Prevention-of-Drowsy-Driving-Curriculum-Presentation-SBU-Copyright-2018

Pre- Licensing Course Instructor’s Manual, A Syllabus Prepared by the New York State Department of Motor Vehicles.. Pre- Licensing Course Instructor’s Manual, A Syllabus Prepared by the

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Stony Brook University

School of Health Technology & Management Center for Community Engagement & Leadership Development

Drowsy Driving Prevention Program

Prepared by:

Lisa M Endee, Erik Flynn, Pamela Linden, Russell Rozensky, Stephen G Smith, Anna Lubitz

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Unit 1: Overview Drowsy Driving

1 Introduction to the Highway Transportation System

2 Introduction to Safe Driving Practices

3 Introduction to Dangerous Driving and Associated Behaviors

4 Introduction to Drowsy Driving and Prevention

Unit 2: Experiential Exercises

1 Assertive Communication Role Play and Discussion; Alternative Drowsy Driving Video(s) and Discussion

2 Myth vs Fact True/False Quiz and Discussion

Final Takeaways

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Highway Transportation System (HTS)

What is its purpose?

To move goods and people efficiently, economically, and safely.

Traffic Bottlenecking and crashes are examples of breakdowns in the HTS

New York State Department of Motor Vehicles (2018) Pre- Licensing Course Instructor’s Manual, A Syllabus Prepared by the New

York State Department of Motor Vehicles New York State Department of Motor Vehicles https://dmv.ny.gov/forms/mv277.pdf

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Highway Transportation System (HTS)

Three basic parts of the HTS:

1 The driver (People)

2 Vehicles

3 Environment (Roadways)

Characteristics

Most important: The driver

Least predictable: The driver

Most difficult to control: Predicting the actions of other drivers

Causes most crashes: The driver - responsible for over 90% of crashes

Compensation: The driver

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Connecting the HTS and Safe Driving

In driving, the following rules of behavior apply:

- Maintain a comfortable space around yourself

- Follow NYS laws and rules of the road

- Avoid crashes

- Signal your intentions

- Wear seat belts

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Safe Driving Practices

the “three - second” rule

to maintain a safe distance while following behind another vehicle

Driving Habit vs Driving Skill

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Safe Driving Practices

To be a safe driver, each motorist must demonstrate 7 key characteristics:

Physical fitness Mental fitness Driving skills Knowledge Good driving habits Emotional fitness Courteous attitude

What does Safe Driving involve?

Defensive/careful driving to prevent crashes

Making allowances for other drivers and allowing for changes in the highway environment

Crash prevention and avoidance

Crash prevention and avoidance can be achieved by:

Using your senses and developing good perceptual skills

Making correct decisions and driving carefully to minimize errors

Conceding the right of way to prevent a crash

Using mirrors to avoid blind spots, using seat belts, and having perception to hazards

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New York State Department of Motor Vehicles (2018) Pre- Licensing Course Instructor’s Manual, A Syllabus

Prepared by the New York State Department of Motor Vehicles New York State Department of Motor Vehicles.

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Dangerous Driving and Associated Behaviors

Newly licensed drivers, teens and young adults have the highest

crash rates in comparison to older drivers

Motor vehicle crashes have the following risk factor among teenagers and young

adults:

Inexperience

Teenage passengers

Distraction while driving, including from using cell phones and texting

Driving at excessive speeds, close following, and other risky driving

Drinking and driving

Driving at night

Being male

Social norms

Often, several of these risk factors are present:

Those who text while driving are more likely to have other risky driving behaviors as

well, compared to those who don't text while driving

Not using a seatbelt

Young drivers who own their cars may take more risks

National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (n.d.) What risk factors do all drivers face? Retrieved January 22, 2018, from https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/driving/conditioninfo/risk-factors

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The 4 D’s of Impaired Driving

Drunk Drugged Distracted Drowsy

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Impaired Driving - Drunk

Drunk Driving is the #1 contributor to highway

death toll, claiming thousands of lives every year

Nationally, over 17,000 motor vehicle-related

deaths occur each year because of alcohol.

Alcohol is an odorless, colorless, mind altering depressant

drug, which in beverage form is in beer, wine and distilled

spirits

The amount of alcohol is as follows:

Beer - 3.2%-5 % alcohol

Wine coolers - 4% to 8% alcohol

Malt Liquor: 5% - 10% alcohol

Wine: 10% - 16% alcohol

Distilled Spirits - 39% - 50% alcohol

An increased Blood Alcohol Content (BAC), increases

crash risk drastically

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Impaired Driving - Drugged

National Institute on Drug Abuse (2015, July 22) Drugged Driving Retrieved January 22, 2018, from

https://www.drugabuse.gov/related-topics/trends-statistics/infographics/drugged-driving

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The three types of distraction

Traffic safety experts classify distractions into three main types:

1 Manual

2 Visual

3 Cognitive

Impaired Driving - Distracted

End Distracted Driving (2018) Distracted Driving Facts Retrieved January 22, 2018, from

https://www.enddd.org/the-facts-about-distracted-driving/

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Impaired Driving - Drowsy

Drowsy Driving is a serious issue

that affects all drivers, and it’s

estimated that over 6000 fatal

crashes per year are due to Drowsy

Driving.

Proper sleep behaviors encourage

safe driving practices.

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The Importance of Sleep

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Proper Sleep Habits

What can I do to ensure proper

sleep habits?

1 Stick to a sleep schedule

2 Practice a relaxing bedtime routine

3 Exercise daily

4 Evaluate your room

5 Use bright light to help manage your

circadian rhythms

6 Avoid alcohol, cigarettes and heavy

meals in the evening

7 Wind down

8 Speak with your doctor or sleep

professional to better evaluate your

common sleep habits and behaviors

National Sleep Foundation (2017) Facts and Stats Retrieved December 04, 2017, from

http://drowsydriving.org/about/facts-and-stats/

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Drowsy Driving

What is Drowsy Driving?

Driving while drowsy is driving while

you’re sleepy

Why is this important to understand?

Driving is a complex mental test that

deserves your full attention.

It is estimated that 1 in 5 serious motor

vehicle crashes are attributed to drowsy

driving or falling asleep at the wheel

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What are the signs of sleep deprivation and drowsy driving?

aaa.com/drowsydriving

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What are the signs of sleep deprivation and drowsy driving?

aaa.com/drowsydriving

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Drowsy Driving

Who does it affect?

Teenagers and Young Adults

Shift workers

People with sleep disorders

Men more than women

Why is drowsy driving a common among

teenagers and college-aged students?

Most of fatigue-related crashes are caused by

drivers under age 25.

o Sports/Extracurricular activities later

o After school jobs

o Socializing

o Digital media in bedroom

o Early school start times remain National Sleep Foundation (2017) Facts and Stats Retrieved December 04, 2017, from

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In a recent survey among commuter students at Stony Brook University…

N = 1,119 Self-Reported Records

87% Self-Reported Drowsy while Driving

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N = 1,010

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N = 1097

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N = 1,011 N = 1,011

N = 1,008

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N = 1,009

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Males were 1.42 times

more likely to drive

drowsy with or without

falling asleep at the

wheel than Females

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www.StopDrowsyDriving.org

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Sleepy (ESS Score 7-9)

Estimated odds of drowsy driving

status for people who were identified

as sleepy (ESS score in 7-9) were

1.68 times the estimated odds for

normal people (ESS score in 0-6)

Very Sleepy (ESS Score ≥ 10)

Estimated odds of drowsy driving

status for people who were identified

as very sleepy (ESS score ≥ 10) were

3.12 times the estimated odds for

normal people (ESS score in 0-6)

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Safe driving skills are crucial

When these skills are not at peak,

you are at risk for crashes.

Why? There is a much slower

reaction time, or none at all, many

drowsy driving crashes involve

serious injuries and/or fatalities

Drowsy Driving

Why is driving while drowsy dangerous?

AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety (2016) Retrieved March 14, 2018, from http://aaafoundation.org

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The sleep deprived group was

drowsy with or without falling

asleep at the wheel than the not

sleep deprived group.

Drowsy driving can be associated with

episodes of “microsleep.”

A “microsleep” includes occurrences of

sleep (within seconds) when an individual

is not engaged with the environment, with

or without eyes closed

(Marcus, J H., & Rosekind, M R., 2017) Don’t be like SpongeBob and try to

pull an all-nighter writing a paper for

Mrs Puff’s Driving Class!!!

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More total hours of

sleep per week would

driving while drowsy with

or without falling asleep at

the wheel.

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Long Commuters

Estimated odds of drowsy driving status for

people who were long commuters (≥21 miles)

being drowsy and falling asleep at the wheel

were 1.64 times the estimated odds for short

Moderate Commuters

Estimated odds of drowsy driving status for

-moderate commuters (11-20 miles) being

drowsy and falling asleep at the wheel were

1.43 times the estimated odds for short

Short Commuters

Short commuters were less likely to drive

drowsy with or without falling asleep at the

wheel.

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Governors Highway Safety Association, Hedlund, J., & E Foundation for Advancing Alcohol Responsibility (2015, September) Drug-Impaired Driving: A Guide for States Retrieved January 22, 2018, from https://www.ghsa.org/sites/default/files/2017-04/GHSA_DruggedDriving2017_FINAL.pdf

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Newton, L (2017, November 06) Tired and driving? Take a break – drive awake Retrieved March 14, 2018, from http://www.penndot.gov/PennDOTWay/Pages/Article.aspx?post=62

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Drowsy Driving is just as dangerous as texting and driving, or

drunk driving It causes crashes, serious injury and death

How do I prevent Drowsy Driving?

Prevention of Drowsy Driving

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10 Strategies to Reduce Risk of Drowsy Driving

1 Drive during your normal wake time

2 Driving during the day.

3 Obtain the recommended amount of sleep per night.

4 Practice good sleep habits (hygiene)

5 If driving long distances, take breaks frequently , get out

and move your body around

6 Drive with a passenger if possible

7 Adjust the interior temperature to be cool.

8. Avoid using sleep aides the night before driving

9 Read all medication labels for side effects and avoid driving

when using ones that can make you sleepy.

a *Prescription medications and their side effects need

to be considered before driving; prescription use does

not excuse for impaired driving!

10 If you are constantly sleepy, talk to your doctor, as this can

be a sign of an underlying sleep disorder.

Recommendations compiled from the National Sleep Foundation , National Institute for Health ,

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , American Academy of Sleep Medicine

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Effective communication skills are key to standing

up for yourself in an uncomfortable or a potentially

dangerous situation, such as when a friend or

adult is drowsy while driving

Assertive communication is clear, calm and

respectful.

The goal of communication is to be heard by the

person you are talking to

Your focus should be on problem solving , not

blaming.

Offer a solution

Introduction to Assertive Communication for

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Traits of effective communication include:

Making “I” statements.

Listening to the other person’s response.

Reflecting what you heard to be sure that you

understood what the other person was saying.

Being respectful.

Making eye contact.

Making and sticking to your point

Expressing your feelings by clearly stating

your needs and wants.

Tiêu đề	Drowsy Driving Prevention Program
Tác giả	Lisa M. Endee, Erik Flynn, Pamela Linden, Russell Rozensky, Stephen G. Smith, Anna Lubitz
Người hướng dẫn	Leo Gafney, Leonie Huddy, Carlos Vidal, Jie Yang
Trường học	Stony Brook University
Chuyên ngành	Health Technology & Management
Thể loại	curriculum presentation
Năm xuất bản	2018
Thành phố	Stony Brook

Định dạng
Số trang	58
Dung lượng	2,68 MB