M uc 11 er NEW APPLICATIONS OF MLJCl—S^FP F=ISSIOiNI This page is intentionally left blank Proceedings of the International Workshop on the NEW APPLICATIONS OF Bucharest, Romania 7-12 September 2003 editors A. C. Mueller Institut de Physique Nucleaire, France M. Mirea National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Romania L. Tassan-Got Institut de Physique Nucleaire, France \[p World Scientific NEW JERSEY • LONDON • SINGAPORE • BEIJING • SHANGHAI • HONGKONG • TAIPEI • CHENNAI Published by World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd. 5 Toh Tuck Link, Singapore 596224 USA office: 27 Warren Street, Suite 401^02, Hackensack, NJ 07601 UK office: 57 Shelton Street, Covent Garden, London WC2H 9HE British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. NEW APPLICATIONS OF NUCLEAR FISSION Copyright © 2004 by World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd. All rights reserved. This book, or parts thereof, may not be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or any information storage and retrieval system now known or to be invented, without written permission from the Publisher. For photocopying of material in this volume, please pay a copying fee through the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. In this case permission to photocopy is not required from the publisher. ISBN 981-238-933-4 Printed in Singapore by World Scientific Printers (S) Pte Ltd Organized by IDRANAP (Inter-Disciplinary Research and Applications Based on Nuclear and Atomic Physics) European Center of Excellence from the "Horia Hulubei" National R&D Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering Sponsored by European Commission under contract ICA1-CT-2000-70023 and Romanian Ministry of Education and Research This page is intentionally left blank PREFACE This volume contains the lectures and contributions presented at the International Workshop "New Applications of Nuclear Fission" (NANUF03), held at Bucharest, in Romania, from 7 September to 12 September 2003. NANUF03 is the 4 th international meeting in a series organized by the European Commission Center of Excellence IDRANAP (Inter- Disciplinary Research and Applications Based on Nuclear and Atomic Physics) from the "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering (IFIN-HH). The European Commission, under contract ICA1-CT-2000-70023, generously sponsored this meeting. The workshop topics covered new experimental and theoretical studies focused on the modern developments of nuclear fission aiming at various applications in a wide range of fields. It was an occasion to bring together scientists working in different fields related to nuclear fission in order to disseminate experience and knowledge in the benefit of the community. The main topics of the workshop were: radioactive beam facilities based on nuclear fission; nuclear waste transmutations and the future accelerator driven systems; fission and spallation nuclear data and modeling; experimental and theoretical advances in the study of nuclear fission; fusion reactions and decay modes of superheavy nuclei; stability against fission and many body systems and superasymmetric and multicluster fission. A few contributions presented by very young researchers emerging from connected domains were also accepted. The atmosphere during the workshop was stimulating due to the scientific level of the excellent lectures and the interesting contributions, offering an excellent frame for discussions and raising new suggestions and ideas. The opening address was given by Dr. E. Dragulescu, General Director of the National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, and the IDRANAP European Center of Excellence was presented by Dr. F. Buzatu, the Scientific Director. The meeting took benefits from the presence of Dr. L. Biro, Minister Secretary of State with Nuclear Safety, who presented a documented image of the nuclear energy in Romania and emphasized the importance of a durable development based on nuclear power plants. Prof. A.C. Mueller illustrated the importance of international VII VIM collaborations in the context offered by the 6 European Framework Program and contributed to enhance the synergies within Romanian researchers. Special thanks are addressed to Prof. Yu.P. Gangrsky who presented the concluding remarks in an outstanding manner. We also thank to the International Advisory Committee consisting of Y. Abe (Kyoto), F. Buzatu (Bucharest), R. Casten (Yale), M. Ciocanescu (Pitesti), E. Dragulescu (Bucharest), C. Gheorghiu (Pitesti), W. Greiner (Frankfurt am Main), J.H. Hamilton (Nashville), S. Hofmann (Darmstadt), M.G. Itkis (Dubna), G. Muenzenberg (Darmstadt), Y. Nagame (Tokai), W. von Oertzen (Berlin), Yu.Ts. Oganessian (Dubna), D.N. Poenaru (Bucharest), A.V. Ramayya (Nashville), W. Scheid (Giessen), K H. Schmidt (Darmstadt) and P. Schuck (Orsay). The scientific secretary, Dr. Amalia Pop, and the technical secretary, Mrs. Alia Orascu, have done an extremely valuable and complex activity for the preparation of the meeting and managed difficult matters during the workshop efficiently, contributing essentially to the success. We want to thank Mr. E. Pauna, Mr. A. Sokolov and Mr. G. Chisner for their technical assistance. A special acknowledgement is dedicated to Mr. M. Duma and Mrs. Cristina Aiftimiei for their activity concerning the web design. A.C. Mueller M. Mirea CONTENTS Preface vii Fission Approach to Heavy Particle Radioactivities 1 D.N. Poenaru. R.A. Gherghescu and W. Greiner MYRRHA, a Multipurpose European ADS for R&D 9 H.A. Abderrahim Fusion-fission Dynamics and Synthesis of the Superheavy 14 Elements Y.Abe Quasifission of the Dinuclear System 25 G.G. Adamian, N.V. Antonenko and W. Scheid Microscopic Optical Potential for Nuclear Transmutation, 31 Fusion Reactors and ADS Projects M. Avrigeanu, V. Avrigeanu, M. Duma, W. von Oertzen and A. Plompen Identification of Excited 10 Be Clusters Born in Ternary Fission 41 of 262 Cf A. V. Daniel. G.M. Ter-Akopian, G.S. Popeko, A.S. Fomichev, A.M. Rodin, Yu. Ts. Oganessian, J.H. Hamilton, A.V. Ramayya, J. Kormicki, J.K. Hwang, D. Fong, P. Gore, J.D. Cole, M. Jandel, L Krupa, J. Kliman, J.O. Rasmussen, A.O. Macchiavelli, I.Y. Lee, S C. Wu, M.A. Stoyerand R. Donangelo Production of Photofission Fragments and Study of their 48 Nuclear Structure Yu. P. Gangrsky and Yu. E. Penionzhkevich Variation of Charge Density in Fusion Reactions 54 R.A. Gherghescu, D.N. Poenaru and W. Greiner IX [...]... statistical theory of decay 8 A summary is given at the end 2 Dynamical features of nuclear fission Experimental multiplicities of pre-scission neutron increase monotonically as excitation energy of the compound nucleus increases, while the calculations with the statistical theory of fission decay and of neutron emission show a kind of saturation 9 This is inferred due to a fast decrease of fission life... and thereby in the synthesis of the superheavy elements It is recommended to keep in mind the important role of the dissipation and its associated fluctuation in nuclear collective motions such as nuclear fission 1 Introduction The measurements of multiplicities of neutrons, gamma rays etc emitted prior scission in fusion-fission reactions 1 clarify that the life time of nuclear fission is much longer... Region of cluster emitters From the energetical point of view (released energy Q > 0) the area of heavy particle radioactivity is extended well beyond that of a-decay Nevertheless, the largest branching ratio with respect to a emission experimentally determined up to now is ba = Ta/T ~ 10~ 9 At the limit of experimental sensitivity, the smallest branching ratio measured already is of the order of 10~... introduce a scaling factor which reduces absolute values of shell correction energies of SHE (Note that there are variety of predictions of the shell correction energy, which indicates the existence of ambiguities in theoretical predictions.) If it is taken to be 0.4, the absolute value of the peak height is reproduced, together with the shape of the peak, as shown in Fig 4 Although the factor might... between the magic number of neutrons, N = 82, and protons, Z = 50, in one or both fragments The best conditions for symmetric cold fission are fulfilled by 2 6 4 Fm, leading to identical doubly magic fragments 132 Sn A spectrum of the 234 U halflives versus the mass and atomic numbers of the fragments illustrates the idea of a unified treatment of different decay modes over a wide range of 3 mass asymmetry... effects The surface of calculated half-lives (within ASAF model) of heavy nuclei against 14 C radioactivity and the measured points are plotted in Fig 2 A strong shell effect can be seen: as a rule the shortest value of the halflife (maximum of 1/T) is obtained when the daughter nucleus has a magic number of neutrons (Nj = 126) and/or protons {Z& = 82) For 14 C decay Figure 2 The surface of calculated half-lives... With PSUrvivai calculated with the code and Pfusion of the two-step model, excitation functions of residues are calculated with usual formula of the compound nucleus theory of reactions, ares — ?r* 2 ^ ( 2 J + ^)Pfusion ' Psurvivai (6) There are a few parameters in the statistical theory, such as masses, or shell correction energies of compound nuclei of SHE, the level density parameter, the shell damping... look at the following equation expressing the halflife in terms of three model-dependent quantities (frequency of assaults, preformation probability, and the penetrability of the external part of the barrier): T=l ~T = ~^P l °ST = iosF-^gS-\ogP (2) where F = In 2/v with v denoting the frequency of assaults on the barrier in the process of quantum penetrability As may be seen in Fig 3, despite a slightly... close to the task environment by means of remotely controlled transporters with sufficient reach and degrees of freedom to position the slave at all relevant locations around the MYRRHA machine The concept relies on the ability of the servo-manipulators and the video feedback systems to create a sense of presence for the operators at the task location In practice all of the MYRRHA maintenance tasks will... K Satou, M Asai, H Haba, K Tsukada, N Shinohara and S Ichikawa 164 XII Fingerprints of Finite Size Effects in Nuclear Multifregimentation Ad R Raduta andAI H Raduta 166 Systematics of the Alpha-Decay to Vibrational 2+ States S Peltonen J Suhonen and D.S Delion 170 Analysis of a Neutron-Rich Nuclei Source Based on Photofission M Mirea L Groza, O Bajeat, F Clapier, S Essabaa, F Ibrahim, A.C Mueller, J . NEW APPLICATIONS OF MLJCl—S^FP F=ISSIOiNI This page is intentionally left blank Proceedings of the International Workshop on the NEW APPLICATIONS OF. covered new experimental and theoretical studies focused on the modern developments of nuclear fission aiming at various applications in a wide range of fields.