Good practice for SMART sprayers Introduction This guide for SMART small and mediumarea repair technique repair sprayers describes how you can adequately control risks to health, safet
Trang 1Good practice for SMART sprayers
Introduction
This guide for SMART (small and mediumarea repair technique) repair sprayers describes how you can adequately control risks to health, safety and the environment. It was prepared by a working group of industry and government representatives (including the Health and Safety Executive (HSE)) to represent
‘good control practice’ as defined under the Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations 2002 (COSHH), as amended. The working group members and their affiliation are listed at the back of this leaflet
The guide tells you what is, and is not, permitted in SMART repairs by sprayers who have no fixed place of work. It is also useful for franchisees, managers and operators in motor vehicle dealership or repair who manage, carry out or commission SMART repair. It is in addition to existing guidance for spraying in motor vehicle repair, using spray booths and spray rooms. See the motor vehicle repair section of the HSE website.1
You may conclude, through COSHH assessments, that different controls apply in your circumstances. You will need to record any such conclusions
Important:
❋ The sprayer should wear respiratory protective equipment
❋ Keep other people away from spray mist
Figure 1
Trang 2Characteristics of SMART spraying
SMART spraying is the spray application of a surface coating to parts of motor vehicles, usually outside a spray booth or spray room. The parts coated, as part of
a repair, should not extend to a complete panel or panels
Typically, spraying is by:
❋ a minispray gun or airbrush, which would normally have an inlet pressure up to
2 bar, delivering a volume of air much less than 150 l/min and a fluid flow well below 100 g/min; or
❋ a prepackaged aerosol spray can
This guidance does not cover application by the use of a brush or roller
Paints include surface coatings that are dried or cured by UV light, chemical
hardeners or other means
The quantity of paint sprayed is unlikely to exceed 25 ml per coat. The time spent spraying paint is unlikely to exceed 1 minute per coat, although the spray job may take a few minutes
Figure 2
Spray coatings – a summary of the hazards and risks
SMART spraying products
SMART spraying products are reactive – onepack products, or twopack products that require mixing before use. The products may be solventbased or water based.
The health risks depend on the chemistry, but for ‘reactive’ products:
❋ isocyanatebased products (including waterbased isocyanate products) may cause asthma and dermatitis;
Trang 3❋ UVcurable products may cause dermatitis – and may contain isocyanate;
❋ other products (eg acidcured) may cause effects at least as serious as
solventbased products, including irritation of eyes, nose and throat, and mild reversible effects on the body
Conventional spraying products
Conventional spraying products are solventbased, commonly known as ‘cellulose paints’. Their use in SMART spraying is reducing
The health risks from spraying typically include irritation of eyes, nose and throat, and mild reversible effects on the body
Safety and environmental hazards
Products used in spraying are usually flammable or highly flammable. They require safe storage. The small quantities of products used in SMART spraying mean that any fire risk is likely to be within 15 cm of the sprayer nozzle
The environmental hazards are volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that create groundlevel ozone in summer, and groundwater pollution if disposed of incorrectly The Volatile Organic Compounds in Paints, Varnishes and Vehicle Refinishing Products Regulations 2005 mean that you will not be able to get products
containing higher concentrations of VOCs (and existing stocks should have been used up by January 2008).
Grey market products
Grey market products are those acquired through nonconventional networks, eg personal import or military surplus. In these cases, information on the product may
be in a foreign language, sparse or absent. Avoid using such products
Control of risks
Personal protective equipment (PPE)
You should wear respiratory and skin protection when SMART spraying with reactive products
Respirator
❋ You need suitable respiratory protective equipment (RPE).
❋ If you use isocyanatebased products, you must wear airfed RPE.
❋ Suitable airfed RPE means having an assigned protection factor (APF) of 20 or higher, ie:
LDM2 airfed halfmask; or
LDH3 airfed visor.
❋ Filtering RPE is not suitable
Suppliers of RPE for spraying will provide equipment that meets the LDH3 or LDM2 specification.
Trang 4Figure 3 Airfed halfmask Figure 4 Airfed visor Figure 5 Filtering RPE for non
reactive products
The compressor must deliver enough clean air for the respirator to work properly Stop the breathing air supply getting contaminated by keeping the compressor and its air intake upwind or outside of the spray area and clear of other harmful
substances.
It is good practice to use the same types of PPE when spraying with nonreactive products. However, halfmask filtering RPE with an assigned protection factor (APF)
of 10 or higher can be used instead of airfed RPE, and disposable RPE is acceptable
RPE has to fit and work properly every time it is worn. Fit testing and training in use and maintenance may be provided by the RPE supplier or by training
organisations
RPE testing and maintenance:
❋ Check that there is a good flow of clean air to your respirator every time you put RPE on. Airfed visor RPE should have lowflow alarms
❋ At least once a week, check that the compressor and air lines are in good condition and that the filters and traps are clean. Record these checks in a log book, with details of any parts replaced (eg exhalation valves for halfmask respirators, face seals for visors).
❋ BS EN 529:20052 proposes that the volume flow and quality of the supplied air should be thoroughly tested at intervals as specified by a competent person after risk assessment. With good records, and confidence in the air quality, you may only need to check the airflow and air quality once or twice a year
Other PPE
❋ If you use a halfmask respirator, you may also need chemical protective goggles
❋ Use overalls of any material, with a hood
❋ Use singleuse gloves. Nitrile gloves are suitable. If you have to use latex gloves, select ‘low protein powderfree’ gloves. Singleuse gloves are disposable – throw them away after each spray application
Trang 5Figure 6 Chemical protective goggles
Figure 7 Protective gloves
Location of spraying
You need to prevent unprotected people being exposed to spray
Spraying indoors
❋ Keep everyone without airfed RPE out of the room during your work.
❋ Make sure there are no ignition sources
❋ Wear all PPE for gun priming, spraying and gun cleaning.
❋ Keep wearing your RPE until you have left the room
Even when using a spray booth, spray room or capture unit, sprayers still need to wear airfed RPE and PPE, and bystanders should be excluded when using isocyanatebased products. The duty is to control exposure to isocyanates to as low as is reasonably practicable. The need for health surveillance still applies Once spraying has finished, the sprayer should leave the spray booth, room or area wearing the RPE. For isocyanates, reentry before the clearance time (booth
or room) or before 30 minutes (workshop) have elapsed requires airfed RPE. This always applies
Mist capture and filtration equipment requires annual thorough maintenance, examination and test
Spray booth (oven) or spray room
Use a small smoke machine to fill with smoke. Measure the time it takes to clear Mark this clearance time on the doors. Guidance on selecting a smoke machine
can be found in Party fog machines suitable for measuring clearance time: review
3
and clearance time method.
Figure 8
Trang 6Workshop
Use an extract ventilation unit to capture and filter overspray and mist. You need
to place the unit very close to the sprayed surface. Some units are ineffective at capturing spray: check with a smoke machine. Containment equipment (that actively catches the majority of overspray) and spray enclosures (that contain, remove and filter overspray) are commercially available
Spraying outdoors
Ensure the compressor and its air intake are upwind of spraying and clear of other harmful substances
Keep anyone without airfed RPE a minimum of 5 but preferably 10 metres away from spraying. At this distance, there is minimal health risk
Wear all PPE for gun priming, spraying and gun cleaning. Keep wearing your RPE until the job – and gun cleaning – is finished
Figure 9
Waste disposal
Decontaminate wipes, wastes and empty paint containers before disposal
Decontamination recipes should appear in Part 6 of the product Safety Data Sheet For isocyanatebased products, you can use a solution of washing soda in water (50 g per litre) and leave it to stand for a few days to decontaminate
Dispose of waste solvent, decontaminated residues and containers, gloves etc as hazardous waste. You must not dispose of them in domestic waste
Other risks
❋ Cleaning the spray gun with thinner, then spraying dry, produces the same hazards as spraying paint. Use the same controls as for spraying
❋ Cleaning your hands with thinners can cause dermatitis. Use suitable skin cleaning products
Trang 7❋ UV lamps produce radiation that is harmful to the eyes and exposed skin Control the risk – keep everyone away from UV lamps, and arrange screens to stop reflected light
❋ Test electrical equipment (ie portable electrical appliance (PAT) testing) regularly (eg once a year)
❋ The compressor is a ‘pressure system’, so you need to have the compressor reservoir examined regularly. Your insurance company can advise you on how often (eg once a year)
❋ Carry a fire extinguisher containing carbon dioxide or dry powder. Replace it when it reaches its expiry date. Exclude ignition sources (eg no smoking, naked flames or grinding wheels) while spraying.
❋ Keep out of traffic routes and away from moving vehicles. For work in car parks
or on public roads, wear a highvisibility vest over your overalls.
❋ Secure safe access for working at height. A tower scaffold is preferable to a ladder. Never work from the top of your van.
Administrative controls
Health surveillance
There is a chance of dermatitis developing with all reactive products, and of
asthma developing with isocyanatebased paints. If you become sensitised, leading
to dermatitis or asthma, you may never be able to work with paint products again. You should provide health surveillance for your employees to check for signs of dermatitis and, for those using isocyanates, asthma. If you are selfemployed, you are advised to undergo health surveillance
Signs of ill health
Dermatitis:
❋ skin redness or soreness;
❋ itching;
❋ rash;
❋ skin cracking or peeling
Asthma:
❋ recurring sore or watering eyes;
❋ recurring blocked or running nose;
❋ bouts of coughing;
❋ chest tightness;
❋ wheezing;
❋ history of persistent chest problems
Seek advice from an occupational health professional (eg doctor or nurse). Look in
the Yellow Pages etc under ‘Health and safety consultants’ and ‘Health authorities
and services’. See also www.nhsplus.nhs.uk. Your trade association may be able
to help you find an occupational health professional
Storage
Keep the quantities of stored paint products to a minimum. If other SMART
products contain peroxides (eg activators for polyester resins used with fillers or fibreglass), these must be kept apart and stored in a sealed metal container
Trang 8Record keeping
If you are selfemployed or an employer with five employees or fewer, you don’t need to write a separate health and safety risk assessment, although it is useful so that you can review it at a later date, eg if something changes.
This document can act as your COSHH assessment, and you simply need to keep records to show that you are following it.
Testing
Keep written records of:
❋ RPE testing;
❋ testing the compressor reservoir air filters;
❋ health surveillance; and
❋ disposal of hazardous wastes.
These records should be available for inspection
Training and competence
SMART sprayers should be trained to:
❋ use equipment, RPE and products safely;
❋ maintain equipment and RPE;
❋ understand the hazards and risks, and how to control them;
❋ recognise the signs of ill health, and what to do about them; and
❋ decontaminate and dispose of waste properly
SMART sprayers should be able to provide evidence of training from their
franchiser, product supplier or professional training provider
There are some common misperceptions about isocyanates:
Isocyanates contain cyanide that
poisons you Isocyanate doesn’t contain cyanide Isocyanates cause cancer Isocyanates cause asthma
Isocyanates get into the body
through thin skin, eg around the
eyes
Isocyanates get into the body by breathing in mists
Isocyanates can cause asthma in I’m safe – there’s no history of anyone who is exposed. Smoking asthma in my family makes developing asthma more
likely
My paint doesn’t contain Auto paints are ‘dangerous for
isocyanate, so it is perfectly safe supply’. Read the safety data sheet!
Trang 9Legal provisions – test requirements
COSHH assessment
This document can act as your COSHH assessment as long as:
❋ it is suitable for your operations and you follow all the points;
❋ you maintain and test your RPE;
❋ where necessary, you carry out health surveillance; and
❋ you keep records of maintenance, examinations and all tests
Spray booth, room and overspray/mist control units
These require regular checks for signs of wear and to show that they are working properly. They also require thorough examination and test at least once every
14 months.
You need to measure and display the clearance time of spray booths and spray rooms
Respiratory protective equipment
This requires thorough examination and test at least once every three months. The quality of air supplied to breathing apparatus should be checked periodically. Keep the filters and water traps clean
Other health and safety law
You need to have pressure and electrical systems tested, and keep records of these tests
Environment law
The Environmental Protection Act 1990 applies with regard to statutory nuisance (section 80). However, mobile operators will rarely stay at a single location long enough to satisfy the criteria for statutory nuisance. If the operation is at defined premises, eg a supermarket car park or at a residential or commercial address, action could be taken against the owner or occupier of the land. There are also requirements under this legislation for the correct disposal of waste
The Pollution Prevention and Control Act 1999 does not apply, because SMART repairers are unlikely to exceed the thresholds of 1.0 tonnes (cars) and 0.5 tonnes (trailers) per annum of solvent that requires a permit. There is currently no provision
in the Pollution Prevention and Control Regulations 2000 to require mobile
installations of this type to have permits
References and further reading
1 HSE’s motor vehicle repair website: www.hse.gov.uk/mvr/index.htm
2 BS EN 529:2005 Respiratory protective devices. Recommendations for
selection, use, care and maintenance. Guidance document British Standards
Institution
3 Party fog machines suitable for measuring clearance time: review and
clearance time method www.hse.gov.uk/research/hsl_pdf/2006/hsl0643.pdf report
reference HSL/2006/43
Trang 10Five steps to risk assessment Leaflet INDG163(rev2) HSE Books 2006 (single copy
free or priced packs of 10 ISBN 978 0 7176 6189 3)
www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/indg163.pdf
Membership of working group and affiliation
Andrew Garrod Health and Safety Executive
Andrew Lake Health and Safety Executive
Andy Glass Spraybooth Technology Ltd
Andy Manns Health and Safety Executive
Bob Attlee GlassAid(GB) Ltd
Colm Mcilvenny Smart Wise
Doug Kirk Junair Group
Hugh Williams British Coatings Federation (BCF)
Ian Davison R H Patterson & Co Ltd
Ian Lewis The Motor Insurance Repair Research Centre (Thatcham) Ian Taylor Independent Consultant
John Highfield Ashford International
John Morecroft Vehicle Builders and Repairers Association (VBRA) Mark Hooker Solihull MBC
Mark Piney Health and Safety Executive
Mike Battrick Akzo Nobel
Mike Bolton Independent SMART repairer
Nick Bicknell ChipsAway
Peter Barlow Retail Motor Industry Federation (RMIF)
Philip Preece Birmingham City Council
Rob Ward AutoRestore
Steve Barrett Smart Express
Steve Faulkner Dent Wizard International
Wil Miller GlassAid (GB) Ltd
Matthew Coldwell Health and Safety Laboratory
Further information
This document contains notes on good practice which are not compulsory but which you may find helpful in considering what you need to do
This document is available webonly at: www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/web33.pdf.
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advertising, endorsement or commercial purposes. First published 10/07. Please acknowledge the source as HSE