“Haz-ards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages” PH2.. Commission E reports for oral use of leaf, contraindications: pregnancy EO/alcoholic extracts; adverse effec
Trang 1PHR; PH2); Escherichia (1; CAN; HH2); Fatigue (f; PH2); Fever (1; APA; DEM; JFM; MAD;
PHR; PH2; WOI); Flu (f; JFM); Fungus (1; HH2; KOM; PH2); Gas (1; APA; PED; PH2; WOI);
Gastrosis (1; APA; FEL; PH2); Gingirrhagia (1; PHR); Gingivosis (1; APA; CAN; PH2; PNC);
Glossosis (1; CAN; PNC); Halitosis (f; PH2); Headache (f; MAD); Hepatosis (f; CRC); High Blood
Pressure (1; APA; CAN; PH2); Hoarseness (1; BGB); Hot Flash (f; BGB); Hyperhydrosis (1; BGB;
CAN; CRC); Hyperlactation (f; AHP); Hysteria (f; CRC); Immunodepression (f; PED); Infection
(1; HH2; KOM; PH2); Infertility (f; BGB); Inflammation (1; COX; FNF; PH2; PNC); Insomnia
(1; CAN; DEM); Laryngosis (f; PHR; PH2); Lethargy (f; CRC); Leukorrhea (f; MAD); Malaria
(f; JFM); Measles (f; CRC); Mucososis (2; PH2; PIP); Mycosis (1; HH2; KOM; PH2); Nephrosis
(f; CRC; MAD); Nervousness (1; CAN; DEM); Neurosis (f; CRC; PH2); Night Sweats (f; BGB;
MAD); Odontosis (f; MAD); Ophthalmia (f; JFM); Pain (f; CRC); Perspiration (2; KOM; PH2;
PIP); Pharyngosis (2; APA; CAN; KOM; PH2); Phthisis (f; CRC; MAD); Pulmonosis (1; CRC;
MAD); Rheumatism (f; APA; CRC; FEL); Rhinosis (2; KOM; PH2); Salmonella (1; CAN; HH2);
Shigella (1; CAN; HH2); Sore (1; BGB; MAD); Sore Throat (2; APA; PH2; PIP; PNC);
Sperma-torrhea (f; FEL); Splenosis (f; MAD); Sprain (f; APA); Stomatosis (2; APA; CAN; MAD; PHR;
PH2); Tonsilosis (1; CRC; PNC); Toothache (f; CRC); Tuberculosis (f; APA); Tumor (f; CRC);
Uterosis (f; MAD); Uvulosis (f; BGB; CAN; FEL); Virus (1; KOM; PH2; PIP); Water Retention
(f; MAD); Worm (f; DEM; FEL; JFM); Wound (f; PHR; PH2)
Dosages (Sage) — 4–6 g/day (AHP); 4–6 g herb (KOM; PH2); 2 tsp (3 g) cut herb/cup water
(APA); 1–4 ml liquid herb extract (PNC); 1–4 g leaf, or in tea, 3 ×/day (CAN); 2–3 tsp (3.4–5.1
g) leaf in hot tea (MAD); boil 100 g leaf/liter wine 2 minutes (f; PH2); 2–4 tbsp fresh leaf (PED);
3–6 g dry leaf (PED); 4.5 g dry leaf/2 ml alcohol/23 ml water (PED); 1–4 ml liquid leaf extract
(1:1 in 45% ethanol) 3 ×/day (CAN); 0.1–0.3 g EO (KOM; PH2)
Contraindications, Interactions, and Side Effects (Sage) — Class 2b, 2d Not for long-term use.
Do not exceed recommended dose Alcoholic extracts contraindicated in pregnancy (AHP)
“Haz-ards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages” (PH2) Commission E reports
for oral use of leaf, contraindications: pregnancy (EO/alcoholic extracts); adverse effects: prolonged
use of EO/alcoholic extracts may produce epileptiform cramps Other sources report leaf, as herbal
tea, should not be used for prolonged period (AEH) “Contraindicated in pregnancy May interfere
with anticonvulsant and hypoglycemic therapies; may potentiate or synergize other sedatives
Human poisoning has followed ingestion of the convulsant EO for acne In rats, sage oil is
subclinically, clinically, and lethally convulsant at 300, 500, and 3200 mg/kg, respectively (CAN)
CAN cautions that thujone and camphor in the volatile oil can be convulsant and toxic (CAN)
LD50 (EO) = 2600 orl rat, LD50 (EO) = 5000 ind rbt (CAN) Taking more than 15 g or prolonged
overuse can lead to thujone-induced convulsions, dizziness, hot flashes, and tachycardia (BIS) No
more than 1 cup tea/day during pregnancy, max, for no more than 1 week (WAM)
Extracts (Sage) — Fair source of COX-2 inhibiting oleanolic acid at ~0 1% (COX) The whole
sage extract has more activity than the flavonoid extract at inhibiting acetylcholine, histamine, and
serotonin-induced muscle contractions EO active against Bacillus (Gram-positive), Escherichia,
Klebsiella (Gram-negative), Salmonella, and Shigella; and among fungi, Candida, Cryptococcus,
and Torulopsis (CAN).
SAGO CYCAS (Cycas revoluta Thunb.) X
Activities (Sago Cycas) — Antirheumatic (f; CRC); Astringent (f; CRC); Diuretic (f; CRC);
Emmenagogue (f; CRC); Expectorant (f; CRC); Tonic (f; CRC); Tumorigenic (f; CRC)
Indications (Sago Cycas) — Cancer (f; CRC); Cancer, Lung (f; CRC); Hepatoma (f; CRC);
Rheumatism (f; CRC); Water Retention (f; CRC)
Trang 2Contraindications, Interactions, and Side Effects (Sago Cycas) — “Cycasin is carcinogenic if
orally administered to rats and pigs With cattle neurotoxic effects are obvious Other toxic symp-toms include anemia, depression, diarrhea, jaundice, gastroenterosis, hemorrhage, nausea, coma, partial paralysis, and possibly death Apparently it is mutagenic to onion root tip cells Frequent use of the starch is suspected to cause cancer and hepatosis” (CRC)
SALAD BURNET, GREAT BURNET (Sanguisorba officinalis L.) ++
Synonyms: Poterium officinale (L.) A Gray, S carnea Fisch ex Link, S polygama F Nyl.
Activities (Salad Burnet) — Analgesic (f; EFS); Antibacterial (1; FAD); Antiedemic (1; FAD);
Antiemetic (f; FAD); Antipyretic (f; FAD); Antiseptic (1; FAD; HH2); Antistress (1; HH2); Aperitif (f; PH2); Astringent (1; FAD; MAD; PH2); Climacteric (f; MAD); Decongestant (f; PH2); Dia-phoretic (f; EFS); Diuretic (f; PH2); Hemostat (1; FAD; PH2); Hypoglycemic (1; HH2); Protease Inhibitor (1; HH2); Stomachic (f; EFS); Tineacide (2; PNC); Tonic (f; EFS); Vermifuge (f; MAD); Vulnerary (f; EFS)
Indications (Salad Burnet) — Ameba (1; MAD); Anorexia (f; PH2); Bacteria (1; FAD); Bite (f;
PH2); Blackhead (f; MAD); Bleeding (1; CAN; FAD; PH2); Boil (f; PHR); Burn (1; FAD; PNC); Cancer (f; JLH; MAD); Cancer, abdomen (f; JLH); Cancer, anus (f; JLH); Cancer, colon (f; JLH); Cancer, gum (f; JLH); Cancer, uterus (f; JLH); Catarrh (f; HHB); Congestion (f; PH2); Cough (f; PH2); Cystosis (f; PH2); Dermatosis (2; MAD; PNC); Diarrhea (f; CAN; PH2); Dysentery (2; FAD; MAD; PH2; PNC); Dysmenorrhea (f; HHB); Eczema (2; PNC); Enterosis (f; PHR; PH2); Enterorrhagia (1; PNC); Epistaxis (f; PH2); Exanthema (f; MAD); Fever (f; EFS; FAD); Fistula (f; MAD); Gingivosis (1; JLH; PNC); Hematoptysis (f; PH2); Hemorrhoid (1; FAD; HHB; PH2); Hot Flash (f; PHR); Hyperglycemia (1; HH2); Hysteria (f; MAD; PH2); Impostume (f; PH2); Infection (1; HH2); Menopause (f; PH2); Metrorrhagia (1; FAD; MAD; PH2); Pain (f; EFS); Phlebitis (f; MAD; PHR; PH2); Proctosis (f; JLH); Pulmonosis (f; HHB; MAD); Sore (f; HH2; WO2); Swelling (1; FAD); Tuberculosis (f; MAD; PH2); Ulcerative Colitis (1; CAN); Uterrhagia (1; PNC); Uterosis (f; JLH; MAD; PH2); Varicosis (f; MAD; PHR; PH2); Vomiting (f; FAD); Water Retention (f; PH2); Worm (f; MAD); Wound (f; HH2; PHR; PH2)
Trang 3Dosages (Salad Burnet) — 2–6 g dry tops as tea, 3 ×/day (CAN); 2–6 ml liquid top extract (1:1
in 25% ethanol) 3 ×/day (CAN); 2–8 ml top tincture (1:5 in 45% ethanol) 3 ×/day (CAN); 2–3 tsp
(2.8–4.2 g) herb in cold tea (MAD); 30–50 drops tincture (MAD)
Contraindications, Interactions, and Side Effects (Salad Burnet) — Not covered (AHP)
“Haz-ards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages” (PH2) Here’s the broken record
(template) played by CAN: In view of the lack of phytochemical, pharmacological, and toxicity
data, use during pregnancy and lactation should be avoided Excessive use should be avoided
(CAN) We could say that about any herb that has not been studied extensively Few pharmaceuticals
have been proven for pregnant and lactating women, and for pediatric dosages Should we ask
more of the long-used herbs?
SALEP (Orchis spp.) ++ (but X)
Including O mascula L., O morio, O ustula Probably any orchid with paired bulbs suggests
testicles = orchis
Activities (Salep) — Analgesic (f; PH2); Aphrodisiac (f; EFS); Astringent (f; EFS); Cholagogue
(f; PH2); Demulcent (1; PH2); Hypocholesterolemic (1; PH2); Hypoglycemic (f; PH2); Nervine
(f; EFS); Tonic (f; EFS)
Indications (Salep) — Debility (f; PH2); Diabetes (f; PH2); Diarrhea (f; FEL; PH2); Dyspepsia
(f; PH2); Gas (f; PH2); Hemiplegia (f; PH2); High Cholesterol (1; PH2); Hyperglycemia (f; PH2);
Mucososis (1; PH2); Neurasthenia (f; PH2); Pain (f; PH2); Tuberculosis (f; PH2)
Dosages (Salep) — 1 g/cup tea (HHB);1 tsp powdered root/glass warm water, before meals (PH2).
Contraindications, Interactions, and Side Effects (Salep) — Not covered (AHP) “Hazards
and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages” (PH2)
SALPANI (Desmodium gangeticum (L.) DC.) ++
Synonyms: Hedysarum gangeticum L., Meibomia gangetica (L.) Kuntze.
Activities (Salpani) — Alexeteric (f; KAB); Alterative (f; KAB; MBB; WOI); Antibacterial (1;
MPI); Anticholinesterase (1; MPI); Antiinflammatory (1; MPI); Antipyretic (f; DEP; KAB);
Aph-rodisiac (f; KAB; MBB; MPI); Astringent (f; KAB; SUW); Bitter (f; KAB; WOI); Cardiodepressant
(1; MPI); Curare (1; MPI); Diuretic (1; MPI; SUW; WOI); Enterorelaxant (1; MPI); Estrogenic
(1; FNF); Expectorant (f; WOI); Fungicide (1; MPI); Immunostimulant (f; MBB); Lipogenic (f;
KAB); Myorelaxant (1; MPI); Sedative (f; MBB); Tonic (f; KAB; MBB; WOI); Tranquilizer (f;
MBB); Uterorelaxant (1; MPI); Vermifuge (f; KAB)
Indications (Salpani) — Asthma (f; KAB; SKJ; SUW); Atherosis (f; MBB); Bacteria (1; MPI);
Biliousness (f; KAB; SUW); Bite (f; KAB; SUW); Bronchosis (f; KAB); Cancer (f; JLH); Cancer,
abdomen (f; JLH); Cancer, colon (f; JLH); Cancer, nose (f; JLH); Catarrh (f; DEP; MPI); Childbirth
(f; KAB); Cough (f; SKJ; SUW); CVI (f; MBB); Diarrhea (f; KAB; SUW); Dysentery (f; KAB;
SKJ); Dysuria (f; KAB); Enterosis (f; JLH); Fever (f; DEP; KAB); Fungus (1; MPI); Hemicrania
(f; KAB); Hemorrhoid (f; KAB); Immunodepression (f; MBB); Infection (1; MPI); Inflammation
(1; KAB; MPI); Insomnia (f; MBB); Mycosis (1; MPI); Nausea (f; KAB); Nervousness (f; MBB);
Neurosis (f; KAB; MBB); Polyp (f; JLH); Pulmonosis (f; KAB); Rhinosis (f; JLH); Snakebite (f;
KAB; SUW); Sting (f; KAB); Stress (f; MBB); Thirst (f; KAB; SUW); Tuberculosis (f; MBB);
Typhoid (f; KAB; MBB; MPI); Vomiting (f; KAB); Water Retention (1; MPI; SUW; WOI); Worm
(f; KAB)
Trang 4Contraindications, Interactions, and Side Effects (Salpani) — Not covered (AHP; KOM;
PH2) Nontoxic in acute toxicity studies (MPI) Alkaloids curaroid (MPI) Quarternary beta-carboline alkaloids anticholinesterase, 1/6th as potent as physostigmine, more potent than tertiary beta-carbolines (MPI) Perhaps their synergies may make up for low quantitation of genistein itself
SAMPHIRE (Crithmum maritimum L.) ++
Activities (Samphire) — Aperitif (f; EFS); Depurative (f; EFS); Digestive (f; EFS); Diuretic (f;
EFS); Stimulant (f; EFS)
Indications (Samphire) — Anorexia (f; EFS); Scurvy (1; PH2); Water Retention (f; EFS) Dosages (Samphire) — Food farmacy (FAC; TAN).
Contraindications, Interactions, and Side Effects (Samphire) — Not covered (AHP) “Hazards
and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages” (dosage not given) (PH2)
SANDALWOOD (Santalum album L.) +
Activities (Sandalwood) — Abortifacient (f; SKJ); Alexeteric (f; MBB); Allergenic (1; CRC);
Analgesic (1; CRC; JBU); Anaphrodisiac (f; DEP; HH2; PHR; PH2); Antibacterial (1; CRC; KOM; SKY); Antiherpetic (1; JBU); Antiinflammatory (1; PHR); Antipyretic (f; CRC); Antiseptic (1; CRC; KAP; PNC); Antispasmodic (2; KOM); Antiviral (1; JBU); Aphrodisiac (f; KAB; KAP); Astringent (f; CRC; KAP); Depurative (f; MAD); Diaphoretic (f; CRC; DEP; KAP; SUW); Diuretic (f; CRC; MAD; PNC); Expectorant (f; CRC); Hepatoprotective (f; MAD); Laxative (f; KAB); Nephrotoxic (1; PH2); Sedative (f; SKY); Stimulant (f; CRC); Stomachic (f; CRC); Urinary Antiseptic (1; CRC; PHR; PH2)
Indications (Sandalwood) — Acne (f; CRC); Asthma (f; CRC; MAD); Bacteria (1; CRC; KOM;
SKY); Biliousness (f; DEP; KAB); Bleeding (f; KAB); Bone Ache (f; CRC); Bronchosis (2; CRC; MAD; PHR); Burn (f; SKJ); Callus (f; JLH); Cancer (f; JLH); Cancer, abdomen (f; JLH); Cancer, colon (f; JLH); Cancer, mouth (f; JLH); Cardiopathy (f; DAA; MAD); Cholecystosis (2; PHR); Cholera (f; CRC); Cold (2; PHR); Constipation (f; KAB); Cough (2; PHR); Cramp (2; KOM); Cystosis (1; CRC; KAP; MAD); Dermatosis (1; ABS; CRC; DEP; SUW); Diarrhea (f; CRC); Dysentery (f; CRC; KAP); Dyspepsia (f; CRC; MAD); Dysuria (f; MAD); Elephantiasis (f; CRC); Enterosis (f; CRC; MAD); Epigastrosis (f; PH2); Erysipelas (f; DEP; KAP); Fever (2; CRC; DEP; KAP; PHR; PH2; SUW); Gastrosis (f; CRC; DAA; KAP; MAD); Gleet (f; CRC; KAP); Gonorrhea (f; CRC; DEP; MAD; PHR; PH2); Headache (f; CRC; DEP; SKJ; SUW); Heatstroke (f; PHR; PH2); Hematuria (f; MAD); Hemoptysis (f; DEP; KAB); Hepatosis (2; MAD; PHR); Herpes (1; JBU); Hiccup (f; CRC; DAA); Infection (1; CRC; PNC); Inflammation (f; JLH; MAD; PHR; PH2; SKJ; SUW); Insomnia (f; SKY); Itch (f; DEP; KAB; KAP; SUW); Malaria (f; SKJ); Menopause (f; MBB); Migraine (f; MAD); Mucososis (f; MAD); Myocardosis (f; DAA); Nausea (f; CRC); Nephrosis (f; MAD); Nervousness (f; SKY); Pain (1; CRC; JBU); Pharyngosis (2; PHR); Prickly Heat (f; DEP; KAP; SUW); Prostatosis (f; MAD); Prurigo (f; DEP); Pyelosis (f; MAD); Splenosis (f; CRC; SKJ); Staphylococcus (1; ABS; MAD); Stomach-ache (f; CRC; DAA); Stomatosis (2; JLH; PHR); Streptococcus (f; MAD); Swelling (f; MAD); Syphilis (f; MAD); Thirst (f; DEP; KAB; KAP); Tuberculosis (f; SKJ); Tumor (f; CRC); Urethrosis (f; CRC; KAP; MAD); Urogenitosis (f; CRC); Uterosis (f; MAD); UTI (2; KOM);
VD (f; PH2); Vertigo (f; MBB); Virus (2; JBU; KOM; SKY); Vomiting (f; DEP); Water Retention (f; CRC; MAD; PNC); Wound (f; KAB)
Trang 5Dosages (Sandalwood) — 3–6 g powdered wood (KAP); 10–20 g wood (KOM; PH2); 2–4 ml
liquid extract (PNC); 1–1.5 g EO (KOM; PH2); 5–25 minims wood oil (KAP); 6–12 drops
(300–600 mg) wood oil several ×/day (MAD); 0.3–1 ml wood oil (PNC); dilute oil applied
topically (SKY)
Contraindications, Interactions, and Side Effects (Sandalwood) — Class 2d (AHP).“Health
hazards not known with proper therapeutic dosages” (PH2) Can be allergenic topically (SKY)
Commission E reports herb contains irritating triterpene saponins (AEH) EO should be used in an
enteric coated form (KOM) Contraindicated in diseases of the parenchyma of the kidney (as
probably would be all EOs) Side effects include dermatosis, GI distress, hematuria, nausea, and
skin itch (KOM; PHR) No drug interactions known (KOM) Do not use more than 6 weeks without
consulting a physician (KOM)
SANDARAC (Tetraclinis articulata (Vahl) Mast.) +
Synonyms: Callitris articulata (Vahl) Murb., C quadrivalvis Vent., Thuja articulata Vahl.
Activities (Sandarac) — Abortifacient (f; BIB); Antibacterial (f; PH2).
Indications (Sandarac) — Bacteria (f; PH2); Cancer (f; JLH); Carcinoma (f; JLH); Dermatosis
(f; BIB); Diarrhea (f; HH3; PH2); Edema (f; PH2); Fever (f; HH3; PH2); Gout (f; PH2); Migraine
(f; BIB); Neck (f; BIB); Pain (f; BIB); Rheumatism (f; PH2); Sunburn (f; BIB); Swelling (f; PH2)
Contraindications, Interactions, and Side Effects (Sandarac) — Not covered (AHP) “Health
hazards not known with proper therapeutic dosages” (PH2) (but PH2 designates no specific
quan-tified dosage! JAD)
SANDBOX TREE (Hura crepitans L.) X
Activities (Sandbox Tree) — Analgesic (f; CRC); Antidote (f; CRC); Aperient (f; CRC);
Candidi-cide (f; CRC); Carcinogen (f; CRC); Curare (f; CRC); Dentifuge (f; CRC); Emetic (f; CRC);
Immunostimulant (1; CRC); Insecticide (f; CRC); Insectifuge (1; IED); Laxative (f; CRC);
Mito-genic (1; CRC); Piscicide (1; CRC); Poison (1; CRC); Vermifuge (f; JFM)
Indications (Sandbox Tree) — Boil (f; CRC); Candida (f; CRC); Constipation (f; CRC);
Derma-tosis (f; CRC); Elephantiasis (f; CRC); Immunodepression (1; CRC); Leprosy (f; CRC); Myalgia
(f; CRC); Neuralgia (f; CRC); Pain (f; CRC); Rheumatism (f; CRC); Sore (f; CRC); Worm (f;
JFM); Yeast (f; CRC)
Dosages (Sandbox Tree) — 2–3 seed/purge (JFM).
Contraindications, Interactions, and Side Effects (Sandbox Tree) — Not covered (AHP;
KOM; PHR)
SAND SPURREY (Spergularia rubra (L.) J Presl & C Presl) ++
Synonym: Arenaria rubra L.
PH2 strangely adopts the old scientific name, Arenaria rubra, as the common name.
Activities (Sand Spurrey) — Diuretic (1; PH2); Litholytic (f; FEL).
Indications (Sand Spurrey) — Bladder Stone (f; HHB); Calculus (f; PH2); Colic (f; WOI);
Cystosis (f; PH2; WOI); Dysuria (f; PH2); Gravel (f; FEL); Stone (f; FEL; HHB); Urethrosis (f;
WOI); Water Retention (1; PH2)