AFRICA DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS 2011 pptx

2 0 1 12 0 1 1 Designed as both a quick reference and a reliable dataset for monitoring development programs and aid flows in the region, Africa Development Indicators 2011 is an inval

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Designed as both a quick reference and a reliable dataset

for monitoring development programs and aid flows in the

region, Africa Development Indicators 2011 is an invaluable

tool for analysts and policymakers who want a better

understanding of Africa’s economic and social development.

Africa Development Indicators 2011 is the most detailed

collection of data on Africa It contains macroeconomic,

sectoral, and social indicators for 53 countries

The companion CD-ROM has additional data, with

some 1,700 indicators covering 1961–2009.

SKU 18731 ISBN 978-0-8213-8731-3

2 0 1 1

Copyright © 2011 by the International Bank

for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank

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Washington, D.C 20433, U.S.A.

All rights reserved

Manufactured in the United States of America

First printing 2011

This volume is a product of the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this volume do not necessarily reflect the views of the Executive Directors of The World Bank or the governments they represent.

The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries.

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ISBN: 978-0-8213-8731-3

e-ISBN: 978-0-8213-8732-0

DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-8731-3

SKU: 18731

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To order Africa Development Indicators 2011, The Little Data Book on Africa 2011 (available online only), or Africa Development

In-dicators 2011–Multiple User CD-ROM, please visit www.worldbank.org/publications To subscribe to Africa Development tors Online please visit http://publications.worldbank.org/ADI.

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2 National and fiscal accounts

Contents

2.33 Structure of demand 45

Part II Millennium Development Goals

3 Millennium Development Goals

Part III Development outcomes

Drivers of growth

4 Private sector development

5 Trade and regional integration

9 Labor, migration, and population

10 HIV/AIDS

11 Malaria

12 Capable states and partnership

This year’s Africa Development Indicators,

which covers some 1,700 macro economic,

sectoral, and human development

indica-tors dating to the 1960s, comes at a critical

time for Sub-Saharan Africa’s 48 countries

and 841 million people After a decade of

economic growth at nearly 5 percent a year,

Africa—along with the rest of the world—

was hit hard by the global economic crisis,

but it rebounded within a year In 2011 the

continent’s growth is expected to return to

pre crisis levels The poverty rate has been

declining at about 1 percentage point a year,

and progress on the Millennium

Develop-ment Goals, while insufficient to reach the

2015 targets in many countries, has been

substantial

Yet, Africa faces some of the most

formi-dable development challenges in the world

First, growth has been uneven, with about

20 fragile and conflict-affected states

seem-ingly trapped in persistent poverty Second,

economic growth has not translated to

pro-ductive jobs and more earning opportunities

for Africa’s labor force—most of which is

engaged in agriculture and informal

enter-prises—and especially for the 7‒10 million

young people entering the labor force each

year And third, Africa’s growth could be

faster and more widespread (and abject

pov-erty eliminated) if it could address its most

fundamental challenges—improving

gover-nance and increasing public sector capacity.

Just as the World Bank’s Africa strategy,

Africa’s Future and World Bank Support to It,

seeks to harness the continent’s recent

dy-namic growth to address these development

challenges, so too do statistics in general,

and Africa Development Indicators in

particu-lar, reflect both the progress and the

poten-tial of the continent Africa Development

Indi-cators permits policymakers, private actors,

civil society, development partners, and citizens to monitor, study, and document Africa’s economic and social development It also shows where we need to improve Just

18 of 48 countries have poverty data for 2007‒10 And in the 2000s Africa averaged 1.5 poverty figures per country, less than half the world’s average of 3.8 One reason for the shortcomings is lack of statistical ca- pacity—as of 2010 only six countries have statistical capacity building indicators of 70‒84 percent But here too there has been progress: all but four countries now have an official national statistics website, compared with 50 percent a few years ago More than

20 countries have made their household vey datasets available on their national data archive website, and more than 75 percent

sur-of Africa’s people are covered by a tion census less than 10 years old

popula-Since 2005 countries have developed their national statistical systems by de- signing and implementing a National Strat- egy for the Development of Statistics, which links data with poverty reduction strategies

The World Bank, in collaboration with other partners, is providing financial support and technical advice through lending operations such as STATCAP, through trust funds (in particular the Trust Fund for Statistical Ca- pacity Building and the Statistics for Results Catalytic Fund), and through international initiatives Moving forward, the Bank will scale up its statistical capacity development activities, not least because it is only with credible statistics that progress on the Af- rica strategy can be monitored In addition, technology is being used to accelerate data collection, especially in underserved areas

For instance, in Africa’s newest country, the Republic of South Sudan, the Bank is col- laborating with the local statistics office to

Foreword

collect information on people’s economic situation, security, and outlook using cell phones distributed to 1,000 households in

10 state capitals.

Africa Development Indicators has another,

more fundamental role in Africa’s ment Statistics—and the information con- tained in them—can empower citizens to hold their governments accountable From the first public expenditure tracking survey

develop-of education in Uganda to the Ushahidi form for tracking political violence and nat- ural disasters, Africans have demonstrated how systematic data can mobilize citizens to spur their governments to action Inasmuch

plat-as governance wplat-as identified plat-as the mental constraint to African development,

funda-Africa Development Indicators is a major

in-strument in relaxing that constraint.

To that end, since April 2010 the World Bank has made all its data freely available, resulting in continually growing use of its online resources This volume is part of the Africa Development Indicators suite of prod-

ucts, which also includes The Little Data Book

on Africa 2011 (available online only), the

Af-rica Development Indicators 2011–Multiple User CD-ROM, and a data query and chart- ing application for mobile services.

A tool for learning, capacity

strengthen-ing, and accountability, Africa Development

Indicators 2011 will continue to play a critical

role in Africa’s economic transformation.

Obiageli K Ezekwesili

Vice President The World Bank Group Africa Region

Africa Development Indicators is a product of

the Africa Region of the World Bank.

This report has been prepared by a core

team led by Rose Mungai comprising

Fran-coise Genouille and Jane Njuguna in the

pro-duction of this book and its companions—

Africa Development Indicators Online 2011,

Africa Development Indicators

2011—Mul-tiple User CD-ROM, and The Little Data

Book on Africa 2011 (online only) Yohannes

Kebede coordinated the Africa Development

Indicators Online apps platform while Mapi

Buitano coordinated the dissemination

of the book and its companions, and Jane

Njuguna coordinated production The

over-all work was carried out under the guidance

of Shantayanan Devarajan, Chief Economist

of the Africa Region

The technical box contributors were:

• Ghislaine Delaine and Antoine

Simon-pietri (African statistical systems).

• Shantayanan Devarajan (Africa’s future

and the World Bank’s support to it).

• Quy-Toan Do (Multidimensional indices

of poverty).

• Punam Chuhan-Pole and Manka S

An-gwafo (Transformation of Rwanda’s

cof-fee sector: an African success story).

• Sailesh Tiwari and Hassan Zaman (Food

prices in Africa).

• Dilip Ratha, Sanket Mohapatra, Caglar

Ozden, Sonia Plaza, and Abebe Shimeles

(Migration and remittances in Africa).

• Bernard Harborne, Noro Aina

Andri-amihaja, and Viola Erdmannsdoerfer

(Conflict -affected and fragile states in

Maja Bresslauer, Mahyar Eshragh-Tabary, Masako Hiraga, and Soong Sup Lee col- laborated in the update of the live data- base Software preparation and testing for the CD-ROM and mobile applications was managed by Vilas Mandelkar, with the as- sistance of Ramgopal Erabelly, Parastoo Oloumi, William Prince, and Jomo Tariku

William Prince also collaborated in the

production of The Little Data Book on Africa

2011.

Jeffrey Lecksell and Bruno Bonansea of the World Bank’s Map Design Unit coordi- nated preparation of the maps.

Ann Karasanyi and Kenneth Omondi provided administrative and logistical sup- port The core team would like to thank the many people who provided useful com- ments on the publication Their feedback and suggestions helped improve this year’s edition.

Staff from External Affairs oversaw printing and dissemination of the book and its companions.

Several institutions provided data to

Africa Development Indicators Their

contribu-tion is very much appreciated

Communications Development rated provided design direction, editing, and layout.

Incorpo-Acknowledgments

Indicator tables

Part I Basic indicators and national and fiscal accounts

1 Basic indicators

2 National and fiscal accounts

Part II Millennium Development Goals

3 Millennium Development Goals

3.6 Millennium Development Goal 6: combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases 53

Part III Development outcomes

Drivers of growth

4 Private sector development

5 Trade and regional integration

9 Labor, migration, and population

12 Capable states and partnership

The tables are numbered by section

Coun-tries are listed alphabetically by subregion

(Sub-Saharan Africa and North Africa)

In-dicators are shown for the most recent year

or period for which data are available and, in

most tables, for an earlier year or period

(usu-ally 1980, 1990, or 1995) Time-series data

are available on the Africa Development

In-dicators—Multiple User CD-ROM and Africa

Development Indicators Online The term

country, used interchangeably with economy,

does not imply political independence but

refers to any territory for which authorities

report separate social or economic statistics

Known deviations from standard definitions

or breaks in comparability over time or across

countries are noted in the tables When

avail-able data are deemed too weak to provide

reliable measures of levels and trends or do

not adequately adhere to international

stan-dards, the data are not shown.

Aggregate measure for region

and subclassifications

The aggregates are based on the World Bank’s

regional classification for Sub-Saharan

Af-rica and North AfAf-rica, which may differ from

common geographic usage Former Spanish

Sahara is not included in any aggregates.

Statistics

Data are shown for economies as they were

constituted in 2008, and historical data are

revised to reflect current political

arrange-ments Exceptions are noted in the tables

Consistent time-series data for 1961–2009

are available on the Africa Development

Indicators—Multiple User CD-ROM and

Af-rica Development Indicators Online Data for

some indicators, including macro economic

statistics, Doing Business indicators,

invest-ment climate indicators, governance and

Users guide

anticorruption indicators, and Country icy and Institutional Assessment ratings are provided for 2010.

Pol-Data consistency, reliability, and comparability

Considerable effort has been made to nize the data, but full comparability cannot be assured, and care must be taken in interpreting indicators Many factors affect data availabili-

harmo-ty, comparabiliharmo-ty, and reliability Data coverage may be incomplete because of circumstances affecting the collection and reporting of data, such as conflicts Although drawn from sourc-

es thought to be the most authoritative, data should be construed as indicating trends and characterizing differences across economies

Discrepancies in data presented in earlier

edi-tions of Africa Development Indicators reflect

updates from countries as well as revisions to historical series and changes in methodology

Readers are therefore advised not to compare data series between editions or across World Bank publications.

Classification of economies

For operational and analytical purposes the World Bank’s main criterion for classifying economies is gross national income (GNI)

per capita (calculated by the World Bank Atlas

method; box 1) Every economy is classified

as low income, middle income (subdivided into lower middle and upper middle), or high income (table 1) Low- and middle-income economies are sometimes referred to as de- veloping economies The term is used for convenience; it is not intended to imply that all economies in the group are experiencing similar development or that other economies have reached a preferred or final stage of de- velopment Classification by income does not necessarily reflect development status Be- cause GNI per capita changes over time, the

country composition of income groups may

change from one edition of Africa Development

Indicators to the next Once the classification is

fixed for an edition, based on GNI per capita in the most recent year for which data are avail- able (2008 in this edition), all historical data are based on the same country grouping Low- income economies are those with a GNI per capita of $995 or less in 2008 Middle-income economies are those with a GNI per capita of more than $995 but less than $12,126 Lower middle-income and upper middle-income economies are separated at a GNI per capita

of $3,945 High-income economies are those with a GNI per capita of $12,126 or more.

Alternative conversion factors

The World Bank systematically assesses the appropriateness of official exchange rates as conversion factors An alternative conversion factor is used when the official exchange rate

is judged to diverge by an exceptionally large margin from the rate effectively applied to do- mestic transactions of foreign currencies and traded products This applies to only a small number of countries Alternative conversion

factors are used in the Atlas methodology

and elsewhere in Africa Development

Indica-tors as single-year conversion facIndica-tors.

Symbols

or that aggregates cannot be culated because of missing data in the years shown.

otherwise noted.

0 or 0.0 means zero or small enough that

the number would round to zero

at the displayed number of decimal places.

Data presentation conventions

A blank means not applicable or, for an gregate, not analytically meaningful.

In calculating GNI and GNI per capita in

U.S dollars for certain operational

pur-poses, the World Bank Atlas conversion

factor is used to reduce the impact of

ex-change rate fluctuations in cross-country

comparison of national incomes The World

Bank Atlas conversion factor for any year is

the average of the official exchange rate or

alternative conversion factor for that year

and the two preceding, adjusted for the

dif-ference between the rate of inflation in the

country and that in Japan, the United

King-dom, the United States, and the euro area

A country’s inflation rate is measured by the

change in its GDP deflator

The inflation rate for Japan, the United

Kingdom, the United States, and the euro

area, representing international inflation,

is measured by the change in the “special

drawing rights (SDR) deflator.” The SDR is

the International Monetary Fund’s unit of

account and is calculated as a weighted

average of these countries’ GDP deflators

in SDR terms, the weights being the amount

of each country’s currency in one SDR unit

Weights vary over time because both the composition of the SDR and the relative ex- change rates for each currency change The SDR deflator is calculated in SDR terms first and then converted to U.S dollars using the

SDR-to-dollar World Bank Atlas conversion

factor The conversion factor is then applied

to a country’s GNI The resulting GNI in U.S

dollars is divided by the midyear population for the latest of the three years to derive GNI per capita.

When official exchange rates are deemed unreliable or unrepresentative of the effec- tive exchange rate during a period, an alter- native estimate of the exchange rate is used

in the World Bank Atlas formula below.

The following formulas describe the cedures for computing the conversion fac-

pro-tor for year t:

and for calculating per capita GNI in U.S

dollars for year t:

where et* is the World Bank Atlas

conver-sion factor (national currency to the U.S

dollar) for year t, et is the average annual exchange rate (national currency to the U.S

dollar) for year t, pt is the GDP deflator for

year t, pt S$ is the SDR deflator in U.S dollar

terms for year t, Yt$ is current GNI per capita

in U.S dollars in year t, Yt is current GNI

(local currency) for year t, and Nt is midyear

population for year t.

Low income Lower middle income Upper middle income High income

DjiboutiEgypt, Arab Rep

LesothoMoroccoNamibiaSudanSwazilandTunisia

BotswanaGabonLibyaMauritiusSeychellesSouth Africa

Equatorial Guinea

Source: World Bank.

Table 1 World Bank classification of economies, 2009 (GNI per capita)

of sq km)

Population density(people per sq km)

GNI per capita,

World Bank Atlas method

(current $)

GDP per capitaConstant 2000 prices Life

expectancy

at birth(years)

Under-five mortality rate(per 1,000) indexGini

Adult literacy rate(% ages 15 and older)

Net official development assistance per capita (current $)

Total

Average annual

SUB–SAHARAN AFRICA 841.0 2.5 23,636 35.6 1,130 618 2.6 52.5 130 74.8 56.3 53.2

Excluding South Africa 193,303 189,013 279,985 340,092 406,780 502,768 593,774 734,377 669,740 –0.7 1.2 16.7

Excl S Africa & Nigeria 124,769 160,605 212,189 252,030 294,213 355,441 427,372 526,649 496,310 3.0 0.8 15.7

Excluding South Africa 132,121 162,355 237,556 254,798 270,086 288,086 308,333 326,524 338,402 2.1 2.7 5.8

Excl S Africa & Nigeria 99,187 127,336 184,367 195,958 208,072 222,229 238,231 252,216 259,922 2.6 2.8 5.5

Annual growth(%)

Annual average1980–89 1990–99 2000–09

SUB–SAHARAN AFRICA 4.0 1.1 4.2 6.2 5.7 6.3 6.5 5.1 1.7 2.2 2.1 4.6

Annual growth(%)

Annual average1980–89 1990–99 2000–09

SUB–SAHARAN AFRICA 1.0 –1.6 1.6 3.6 3.2 3.7 3.9 2.5 –0.8 –0.7 –0.6 2.1

Excluding South Africa 186,001 176,977 261,709 315,160 374,531 472,616 551,831 680,851 631,533 –1.0 1.5 16.7

Excl S Africa & Nigeria 120,669 151,469 201,604 236,870 275,384 330,873 397,306 485,559 468,215 2.8 1.1 15.4

SUB–SAHARAN AFRICA 248,179 296,836 372,146 464,775 582,430 688,914 784,038 902,495 950,647 0.8 1.6 15.0

Excluding South Africa 183,411 177,652 240,847 296,269 354,076 428,060 506,838 617,236 667,916 –1.2 1.1 16.5

Excl S Africa & Nigeria 122,461 152,211 184,869 222,371 265,832 307,548 363,836 439,072 482,054 2.1 0.8 14.6

SUB–SAHARAN AFRICA 640 576 513 625 764 882 979 1,100 1,130 –2.0 –1.1 12.2

Index(2000 = 100)

Annual average1980–89 1990–99 2000–09

SUB–SAHARAN AFRICA 20 40 118 127 140 149 164 189 195 26 67 140

Index(2000 = 100)

Annual average1980–89 1990–99 2000–09

(U.S dollar series)

SUB–SAHARAN AFRICA 120 110 117 137 152 167 181 197 184 106 109 142

Annual average1980–89 1990–99 2000–09

SUB–SAHARAN AFRICA 10.6 4.3 126.6 134.2 173.0 153.9

Consumer price index(2000 = 100)

Exports of goods and services price index(2000 = 100)

Imports of goods and services price index(2000 = 100)

Share of GDP(%)

Annual average1980–89 1990–99 2000–09

SUB–SAHARAN AFRICA 25.3 17.1 16.0 15.9 15.7 15.9 16.7 16.1 15.5 20.1 15.4 16.0

Share of GDP(%)

Annual average1980–89 1990–99 2000–09

SUB–SAHARAN AFRICA 23.4 15.8 16.0 16.4 16.4 16.1 15.9 15.5 15.4 18.6 15.2 15.8

Share of GDP(%)

Annual average1980–89 1990–99 2000–09

consumption expenditure

SUB–SAHARAN AFRICA 15.1 17.5 16.4 16.6 16.7 16.4 16.0 16.3 17.6 16.5 16.8 16.3

Share of GDP(%)

Annual average1980–89 1990–99 2000–09

expenditure

SUB–SAHARAN AFRICA 58.9 65.3 67.7 67.7 68.0 68.3 67.8 68.1 66.9 63.3 68.0 68.0

Share of GDP(%)

Annual average1980–89 1990–99 2000–09

SUB–SAHARAN AFRICA 74.7 82.9 84.0 84.1 84.3 84.1 83.3 83.9 84.5 79.9 84.6 84.0

Current prices($)

Annual average1980–89 1990–99 2000–09

SUB–SAHARAN AFRICA 450 490 487 584 646 709 792 867 864 449 469 612

plus discrepancy per capita

Share of GDP(%)

Annual average1980–89 1990–99 2000–09

SUB–SAHARAN AFRICA 22.6 18.2 17.1 17.4 18.2 18.9 20.3 21.7 22.3 20.1 17.1 18.5

Share of GDP(%)

Annual average1980–89 1990–99 2000–09

SUB–SAHARAN AFRICA 6.6 5.6 5.2 5.4 5.4 5.8 6.5 7.6 8.7 6.1 4.8 5.8

Share of GDP(%)

Annual average1980–89 1990–99 2000–09

SUB–SAHARAN AFRICA 16.4 12.9 11.8 11.8 12.5 13.5 13.7 14.2 13.4 14.4 12.4 12.6

Share of GDP(%)

Annual average1980–89 1990–99 2000–09

SUB–SAHARAN AFRICA 1.2 0.8 –1.5 –1.3 –1.3 –1.9 –2.4 –3.8 –3.7 –0.4 –1.5 –1.5