

• CHALK (Phan Viet)

much chalk (nhieu phan) litde chalk (it phan)

a piece of chalk (1 vien phan)

3 pieces of chalk (3 vien phan)

Trang 21

CAC L O A I DAI TIJ (Kinds of pronouns)

Dai t u la t u thay the cho mot danh tu

Co 9 loai dai t u sau day:

Trang 22

1 PERSONAL PRONOUNS (Dai tii Nhan xung)

1.1- Subjective Personal Pronouns: Gom 7 tii

(Dai tir nhan xung lam chii ngii)

1.2 - Objective Personal Pronouns: Com 7 ttr

(Dai tCr nhan xung lam tan ngir)

YOU

Trang 23

^ 2 P O S S E S S I V E PRONOUNS (Dai tu So huu)

{• THEIRS :•

HIS

1- Here is m y book YQiipfeoOlT is over there

' * '

YOURS is over there

2- Mary's (house) is green MyAcrtlse" is white

(Danh tit lap lai)

His chair # H I S Their chair ^ T H E I R S

(Danh til lap hi)

3 R E F L E X I V E AND EMPHASIZING PRONOUNS (Dai tu Phan than va Dai tu Nhan manh) ^

So nhieu (Plural) OURSELVES YOURSELVES THEMSELVES Tron Bo SGK: https://bookgiaokhoa.com

Trang 24

i la

C A C H D O N G ( U S A G E )

1. Dai tir phan than c6 tac d u n g nhan manh, goi

Emphasizing pronouns

a Khi no nhan manh vao chu ngu (Subject) hay tan ngu

(Object) cua no Ta dich la " C H I N H "

Vd: - [T] myself do this ecercise

(Chinh toi lam bai tap nay.)

- IHel walks to school himself

(Chinh anh ay di toi tarong.)

- She looks for [the dog| itself

(Co ay t i m chinh con cho do.)

b Khi no diing lien ke sau chu "BY" Ta dich la "MOT M i N H "

Vd: - Tom goes home |by | himself

(Tom di ve nha mot minh.)

hay: Tom goes home alone

- She stands at the bus station [by] herself

(Co ta d i i n g a tram xe buyt m o t m m h )

hay: She stands at the bus station alone

2 Dai tir phan than k h o n g c6 tac d u n g nhan manh, goi la

Reflexive pronouns

Khi no dugc diing de chi nguoi thuc hien viia la chii ngu

(Subject) cung vtra la tan ngu (Object) ciia hanh dong Ta

dich la "Tir"

V d : -|)ane| watches herself i n the mirror

(Jane tir m i n h soi guang.)

- T] bought myself a shirt last week

(Toi t u m i n h mua cai ao so m i tuan roi.)

CHUONG3-DAI TU 49

4 DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS (Dai tir Chi dinh)

C o m 6 t u :

O N E

V d : There are t w o shirts o n the table

The red O N E is mine The blue O N E is yours

6 Demonstrative Pronouns

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5 0 - MIND M A P ENGLISH GRAMMAR

5 INDEFINITE PRONOUNS (Dai tu Bat dinh)

3 N O B O D Y (chang c6 ai) Vd: Nobody comes here

4 S O M E O N E (nguai nao do) Vd: Someone sends me a letter

5 S O M E T H I N G (dieu/cai gi do)

Vd: I buy something to eat

6 S O M E B O D Y (nguoi nao do) Vd: Somebody must know her

7 A N Y O N E (bat cii ai)

Vd: Anyone helps her

8 A N Y T H I N G (bat cii cai gl)

Vd: I don't know anything

9 A N Y B O D Y (bat cii ai)

Vd: Anybody can sing a song

C H U O N G 3 - O A I T U 5 1

6 RELATIVE PRONOUNS (Dai tu Quan he)

Dai tu quan he diing thay the cho mot danh tu hay mot dai tir diing truac va noi menh de phu voi mot menh de khac trong cau Gom:

Thay the NGl/CII Thay the VAT Chi sd hflu "MA C U A "

Cliu nguf WHO (ma) WHICH (ma) WHOSE = OF WHICH (ma cua)

Tanngfl WHOM (ma) WHICH (ma) WHOSE (ma cua) dung cho NGl/Ol

D*cM«t THAT (mi), AS (mi), WHAT (dilu mi/cii mi), BUT (mi khdng)

6.1 W H O (subject) dugc dich la "MA" thay the cho tu diing

truoc (tien tri tu / antecedent) chi nguoi

THE MAN W H O teaches me is Mr Brown (s,) J(V,) (0,)(VJ

(Ngu&i dan ong ma day toi la ong Brown.)

6.2 W H O M (object) cung ducrc dich la "MA", thay the cho tu diing truoc chi nguoi |WHOM|C6 the bo va dugc hieu ngam

Trang 26

5 2 - MIND MAP ENGLISH GRAMMAR

WHICH (object) c6 the bo de hieu ngdm

Vd: The cat 'j^^Jwdif have is black

(S2) (Oii^S,)] f(V,) (V2)

(Con meo ma tot CO thi mau dm.)

6.4 W H O S E dugc dich la " M A C U A " , thay the cho tir diing tmac

chi nguoi va vat so huu diing a phia truac

Vd: The man, WHOSE son 1 know, is Dick

(S2)

(Nguoi dan dug md con trai dm dug ta

toi biet la Dick.)

6.5 O F W H I C H dugc dich la " M A CUA", chi vat va do vat sg huu

diing a phia tmoc

Lull y: Ta c6 the diing "Whose" thay cho "of which"

Vd: The cat | the eyes of which \e blue is old

hoac: The cat | whose eyes] are blue is old

(Con meo ma doi mat cua no mau xanh thi gid.)

[Nhung con cho vd meo md toi nuoi Id thu cung cua toi.)

^ Co the thay the bang THAT:

Viet lai: Dogs and cats | THATi l raise are my pets

- I saw a lot of people, cattle and carts THAT went to the market

• b Tu dung tmoc di voi cac dai tu khong xac dinh nhu Anything, Something, Everything, Anybody, All, Some, Any, No, Every, Much Vd: - Answer all (the) questions THAT I asked you

- You can ask anybody THAT you meet

- A l l THATI can say is this

- AH THAT glitters is not gold (Tuc ngu) (Dirng tin ve be ngoai/cho thay sang ma ngo la vang.)

• c Tit diing truoc di voi tinh tir so sanh tuyet doi (cue cap), ke ca FIRSTvaLAST

Vd: -He was the first person THAT broke the silence

• d Tir dung truoc di voi ONLY (duy nhat) - VERY (chinh) Vd: - This is the verv dictionary THAT I'm looking for

-1 bought the only book THAT they had

6.7 A S (ma)

"AS" thuong dugc dung dung sau SUCH, SAME, AS Vd: - SUCH things AS he sees are strange

- This is the SAME lesson AS I have learnt

6.8 W H A T (dieu ma, cai ma)

"WHAl" (= the thing(s) WHICH) Vd: She can understand WHAT you mean

(She can understand the things which you mean.)

6.9 B U T (ma khong)

"BUT" (= Who not, which not) Vd: - There is no one BUT (who does not) knows her

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54 MIND MAP ENGLISH GRAMMAR

7 INTERROGATIVE PRONOUNS (Dai tu Nghi van)

Dai tu nghi van la dai tu dung de dat cau hoi (Questions)

8 R E C I P R O C A L PRONOUNS (Dai tir Ho tuong)

Trong tieng Viet, ca hai dai tu sau day deu dugc dich la

"LAN NHAU", nhung trong tieng Anh ta nen phan biet ro hai truong hop sau:

• Neu chi c6 2 nguai ta dung EACH OTHER

• Neu tu 2 nguai tra len ta diing ONE ANOTHER

• Ngay nay, ngudi ta dung pho bien "EACH OTHER"

Com 2 tu

EACH OTHER (Ian nhau); (cung nhau)

9 DISTRIBUTIVE PRONOUNS (Dai tir Phan phoi)

Com c6: EACH, EITHER, NEITHER Cach dung: Dugc dung voi mot dong tir 6 so it (singular) Vd: - Each has a motorbike in this family

(Trong gia dlnh nay moi ngudi c6 1 xe may.)

- Either of you has to go

(Moi nguai trong cac anh phai di.)

- Neither receives money

(Chang ai nhan dugc tien.)

Trang 28

- Dong tu chi hanh dong gom TRANSITIVE va INTRANSITIVE VERBS

- Dong tir chi trang thai la LINKING VERBS / COPULA hay COPULATIVE VERBS

Trang 29

5 8 - MIND MAP ENGLISH GRAMMAR

CAC LOAI D O N G T U (Kinds of verbs)

2.2 Gerunds Vd: Peter enjoyed learning w i t h his teacher

S<ldown,plo»se!

Thank you!

2.3 Participles 1) Present participle: V + ing ^ A D J / N O U N Vd: - A sleeping child (as an adjective to m o d i f y a n o u n )

3) Perfect participle: Having + V^^j (active voice)

Having + been + V ^ j (passive voice) Vd: - Having eaten

- Having been eaten

Trang 30

r SECTION i ;

1 FINITE VERBS/FINITES (DQNG TU BIEN VI/DONG TIT

GIOI HAN) >

Com:

1.1 Transitive verbs (Ngoai/Tha dong tu): la dong tu can c6

tan ngu true tiep (Direct object), viet tat la "D.O."

Mot vai dong tu nhu: to eat, to teach, to see, to tell, to love,

1.2 Intransitive verbs (Noi/Tu dong tu): la dong tu, diing

mot minh dii nghia

Mot vai dong tu nhu: to go, to come, to walk, to laugh, to cry,

Lam the nao de phan biet giua Transitive" va "Intransitive" Verbs?

Ta dat cau hoi "Ai?" hoac "Cai gi?" a sau dong tu do de hoi ma ta tra Icri duoc, thi dong tu do la Transitive va nguoc lai

Noi khac di da la Transitive verbs thi phai c6 Object theo sau

Transitive

him

(D.O.)

[Chung toi thay ai?]

[Chung toi thay anh ta?]

-They buy two books [Chung no mua cai gi?]

~T(Vt) (D.O.) Transitive [Chiiug uo mua hai cuon sach.] Nhung: - They sit down [Chiing no ngoi xuong cai gi?] (Sai)

\ [Chiing no ngoi xuong ai?] (Sai)

Mransitive [Chiing uo ugoi xuong.] (Dii nghia)

CHI ClIU 2:

Mot so dong tir kho phan biet giua Transitive" va "Intransitive" \feibs

Transitive Verbs

(Ngoai dong tir)

To lay

(dat nam)

To set (de)

To raise (gic)

Transitive Verbs

(Ngoai dong tir) Vd: I lay a

pen

Vd: You set a pen to paper

Vd: She raises her hand

Intransitive Verbs

(NOi dong tir)

To lie (nam)

To sit (ngoi)

To rise (moc)

Intransitive Verbs

(NOi dong tir) Vd: We lie in bed Vd: They sit down Vd: The sun rises in the east

Trang 31

GHI CHU 3:

Mot so dong tCr c6 the vua la Transitive verbs vua la Intransitive verbs

Mot so dong tu nhu: to eat,«to stop, to open, to break, to move, to

ring, to burn, to begin, to close, to continue,

Vd: - Mr Brov^^n is eating a cake - Mr Brown is eating

(Toi khong the hinh dung dieu anh noi.)

- She conceives at last

(Vi)

(Cuoi Cling CO ta mang thai.)

- We grow rice here

(Vt)

(Chung toi trong liia a day.)

- Rice grows well here

(Vi)

(Liia mpc tot a day.)

1.3 Linkins verbs (Dong t u lien ket): diing de dien ta sg: lien

quan giua chu ngu (subject) va bo ngu (complement), chii

khong phai tan ngu (object)

trong CO ve)

(tra nen, tra thanh) (nghe)

to l o o k

(c6 ve) (giu cho, lam cho) (hinh nhu) (van (con)) (nga sang, tra nen, tra thanh) (c6 duQfc)

Vi t r i diing Sau cac dong tit lien ket

la tinh tit (adjectives), thay VI trang tir (adverbs)

Hoac.theo sau no la danh tir No

la bo ngu (complement)

va CO tinh

tir theo sau gpi la tinh tir bo ngu (predicative adjective)

V i d u She is getting poor

(Trai tro ret)

- The woolen rug keeps the baby warm ''^^

(n)IC (adj)

(Chiec men len giu cho dua be am.)

Trang 32

no Vila la mot danh

tCr va cung vira la mot

dong tu Hinh thiic

cua dpng tir c6 To"

Vd: to go, to see, to

believe, to teach,

No dupe dung:

Nhu mot danh tit:

- Co the la chii tir chp mpt dpng t u

Vd: TP see is to believe (Thay la tin);

- Co the la bo ngu cho mpt dpng t i l >

Vd: - TP see is to believe

4 J

(V) (Q

Nhu mpt dong tu:

• Co the dting de dien ta n h u mot hanh dpng

Vd: He teaches me tP speak aloud (Ong ay day toi noi Ion tieng.)

• Co the CO mot tan ngii

Vd: He teaches me |to speak [English (Ong ay day toi noi tieng Anh.)

(m I (o)

• Co the bo nghia boi mpt trang tit

Vd:[To shoot[slowly is death (Ban cham la chet.)

(S)\JM)y(ADV) (V)

C H U O N G 4 - B 0 N G T U 6 5

2J.I Infinitive W i t h "To" (Nguyen the c6 "To")

S +

to arrange (sap xep),

to ask (hoi) to choose (chon), to care (quan tarn), to decide (quyet dinh), to dare (dam),

to forget (quen), to hope (hy vong), to happen (xay ra), to intend (du dinh), to learn (hoc, biet), to manage (quan ly), to need (can),

to plan (hoach dinh),

to prepare (chuan bi),

to pretend (gia vd),

to promise (hiia),

to prove (chiing to),

to seem (duong, hinh nhu), to want (muon),

to wish (uoc ao, uoc mong), to offer (de nghi)

Vd: ,, -They -She

- Jane

ask plans decided

to response their questions

to go to Paris

to be a singer

Trang 33

6 6 M I N D M A P E N G L I S H G R A M M A R

S +

to ask (hoi, yeu cau), to choose

(chon), to desire (ao uoc),

to invite (moi), to intend (du

dinh), to like (thich), to love

(yeu), to prefer (thich hon),

to wish (uoc), to prepare (chuan

bi), to promise (hiia), to want

(muon), to allow (cho phep)

To advise (Anh|/to advice [My|

(khuyen bao), to force (bat

buoc), to expect (hy vong),

to order (ra lenh), to permit (xin

phep), to persuade (thuyet phuc),

to teach (day), to tell (noi ra,

bao), to warn (canh bao)

Vd: I I I ,,

- He asked me to go to Da Lat

- She prefers you to travel

* - We allow him to go out

- lohn invited me to join the party

- She expects to arrive on time

- They promise to answer me

-To

s + Can, may, must, shall, will,

could, might, should, would

-To

Vd: I I I

-They can speak English

- She might arrive here late

Dung vdi mot so Linking Verbs:

- The police observed the man enter the bank

• Diing ddng tit & menh lenh each (Imperative mood):

Vd: - Close the door, please. {Yp*i close the door.)

- Switch on the light, please (Yj>tf switch on the light.)

- Show me the way. [Y^ show me the way.)

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6 8 MIND MAP ENGLISH GRAMMAR

2.2 G e r u n d ( D a n h d o n g t u )

• H i n h thiic: D o n g t u nguyen the, bo "to", them " I N G "

Vd: To eat -> eating

• Chiic nang: N o duoc dung: ? f

> Nhu mot danh tit

Co the lam chu ngu (subject) hay tan ngu (object) cho mot dpng tu

Vd: - Learning is good for everyone

- A swimmjingl pool

4

(a pool [Which is] used for swimming.) Luu y:

* - Co the CO hoac k h o n g can c6 dau n o i o giua Gerund va N o u n

- Khi doc hay n o i chi nhan am 6 thanh phan D A N H D O N G T U

Vd: - Let's go to the ' s w i m m i n g (-) p o o l

CHUONG 4 - DONG TU - 6 9

> Diing sau mot so giai tit:

+ Gerund ( V-to + ing)

on, at, by, about, of, for

Vd: - 1 wait for playing tennis

> Diing cd hai tntong hop (gerund hay infinitive) vdi mot so dong tit sau:

To intend (du dinh)

To continue (tiep tuc)

To love (yeu)

To begin (bat dau)

To plan (hoach dinh) + Gerund (V-to + ing)

To advise (khuyen) + Infinitive verb (V+to)

To fear (lam so)

To like (thich)

To prefer (thich hon)

Vd:

-We -We

love love

eating

to eat

meat, meat Tron Bo SGK: https://bookgiaokhoa.com

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7 0 MIND MAP ENGLISH GRAMMAR

2.3.1 Present Participles (Phan tir h i e n tai)

+ Present Participle dupe d i i n g v a i d o n g t u " To Be" de t h a n h

lap the tiep d i e n (the Progressive f o r m ) :

*- - The boy r u n n i n g fast is T o m

>• - The boy | |wHO | is] r u n n i n g fast is Tom

p^c_biet: Present Participles eon dupe d i i n g de d i e n ta:

X n g u y e n n h a n ( a cause) c6 nghia " B O I V I " (Because

I dupe h i e u ngam.) Vd: B ^ I N G I ill, she didn't go to school yesterday

Co nghia la:

[Because she was] [being|ill, she d i d n ' t go to shool yesterday.]

11 t h o i g i a n fa time) c6 nghia " K H I " hoac "TRONG K H I " ( W H E N va W H I L E dupe h i e u n g a m )

Vd: - Wa\|in^ his hand, he went away

[When he was] wav|ing|his hand, he went away

Vd: - Entei|ngjthe room, I saw nothing

[When I was] entering the r o o m , I saw n o t h i n g

11 trang thai (a manner) eo nghia "vpi trgng thai", "v6i tam trgng" Vd: - She sits near the window, thinking of her mother

( C h i ay ngoi gan cua so (voi t a m trang) dang nghi ve me.) ho<ic " h a i h a n h d p n g spng h a n h " (xay ra c i i n g liic) Vd: - Peter sits at the table reading a newspaper (ng6i//dpc)

- He ran screaming for help, (vira chay vita keu ciiu)

* N g u o i ta t h u a n g dting Present Participle sau d p n g tir: stand, sit, lie, go, run,

•Thav the nguyen m a u k h i a sau cac d o n g tir chi n h a n thiic giac quan

Vd: - 1 [hear] her singing

- Welsawl h i m standing there

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72 - MIND MAP ENGLISH GRAMMAR

2.3.2 Past Participles (Phan t u qua khu)

- Duoc diing dat sau "To have" de tao nen thl hi?n tai hoan thanh

(Present Perfect Tense), thl qua khii hoan thanh (Past Perfert Tense),

thl tuong lai hoan thanh (Future Perfert Tense), va thi tuong lai hoan

thanh trong qua khu (Future Perfert Tense in the Past)

loved her, he got married to her

have lived in the house for 10

years by next December

- DuQC diing dat sau "To be" de t^o nen cau noi 6 loi thu dpng

- Tom was punished by his teacher

- These house were built last year

CHUONG 4 - D O N G TU 73

_ Duoc diing lam tinh ttr de bo nghia cho danh tCr

A faded flower [a flower which was faded]

(-To)

+ 0 + V ED/(3)

I have my hair cut ( T o i n h a n g u d i t a c a t t o e )

•They have their shoes polished. ( C h O n g n o n h d n g u a i t a d S n h g l a y )

11 get my clothes washed.(3) ( T O I n h o n g u o l ta g i j t q u a n ao.)

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- The singiifig boys come near me

[The boys who are singing] come near me

- The shouting woman wants to help

Phan tu hi?n / [The woman who is shouting] wants to help

tai diing nhu)

mpt tinh tu i - They see us going home (i>i>i

- Being sleepy, John went to bed early

The opened door was ready

« ^ for yop to come in

^ - The opened door was ready for you to come in

to do, did , done (3)

to open, opened, opened (3),

Active Having + V ( 3 ^

Past Participle

Passive Having + been + V(5) having been gone

> y ' having been closed Past Participle to go, went, gone (3)

to close, closed, closed (3),

Ghi chti 3:

PERFECT PARTICIPLE

MRTICIPLB

Vi du:

Phan tit hoan thanh diing Togo went gone nhu mot tinh tir (cptl) (cot 2) (cot 3)

To open opened opened (cot 1) (cot 2) (cot 3) Vd:

Having worked|here for 4 years, |Tom|felt happy [Because Tom has worked here for 4 years, Tom felt happy.]

(Vi Tom da lam a day dupe 4 nam, anh ay cam

thay sung sudng.) ^ Having been worked] hard for a long time, |Tom

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3 AUXILIARY VERBS / DEFECTIVE VERBS (Trcr d o n g t u / D O n g t u

G i i i p 1 Idong tu thuangldung phia sau no

chia d cac thl (tense) va the (form) khac nhau

C A N , MAY, M U S T

O U G H T ( T O ) , SHALL, W I L L , DARE, N E E D , USED ( T O )

Co n h i e m v u t r g g i i i p 1 d o n g tir

t h u a n g chia a cac t h i va the khac

nhau, n h u n g each d i i n g ciia n o khac v a i t r g d o n g tir 6 tren

V d : - Paul can s w i m - Thev w i l l arrive s o o n

Lm y: Dpng tit DARE vd NEED vita Id dpng tit khiem khuyet (noi dung hon Id dong tic bien vi ddc biet) vita Id dpng tit thucmg

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78 - M I N D MAP ENGLISH GRAMMAR

3 D o n g t u d i i n g sau n o phai a

nguyen the (c6 TO) Vd: He wants | to She likes

D I D she go (yesterday) (wefit)?

L U U Y: Xac d i n h , nghi van: - She went to school (Co ta da d i hoc)

- D I D she go to school ? (Co ta da d i hoc chua?)

* D u n g l a m : D I D she W E N T to school ? {sai)

* Vay k h i m u o n D I D hoac D O E S t h l p h a i de d o n g tir c h i n h t r o ve

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80 - MIND MAP ENGLISH GRAMMAR

(1)

- To go -> go / goes

(I)

• Qua k h i i (Past) / cot 2

(2) (3)

To go -> went -> gone

(2) (3)

Hien tai Qua khii Phan m qua khuf

(Present)/ (Past)/cot 2 (Past Participle)/

I live here I lived here yesterday I have lived here

for two years

We go home We went home yesterday We have gone

Vai dpng tij CO quy tac: cot (2) va cot (3) ta chi them "ED"

Voi dpng tir bat quy tac: phai hoc thupc long trong bang dpng tir bat quy tac (Irregular verb list)

(Bang dpng til hat quy tdc b phan Appendix 9 - Trang 223 cm cudn sdch nay.)

Tvr nhiing phan tren: (Present, Past, Past Participle) ta suy ra cac phan c6 lien quan den dpng tir nhu sau:

I DQNG TU CO QUY TAG

(Regular Verbs) Vd: To live

DONG TU BAT QUY TAC (Irregular Verbs) Vd: To go

1 HIEN TAI : QUA K H U PHAN T U QUA KHir 1 : (Present)/cQt 1 (Past)/cQt 2 (Past Participle)/cQt 3;

:Vd: - To live Vd: - lived Vd: - lived ! : - To go - went - gone ;

•l.The (Form) 2 Thi \ (Tense) 3 Cach (Mood) / 4.

L6i

(Voice)/

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