database was maintained of cases verified by autopsy, surgery, or catheterization from which prevalence, distribution, and clinical epidemiology were defined.. The prevalence at live bir
Trang 1database was maintained of cases verified by autopsy, surgery, or catheterization from which prevalence, distribution, and clinical
epidemiology were defined The prevalence at live birth was 2.08 per 1000, with ventricular septal defects accounting for 15.7% of cases.
Carlgren LE, Ericson A, Kallen B Monitoring of
congenital cardiac defects Pediatr Cardiol.
1987;8:247–256
This study used four registries to determine an
estimate of prevalence and frequency of
distribution of congenitally malformed hearts for Sweden and gives limited epidemiologic
features.
Ferencz C, Rubin JD, Loffredo CA Epidemiology
of congenital heart disease The Baltimore-Washington infant study 1981-1989 Futura:
Mount Kisco, NY; 1993 Perspectives in
Pediatric Cardiology Vol 4.
This is an important monograph providing the full results of the seminal active surveillance study incorporating echocardiography, with a case-control comparison regarding potential risk
factors The prevalence was 4.84 per 1000 live births.
Hiraishi S, et al Incidence and natural course of
Trang 2Doppler flow imaging study J Pediatr.
1992;120:409–415
This study universally screened 1028 newborns with echocardiography and identified 21 with muscular ventricular septal defects, with four additional cases of congenital cardiac disease Early screening of live births gives the highest estimates of prevalence through complete
ascertainment of cases.
Trang 31 Jacobs JP Software development, nomenclature schemes, and mapping strategies for an
international pediatric cardiac surgery database
system Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg Pediatr Card Surg Annu 2002;5:153–162.
2 Jacobs JP, Mavroudis C, Jacobs ML, et al
Nomenclature and databases - the past, the present, and the future: a primer for the
congenital heart surgeon Pediatr Cardiol.
2007;28:105–115
3 Franklin RC, Jacobs JP, Tchervenkov CI, Beland
MJ Bidirectional crossmap of the short lists of the European Paediatric Cardiac Code and the International Congenital Heart Surgery
Nomenclature and Database Project Cardiol Young 2002;12:431–435.
4 Ferencz C, Rubin JD, Loffredo CA, Magee CA
Epidemiology of Congenital Heart Disease: The Baltimore-Washington Infant Study Futura
Publishing Company Inc: Mount Kisco, NY; 1993:1981–1989
5 McCrindle BW, Shaffer KM, Kan JS, et al
Cardinal clinical signs in the differentiation of
heart murmurs in children Arch Pediatr Adolesc