Contraindications, Interactions, and Side Effects Winter Cherry — Not covered AHP.. Dosages Wintergreen — Never take wintergreen oil internally APA; 1 tsp leaf/cup water, steeped 5–20 mi
Trang 1DAA); Gout (f; DAA; HHB; MAD; PH2); Hematuria (f; MAD); Hepatosis (f; MAD); Inflammation (f; DAA); Jaundice (f; DAA; HHB; MAD); Nephrosis (f; MAD; PH2); Ophthalmia (f; MAD); Pain (f; DAA); Pemphigus (f; DAA); Pertussis (f; DAA); Pharyngosis (f; DAA); Proctosis (f; JLH); Rheumatism (f; DAA; HHB; PH2); Sore (f; DAA; JLH); Sore Throat (f; DAA); Stone (f; MAD); Tonsilosis (f; DAA); Tracheosis (f; DAA); Water Retention (f; DAA; PH2); Worm (f; SKJ; WOI); Wound (f; MAD)
Dosages (Winter Cherry) — 15–60 g edible fruit in decoction (HHB); 30 g fruit juice (HHB;
MAD); 10–20 berries/day (MAD); 15–30 g shoot in decoction (MAD)
Contraindications, Interactions, and Side Effects (Winter Cherry) — Not covered (AHP).
Green fruits can cause poisoning (PH2)
WINTERGREEN (Gaultheria procumbens L.) ++
Activities (Wintergreen) — Allergenic (1; PH2); Analgesic (1; CRC; FAD); Antiaggregant (1;
FNF); Antiinflammatory (1; FAD); Antirheumatic (1; CRC; PNC); Antiseptic (1; CRC; FAD; PH2); Antitumor (1; FAD); Astringent (1; APA; CEB); Cardioprotective (f; MIC); Carminative (1; APA; CRC; FAD; MAD); Collyrium (f; CRC); Counterirritant (1; APA; CRC); Depurative (f; CEB; DEM); Diuretic (1; APA; CRC; PNC); Emetic (f; CRC); Emmenagogue (f; CEB; CRC); Lactagogue (f; CEB; CRC); Lectinic (1; LEL); Mitogenic (1; CRC; LEL); Nervine (f; CRC); Rubefacient (1; CRC; PHR; PH2); Stimulant (1; APA; CEB; CRC); Tonic (f; DEM); Urinary Antiseptic (1; FNF)
Indications (Wintergreen) — Amenorrhea (f; CEB); Arthrosis (1; DEM; PHR; PH2); Asthma
(f; CEB; PHR; PH2); Cancer (1; CEB; FAD; LEL); Cardiopathy (f; MIC); Caries (f; CEB; CRC); Catarrh (f; CRC); Cold (1; DEM; FAD); Colic (1; APA; MAD); Congestion (f; MAD); Conjunc-tivosis (f; CRC); Cystosis (1; FNF); Debility (f; CEB); Dermatosis (f; CRC); Diabetes (f; CRC); Diaphragmosis (1; MAD; PHR); Diarrhea (f; CEB; CRC); Dropsy (f; CRC); Dysentery (f; DEM); Dysmenorrhea (1; CRC; MAD; PHR); Dyspepsia (1; APA; DEM); Dyspnea (f; CEB; CRC); Edema (1; APA); Epididymosis (1; CRC; MAD; PHR); Fever (1; APA; CRC; FAD; MAD); Flu (f; DEM); Gas (1; APA; CRC; FAD; MAD); Gastrosis (f; CRC; MAD); Gingivosis (f; DEM); Gonorrhea (f; CRC); Gout (1; CRC; MAD); Headache (1; APA; DEM; FAD); Heart (f; MIC); Infection (1; FNF; MAD); Inflammation (1; APA; FAD); Ischiosis (f; MAD); Leukorrhea (f; CRC); Lumbago (1; CRC; DEM; FAD); Myosis (1; APA; FAD); Nephrosis (f; DEM; FAD); Neuralgia (1; FAD; PH2); Ophthalmia (f; CEB); Orchosis (1; CRC; MAD; PHR); Ovariosis (1;
Trang 2PHR); Pain (1; APA; CRC; FAD; MAD); Pertussis (f; MAD); Pleurisy (1; PHR); Pleurosis (f;
MAD); Pleurodynia (1; CRC; PHR); Rheumatism (1; APA; CRC; FAD; PNC); Sciatica (1; CRC;
FAD; PH2); Scrofula (f; CRC); Sniffle (f; MAD); Sore Throat (1; APA; CRC); Sprain (1; FAD);
Stomachache (1; DEM; FAD); Stomatosis (f; CRC); Stroke (f; MIC); Tapeworm (f; DEM);
Toothache (1; CRC); Tumor (1; FAD); Typhus (f; MAD); VD (f; CRC; DEM); Uterosis (f; MAD);
Water Retention (1; APA; CEB; CRC; PNC); Worm (f; DEM)
Dosages (Wintergreen) — Never take wintergreen oil internally (APA); 1 tsp leaf/cup water,
steeped 5–20 minutes, up to 1 cup/day, one mouthful at a time (APA); 10–20 drops wintergreen
oil in capsules or milk (MAD)
Contraindications, Interactions, and Side Effects (Wintergreen) — Class 1 Salicylates and
tannins (AHP) AHP gives wintergreen its top score for efficacy (APA) “Not allowed as a
non-medicinal ingredient in oral products in Canada” (Michols, 1995) As little as 4 ml wintergreen
oil can be lethal to an infant In the U.S., liquid preparations containing more than 5 ml methyl
salicylate must be in child-resistant packaging Mothers are advised that salicylates do enter
breast milk Some people, especially asthmatics, may be supersensitive to salicylates Caution
is always indicated when ingesting any new substance, natural or synthetic (AEH) Wintergreen
oil, classified as “very toxic,” contains methyl salicylate as the chief constituent Poisoning from
wintergreen oil can cause acid-base imbalance, altered glucose metabolism, and central nervous
system toxicity Between 5 ml and 30 ml of wintergreen oil is considered the lethal dose for a
70 kg human CNS symptoms of mild chronic salicylate toxicity include headache, dizziness,
tinnitus, difficulty in hearing, dimness of vision, mental confusion, lassitude, and drowsiness
More severe symptoms include seizures and coma Fever is usually prominent Severe acute
salicylism includes disorientation, irritability, hallucinations, lethargy, stupor, coma, and seizures
GI irritation may produce nausea and vomiting, hyperventilation, increased GI losses leading to
mild dehydration, which is enhanced by decreased intake of fluid Hypokalemia may result from
increased GI and renal losses and systemic alkalosis (AEH1) The prodrug, salicin, which does
not irritate the stomach, is metabolized to saligenin in the GI tract and salicylic acid after
absorption “Products containing willow should preferably be standardized on their salicin
content ” (CAN) Methyl salicylate, the chemical behind the aroma, with antiinflammatory and
pain-killing activities, has recently been shown to enable plants to communicate with each other
WINTER’S-BARK (Drimys winteri J.R & G Forst.) + Synonyms: D chilensis DC., D winteri var chilensis (DC.) A Gray.
Activities (Winter’s-Bark) — Analgesic (1; FNF); Antibacterial (1; MPG); Antiseptic (1; MPG);
Antiinflammatory (1; MPG); Antileukemic (1; MPG); Antiscorbutic (f; EFS); Astringent (f; EFS);
Bitter (1; PH2); Carminative (1; EFS; PH2); Diaphoretic (f; MPG); Stimulant (f; EFS); Stomachic
(1; EFS; HHB; PH2); Tonic (1; MPG; PH2)
Indications (Winter’s-Bark) — Adenopathy (1; MPG); Anemia (f; MPG); Bacteria (1; MPG);
Cancer (1; JFM; JLH; MPG); Candida (1; MPG); Circulosis (f; MPG); Colic (f; PH2); Constipation
(f; JFM); Debility (f; MPG); Dermatosis (f; PH2); Diarrhea (f; MPG); Dysentery (f; MPG);
Dyspepsia (f; PH2); Enterosis (f; MPG); Fever (f; MPG); Gas (1; EFS; PH2); Gastrosis (f; JFM;
MPG); Infection (1; MPG); Inflammation (1; MPG); Leukemia (1; FNF; JFM; MPG); Pain (1;
FNF); Respirosis (f; MPG); Rheumatism (f; MPG); Scurvy (1; JFM); Staphylococcus (1; MPG);
Toothache (1; FNF; PH2); Yeast (1; MPG)
Dosages (Winter’s-Bark) — Steep 1 leaf in a cup boiling water 5 minutes, sweeten to taste (MPG).
Contraindications, Interactions, and Side Effects (Winter’s-Bark) — Not covered (AHP;
KOM) None reported (PH2)
Trang 3WITCH HAZEL (Hamamelis virginiana L.) ++
Activities (Witch Hazel) — Alterative (f; CRC); Analgesic (1; DEM; MAB); Antiaging (1; MAB);
Antiaggregant (1; MAB); Antiedemic (1; MAB); Antierythemic (1; MAB; SHT); Antihemorrhagic (3; CAN; KOM); Antiherpetic (1; MAB); Antiinflammatory (2; CAN; KOM; PH2); Antileukotriene (1; MAB); Antimutagenic (1; MAB); Antioxidant (1; MAB); Antiphlebitic (1; BGB); Antipyretic (1; APA; CRC); Antiseptic (f; CRC); Anti-UV (1; MAB); Antiviral (1; MAB); Antiwrinkle (1; MAB); Aperitif (f; DEM); Aphrodisiac (f; MIC); Astringent (1; APA; CRC; FAD; PH2; SHT); Carcinogen (1; CRC); Collyrium (f; CRC); Depurative (f; DEM); Hemostat (2; FAD; KOM; PH2; SHT); Panacea (f; DEM); Sedative (f; CRC); Sunscreen (1; MAB); Tonic (1; CRC; MAB); Vasoconstrictor (1; APA; MAB; SHT)
Indications (Witch Hazel) — Abortion, impending (f; MAD); Abrasion (1; MAB); Anorexia
(f; DEM); Arthrosis (1; DEM; MAB); Asthma (1; DEM; FAD; MAB); Backache (f; CRC); Bite (f; CRC; DEM); Bleeding (3; BGB; CAN; CRC; FAD; KOM; PH2; SHT); Boil (f; MAD); Bruise (1; BGB; FAD; MAD); Bug Bite (1; APA); Burn (2; CRC; PHR; PH2; WAF); Cancer (1; CRC; MAB); Cancer, eye (f; JLH); Chest Cold (f; DEM); Childbirth (f; DEM); Cholera (1; DEM; FAD); Cold (1; CRC; DEM; FAD); Colitis (f; CAN; PH2); Congestion (f; CRC); Conjunctivosis (f; CRC); Cough (f; DEM; FAD); Crohn’s Disease (1; MAB); CVI (2; PHR; PH2); Cystosis (f; MAD); Dermatosis (2; KOM; PIP; PHR; PH2); Diarrhea (1; APA; CRC; HHB; PH2; SHT); Dysentery (f; CRC; HHB); Dysmenorrhea (1; APA; CRC; PH2); Eczema (1; BGB; MAB; SKY); Edema (1; MAB); Enterosis (1; APA; PH2); Enterorrhagia (1; APA); Epistaxis (1; MAD); Erythema (1; BGB; SHT); Fever (1; APA; CRC); Gingivosis (1; APA; BGB; FNF); Gleet (f; CRC); Goiter (f; MAD); Gonorrhea (f; MAD); Headache (f; MAD; MIC); Hematemesis (1; CAN; PH2); Hemoptysis (1; CAN; PHR; PH2); Hemorrhoid (2; CRC; FAD; KOM; PH2; PIP); Herpes (1; MAB); Inflammation (2; BGB; CAN; KOM; MAB; PH2); Insomnia (f; CRC); Itch (1; FAD; MAD); Lameness (f; FAD); Leukorrhea (f; MAD); Lumbago (f; MAD); Menorrhagia (1; HHB); Metrorrhagia (1; FAD); Mucososis (2; APA; KOM; PH2; PIP); Myosis (f; APA; CRC; FAD); Nervousness (f; CRC); Neuralgia (f; MAD); Neurodermatosis (1; BGB; MAB); Oph-thalmia (f; APA; CRC; FAD; WAF); Orchosis (f; MAD); Pain (1; DEM; MAB); Pharyngosis (2; KOM; PHR; PH2); Phlebitis (f; BGB; CRC; HHB); Phthisis (f; CRC); Poison Ivy (f; WAF); Pulmonosis (f; DEM; FAD); Rash (f; MIC); Rheumatism (f; CRC); Sore (1; HHB; SKY); Sore Throat (1; APA; CRC; FAD); Sprain (f; BGB; CRC); Stomatosis (2; APA; BGB; KOM; PHR; PH2); Sunburn (f; BGB; WAF); Swelling (1; CAN; CRC; MAB; MAD); Tuberculosis (f; CRC;
Trang 4DEM); Tumor (f; BGB; CRC); Ulcer (f; CRC; HHB); Varicocele (f; MAD); Varicosis (2; KOM;
PNC; PHR; PH2; SHT); VD (f; DEM; MAD); Virus (1; MAB); Wound (2; KOM; PHR; PH2;
SKY); Wrinkle (1; MAB)
Dosages (Witch Hazel) — 2 g dry leaf, or in tea, 3 ×/day (CAN); 2 g leaf or bark 3 ×/day
(MAB); 7–14 ml/day fluid leaf extract (1:2) (MAB); 2–4 tsp (1–2 g) leaf decoction 1–3 ×/day
(APA); 1 tsp (2–3 g) bark decoction 1–3 ×/day (APA); 2–4 ml liquid bark extract (1:1 in 45%
ethanol) 3 ×/day (CAN); 10–15 drops liquid bark extract 3 ×/day (MAD); 2–4 ml bark tincture
(APA; PNC) Few sources seem to stress topical use only Even the Herbal PDR (PH2) says that
witch hazel bark is available as a comminuted drug or as an extract for internal and external
uses (PH2)
Contraindications, Interactions, and Side Effects (Witch Hazel) — Class 1 Tannins (AHP).
None known (KOM) “Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages”
(PH2) “It is not recommended that these extracts be taken internally because the toxicity of the
tannins has not been well defined Doses of 1 g of witch hazel will cause nausea, vomiting, or
constipation” (LRNP, Sep, 1990) In susceptible patients, irritation of the stomach may occur
occasionally In rare cases, witch hazel tannins may cause liver damage (BIS) In view of the
tannin content, excessive use, especially during lactation and pregnancy, should be avoided
“There are no known problems with the use of witch hazel during pregnancy ” (CAN) No
contraindications, drug-drug interactions, or side effects are known (SHT) “May cause minor
skin irritation in some people when applied topically” (SKY) Witch hazel water is not intended
for internal use Teas can be brewed from leaves and twigs, but their safety is not defined (LRNP,
September 1990) APA lists the carcinogen safrole, but in minimal quantities (APA) Tannins,
many of the same ones promoted for tea today, explain nearly half of the indications
WOLFBERRY (Lycium chinense Mill.) ++
Chinese Wolfberry (Note: according to Foster and Yue, the Chinese use L barbarum L and L.
chinensis interchangeably, so where they were not specific, I have entered indications, etc., in both
accounts) A union of both entries might be in order HH2 maintains them as distinct
Activities (Wolfberry) — ACE Inhibitor (1; PH2); Analgesic (1; FAY); Antiaging (1; JAF49:3106);
Antibacterial (1; FAY); Antipyretic (1; FAY; HH2); Bitter (f; LMP); Depurative (f; LMP); Hemostat
(f; FAY); Hepatoprotective (1; X10960900); Hepatotonic (f; FAY; PH2); Hypoglycemic (1; FAY);
Hypotensive (1; FAY; PH2); Immunosuppressive (1; PH2); Mydriatic (f; FAY); Nephrotonic (f;
LMP; PH2); Radioprotective (1; X10197745); Tonic (f; PH2)
Indications (Wolfberry) — Asthma (f; FAY); Atherosclerosis (1; JAF49:3106); Backache (f; FAY);
Bacteria (1; FAY); Bleeding (f; FAY; HH2); Cachexia (f; DAA); Cancer (f; JLH); Cardiopathy (1;
PH2); Circulosis (f; LMP); Cough (f; HH2; LMP; PH2); Diabetes (f; FAY; PH2); Dizziness (f;
FAY); Eczema (f; HH2; PH2); Epistaxis (f; FAY; HH2; PH2); Fever (1; FAY; HH2; LMP; PH2);
Hepatosis (1; LMP; PH2; X10960900); High Blood Pressure (1; FAY; PH2; JAF49:3106);
Hyper-glycemia (1; FAY); Hyperhydrosis (f; PH2); Infection (1; FAY); Inflammation (f; PH2); Malaria
(1; FAY; PH2); Nephrosis (f; PH2); Neurosis (f; LMP); Night Sweats (f; LMP); Nyctalopia (1;
JAF49:3101); Odontosis (f; HH2; LMP); Ophthalmia (f; LMP); Osteosis (f; LMP); Pain (1; FAY;
HH2; PH2); Pertussis (f; PH2); Pneumonia (f; LMP); Pulmonosis (f; LMP); Pulposis (f; HH2;
PH2); Rheumatism (f; HH2; LMP; PH2); Spermatorrhea (f; DAA); Stroke (1; JAF49:3106); Thirst
(f; LMP; PH2); Tinnitus (f; FAY); Toothache (1; FAY; LMP; PH2); Tuberculosis (f; LMP); Vertigo
(f; FAY); Vomiting (f; PH2)
Dosages (Wolfberry) — 9–15 g fruit/day in tea (FAY); sip tea through the day for pertussis (PH2).
Trang 5Contraindications, Interactions, and Side Effects (Wolfberry) — Class 2b (AHP) “Health
hazards not known with proper therapeutic dosages” (PH2) Avoid in cold, diarrhea, and pregnancy (PH2)
WOOD ANEMONE (Anemone nemorosa L.) +
Activities (Wood Anemone) — Antiseptic (1; HHB); Neurotonic (f; EFS); Vesicant (1; PH2);
Toxic (f; EFS)
Indications (Wood Anemone) — Amenorrhea (f; HHB); Arthrosis (f; HHB); Asthma (f; PH2);
Bronchosis (f; HHB); Cancer (f; JLH); Cancer, foot (f; JLH); Corn (f; JLH); Cough (f; PH2); Dermatosis (f; JLH); Dysmenorrhea (f; PH2); Induration (f; JLH); Pain (f; PH2); Pertussis (f; PH2); Pleurosis (f; HHB); Stomachache (f; PH2)
Contraindications, Interactions, and Side Effects (Wood Anemone) — Not covered (AHP;
KOM) Internally may cause colic and diarrhea, irritating GI tract and urethra; externally a vesicant, irritating skin and mucus membrane (PH2) Ingestion of 30 freshly harvested plants is considered the lethal dose for humans (PH2)
WOOD BETONY (Stachys officinalis (L.) Trevis.) ++
Synonyms: Betonica officinalis L., Stachys betonica Benth.
Activities (Wood Betony) — Antidepressant (f; CRC; PED); Antidiarrheic (1; APA; PED);
Antiin-flammatory (1; APA); Antiseptic (1; PHR; PH2); Astringent (1; APA; CRC; PNC); Bitter (1; APA; PNC); Carminative (f; PHR; PH2); Cerebrotonic (f; CRC); Cholagogue (1; APA); Depurative (f; GMH); Digestive (1; APA); Expectorant (1; PHR); Hepatotonic (1; APA); Hypotensive (1; APA; CRC; PED); Nervine (f; GMH); Sedative (f; APA; PNC); Tonic (1; APA; GMH); Tranquilizer (f; PHR)
Indications (Wood Betony) — Ague (f; CRC); Anxiety (1; APA; PNC); Arthrosis (f; MAD);
Asthma (f; CRC; PHR); Bladder Stone (f; CRC; PHR); Bleeding (f; GMH); Bronchosis (f; PHR); Bruise (f; GMH); Cancer (f; CRC); Cancer, genital (f; CRC; JLH); Cancer, liver (f; CRC; JLH); Cancer, spleen (f; CRC; JLH); Catarrh (f; CRC; PHR); Cholecystosis (1; APA; PHR); Cold (f; CRC; GMH); Convulsion (f; CRC); Cough (f; CRC; GMH; PHR); Cramp (f; MAD); Cystosis (f; CRC; PH2); Debility (f; CRC; PH2); Depression (f; CRC; PED); Dermatosis (1; APA); Diarrhea (1; APA; PED; PH2); Dropsy (f; CRC); Dyspepsia (1; APA; CRC; GMH); Dyspnea (f; GMH); Edema (f; PHR); Enterosis (1; APA); Epilepsy (f; CRC; GMH); Epistaxis (f; CRC); Fracture (f; MAD); Gas (f; PHR; PH2); Gingivosis (1; APA); Gout (f; CRC; GMH; PHR); Headache (1; APA; CRC; GMH; PNC); Heartburn (f; PHR); Hemoptysis (f; GMH); Hepatosis (f; JLH); Hernia (f; GMH); High Blood Pressure (1; APA; CRC; PED); Hysteria (f; GMH); Inflammation (1; APA); Insomnia (f; APA; PNC); Jaundice (f; GMH); Kidney Stone (f; CRC; PHR); Mucososis (1; APA); Nephrosis (f; CRC); Nervousness (f; APA; PHR; PNC); Neuralgia (1; CRC; GMH; PHR; PNC); Neurosis (1; APA; CRC; GMH); Palpitation (f; CRC; GMH); Palsy (f; CRC; GMH); Paresis (f; MAD); Phthisis (f; MAD); PMS (1; APA); Pulmonosis (f; PHR); Rheumatism (f; GMH); Rhinosis (f; JLH); Sclerosis (f; JLH); Sore Throat (1; APA; PED); Scrofula (f; GMH); Splenosis (f; JLH); Stomatosis (1; APA; PED); Stress (f; APA); Swelling (f; PH2); Tension (f; APA); Throat (f; CRC); Toothache (f; MAD); Vertigo (f; MAD); Wen (f; CRC); Wound (f; PHR)
Dosages (Wood Betony) — 1 oz herb/pint boiling water (GMH); 1–2 g herb/day in 3 doses (PHR);
1–2 tsp fresh herb (PED); 0.5–1 g dry herb (PED); 0.75 g dry herb:4 ml alcohol/4 ml water (PED); 2–4 ml liquid herb extract (APA; PNC)