pressure equipment - welding and brazing qualification

welding and brazing qualifications

Australian/New Zealand Standard™

Pressure equipment—Welding and brazing qualification

This Joint Australian/New Zealand Standard was prepared by Joint TechnicalCommittee ME/1, Pressure Equipment It was approved on behalf of the Council ofStandards Australia on 13 February 1998 and on behalf of the Council of StandardsNew Zealand on 16 March 1998 It was published on 5 May 1998.

The following interests are represented on Committee ME/1:

A.C.T WorkCover

Australasian Corrosion Association

Australasian Institute of Engineering Inspection

Australian Aluminium Council

Australian Building Codes Board

Australian Chamber of Commerce and Industry

Australian Institute of Energy

Australian Institute of Petroleum

Australian Liquefied Petroleum Gas Association

Boiler and Pressure Vessel Manufacturers Association of Australia

Bureau of Steel Manufacturers of Australia

Department for Industrial Affairs, S.A

Department of Labour, New Zealand

Department of Training and Industrial Relations, Qld

Electricity Corporation of New Zealand

Electricity Supply Association of Australia

Institute of Metals and Materials, Australasia

Institution of Engineers, Australia

Institution of Professional Engineers, New Zealand

Metal Trades Industry Association of Australia

National Association of Testing Authorities, Australia

New Zealand Engineering Federation

New Zealand Heavy Engineering Research Association

New Zealand Institute of Welding

New Zealand Petrochemical Users Group

New Zealand Timber Industry Federation

Victorian WorkCover Authority

Welding Technology Institute of Australia

WorkCover N.S.W

Work Health Authority, N.T

Workplace Standards Authority, Tas

WorkSafe Western Australia

Review of Standards To keep abreast of progress in industry, Joint Australian/

New Zealand Standards are subject to periodic review and are kept up to date by theissue of amendments or new editions as necessary It is important therefore thatStandards users ensure that they are in possession of the latest edition, and anyamendments thereto

Full details of all Joint Standards and related publications will be found in the StandardsAustralia and Standards New Zealand Catalogue of Publications; this information issupplemented each month by the magazines ‘The Australian Standard’ and ‘StandardsNew Zealand’, which subscribing members receive, and which give details of newpublications, new editions and amendments, and of withdrawn Standards

Suggestions for improvements to Joint Standards, addressed to the head office of eitherStandards Australia or Standards New Zealand, are welcomed Notification of anyinaccuracy or ambiguity found in a Joint Australian/New Zealand Standard should bemade without delay in order that the matter may be investigated and appropriate actiontaken

Australian/New Zealand Standard™

Pressure equipment—Welding and brazing qualification

Originated in Australia as AS 3992 — 1992.

Revised and redesignated AS/NZS 3992:1998.

PUBLISHED JOINTLY BY:

STANDARDS AUSTRALIA

1 The Crescent,

Homebush NSW 2140 Australia

STANDARDS NEW ZEALAND

Level 10, Radio New Zealand House,

155 The Terrace,

Wellington 6001 New Zealand

ISBN 0 7337 1876 0

This Standard was prepared by the Joint Standards Australia/Standards New Zealand

Committee ME/1, Pressure Equipment to supersede AS 3992 — 1992, Boilers and pressure

vessels — Welding and brazing qualification.

This Standard is the result of a consensus among representative on the Joint Committee toproduce it as a Joint Australian/New Zealand Standard Consensus means generalagreement by all interested parties Consensus includes an attempt to remove allobjections and implies much more than the concept of a simple majority, but notnecessarily unanimity It is consistent with this meaning that a member may be included

in the Committee list and yet not be in full agreement will all clauses of this Standard.This Standard unifies and revises the requirements for the qualification of welding andbrazing procedures, welding and brazing personnel, and production test plates and welds,

specified in AS 1210, Pressure vessels, AS 1228, Pressure equipment — Boilers and

AS 4041, Pressure piping.

The main changes in this revision are as follows:

(a) Inclusion of Amendments 1 and 2 to AS 3992 — 1992

(b) Inclusion of requirements for hard facing metal overlay

(c) Publication as a Joint Australian/New Zealand Standard

(d) Clarification and revision of text to current accepted welding and brazing practice.(e) Addition of diagrams to define parent material thickness

(f) Recognition of the changing role of the Australian regulatory authorities

The objective of this Standard is to reduce misunderstanding, costs and delays inqualifying welding; avoid unnecessary duplication of testing; promote greater confidence

in reciprocal acceptance of approved procedures; and improve safety

This Standard is based on AS 1210, with due allowance for practices or requirements of

AS 1228 and AS 4041 Modifications have been made to utilize current appropriaterequirements of ASME BPV Sec IX ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code,

Section IX: Qualification standard for welding, brazing procedures, welders, brazers and

welding and brazing operators, ISO 9956, Specification and approval of welding procedures for metallic materials, BS EN 287, Approval testing of welders for fusion welding, Part 1: Steels, BS EN 288, Specification and approval of welding proceedings for metallic materials, Part 1: General rules for fusion welding and AS 2885,

Pipelines — Gas and liquid petroleum, Part 2: Welding.

Requirements have been formulated with a view to maximum compatibility withrecognized leading international Standards

This Standard introduced to the Pressure Equipment Standards the concept of prequalifiedwelding procedures, i.e procedures which have been proved by extensive use by manyorganizations to meet the quality requirements of the Standards readily and consistently.Such procedures are limited to materials and thicknesses which are readily welded withproved processes and consumables by qualified welders

It is not intended that the publication of this edition will invalidate welding tests that were

accepted in respect of other Standards of AS/NZS 1200, Pressure equipment.

Statements expressed in mandatory terms in notes to tables and figures are deemed to berequirements of this Standard

application of the appendix to which they apply A ‘normative’ appendix is an integralpart of a Standard, whereas an ‘informative’ appendix is only for information andguidance.

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Care should be taken to ensure that material used is from the current edition of the Standard and that it is updated whenever the Standard

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Page

SECTION 1 SCOPE AND GENERAL

1.1 SCOPE 7

1.2 APPLICATION 7

1.3 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS 8

1.4 DEFINITIONS 8

1.5 OTHER PROCESSES 9

1.6 OTHER MATERIALS 9

SECTION 2 PREQUALIFIED WELDING PROCEDURES 2.1 GENERAL 10

2.2 PREQUALIFIED GASES 11

2.3 ALUMINOTHERMIC WELDING 11

SECTION 3 QUALIFICATION OF WELDING PROCEDURES FOR BUTT, BRANCH AND FILLET WELDS 3.1 GENERAL 13

3.2 METHODS OF QUALIFICATION OF WELDING PROCEDURE 13

3.3 RECORDING OF WELDING PROCEDURE DATA 13

3.4 TESTING OF WELDING PROCEDURE TEST WELDS 13

3.5 REQUALIFICATION OF A WELDING PROCEDURE 14

3.6 PORTABILITY OF QUALIFIED WELDING PROCEDURES 14

3.7 RECIPROCITY OF QUALIFIED WELDING PROCEDURES 14

3.8 WELDING PROCEDURE SPECIFICATION 14

3.9 WELDING PROCEDURES FOR REPAIR WELDING 14

3.10 REPAIRS, REPLACEMENT OR ALTERATION TO IN-SERVICE PRESSURE EQUIPMENT 15

SECTION 4 ITEMS TO BE RECORDED FOR WELDING PROCEDURE TEST WELDS 4.1 GENERAL 16

4.2 ITEMS SPECIFIC TO NOMINATED WELDING PROCESSES 16

4.3 RECORDING OF WELDING PROCEDURE TEST WELDS 16

SECTION 5 ESSENTIAL VARIABLES FOR WELDING PROCEDURE QUALIFICATION 18

SECTION 6 WELD TEST PIECES 6.1 TEST PIECES 32

6.2 VISUAL EXAMINATION 34

6.3 NON-DESTRUCTIVE EXAMINATION OF TEST PIECES 34

6.4 POSTWELD HEAT TREATMENT 34

SECTION 7 MECHANICAL TESTING OF WELDS FOR PROCEDURE

QUALIFICATION

7.1 GENERAL 39

7.2 RESPONSIBILITY FOR TESTING 39

7.3 TEST SPECIMENS 39

7.4 TRANSVERSE TENSILE TEST 39

7.5 ALL-WELD-METAL TENSILE TEST 40

7.6 BEND TEST 40

7.7 CHARPY V-NOTCH IMPACT TEST 42

7.8 MACRO EXAMINATION 46

7.9 WELD JOINT HARDNESS TEST 46

7.10 FILLET BREAK TEST 47

7.11 NICK-BREAK TEST 47

7.12 ADDITIONAL TESTS BEFORE REJECTION 47

7.13 REPORTING OF RESULTS 47

SECTION 8 WELD OVERLAY QUALIFICATION TESTING 8.1 CLAD PLATE CONSTRUCTION 49

8.2 CORROSION-RESISTANT WELD METAL OVERLAY 49

8.3 HARDFACING WELD METAL OVERLAY 50

SECTION 9 WELDER QUALIFICATION 9.1 GENERAL 52

9.2 METHODS OF QUALIFICATION 52

9.3 EXTENT OF APPROVAL OF WELDER QUALIFICATION 52

9.4 INFORMATION TO BE GIVEN TO WELDER FOR QUALIFICATION TEST WELDS 52

9.5 EXAMINATION AND TESTING OF WELDER QUALIFICATION TEST WELDS 52

9.6 RECORDING OF WELDER QUALIFICATION TESTS 53

9.7 RETESTS 53

9.8 RENEWAL OF WELDER QUALIFICATION 56

SECTION 10 WELD PRODUCTION TESTS 10.1 PRODUCTION TEST PLATES 57

10.2 ADDITIONAL TESTS BEFORE REJECTION 57

10.3 RECORDS 57

SECTION 11 BRAZING QUALIFICATION 11.1 GENERAL 59

11.2 QUALIFICATION REQUIRED 59

11.3 GROUPING OF MATERIALS FOR BRAZING QUALIFICATION 59

11.4 GROUPING OF BRAZING FILLER METALS 60

11.5 BRAZING FLOW POSITIONS 61

11.6 RECORDS 61

SECTION 12 QUALIFICATION OF BRAZING PROCEDURE

12.1 GENERAL 63

12.2 REQUALIFICATION OF A BRAZING PROCEDURE 63

12.3 PORTABILITY OF QUALIFIED BRAZING PROCEDURE 63

12.4 PREQUALIFIED BRAZING PROCEDURE 63

12.5 ITEMS TO BE RECORDED FOR BRAZING PROCEDURE QUALIFICATION TEST BRAZES 63

12.6 ESSENTIAL VARIABLES FOR BRAZING PROCEDURE QUALIFICATION 64

12.7 TEST PIECES FOR BRAZING PROCEDURE QUALIFICATION 64

12.8 VISUAL EXAMINATION 64

SECTION 13 EXAMINATION AND TESTING OF BRAZED JOINTS 13.1 REMOVAL OF TEST SPECIMENS 69

13.2 TRANSVERSE TENSILE TEST 69

13.3 BEND TEST 70

13.4 PEEL TEST 70

13.5 SECTIONING TEST 71

13.6 WORKMANSHIP SPECIMEN TEST 71

13.7 RETESTS 71

SECTION 14 BRAZER AND BRAZING OPERATOR QUALIFICATION 14.1 METHODS OF QUALIFICATION 73

14.2 ESSENTIAL VARIABLES FOR QUALIFICATION OF BRAZING PERSONNEL 73

14.3 EXTENT OF APPROVAL OF BRAZING QUALIFICATION 73

14.4 INFORMATION TO BE GIVEN TO BRAZER OR BRAZING OPERATOR FOR QUALIFICATION TEST JOINT 73

14.5 QUALIFICATION TEST JOINTS AND TESTING 73

14.6 RECORDING OF BRAZER AND BRAZING OPERATOR QUALIFICATION TESTS 74

14.7 RETESTS 74

14.8 RENEWAL OF BRAZER QUALIFICATION 74

SECTION 15 ALUMINOTHERMIC WELDING OF ELECTRICAL CONDUCTORS 75 APPENDICES A LIST OF REFERENCED DOCUMENTS 76

B WELDING PROCEDURE SPECIFICATION 80

C RECORD OF QUALIFICATION OF WELDING PROCEDURE 83

D TYPICAL FERROUS MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS 85

E MACRO-ETCHING OF WELDED JOINTS 87

F RECORD OF QUALIFIED BRAZING PROCEDURE 88

G BASIS FOR GROUPING OF STEELS 90

H EXAMPLES OF THE APPLICATION OF THIS STANDARD TO PRESSURE VESSEL AND PIPING FABRICATION 93

STANDARDS AUSTRALIA/STANDARDS NEW ZEALAND

Australian/New Zealand Standard Pressure equipment — Welding and brazing qualification

S E C T I O N 1 S C O P E A N D G E N E R A L

1.1 SCOPE This Standard specifies requirements for the qualification of welding andbrazing procedures, welders and brazers, and requirements for production weld testingother than non-destructive examination, when used in the construction, alteration andrepair of boilers, pressure vessels, pressure piping and their components as specified inAS/NZS 1200, AS 1210, AS 1228 and AS 4041

This Standard may apply to automotive LPG fuel vessels (covered by AS/NZS 3509),serially produced pressure vessels (covered by AS 2971) or welded gas cylinders (covered

by AS 2030), when specified by these Standards This Standard does not apply topipelines in accordance with AS 2885 except where referenced

The Standard provides specific details for the following:

(a) Manual metal-arc welding, flux cored arc welding, gas metal-arc welding, gastungsten-arc welding, submerged arc welding, plasma transferred arc welding,electroslag welding and oxy-acetylene welding

(b) Torch brazing, furnace brazing, induction brazing, resistance brazing and dipbrazing

(c) The welding and brazing of carbon, carbon-manganese, and low and high alloysteels; and copper, aluminium, nickel, titanium and alloys of these materials

The principles established in this Standard may be used in the qualification of processes,materials and applications not covered by the above (see also Clause 1.5 and Clause 1.6).For flash butt welding qualification, refer to AS 4413

Specific details for stud welding, electron-beam welding, plasma arc welding, electro-gaswelding, and friction welding processes are not covered by this Standard

Where this Standard makes reference to other Standards, these referenced Standards arenot intended to be limiting or exclusive and other equivalent National Standardsacceptable to the parties concerned may be substituted for the referenced Standards.AS/NZS 1200 provides a list of pressure equipment Standards used in Australia and NewZealand

Compliance with ANSI/ASME Section IX, BS EN 287 or BS EN 288 is deemed as anacceptable alternative to the requirements of this Standard where agreed between theparties concerned Where this Standard (AS/NZS 3992) requires tests not alreadycompleted under these overseas Standards then this can be covered by those additionaltests only, rather than repeating the full set of tests, e.g as part of a production test plate

1.2 APPLICATION This Standard is intended for use by designers, fabricators,welders, brazers, inspection bodies, inspectors, testing authorities and all personsconcerned with the welding and brazing of pressure equipment

Users of this Standard are reminded that it has no legal authority in its own right, but mayacquire legal standing in one or more of the following circumstances:

(a) Adoption by a government or other authority having jurisdiction

(b) Adoption by a purchaser as the required standard of construction when placing acontract.

(c) Adoption where a manufacturer states that pressure equipment is in accordance with

an application Standard which mandates compliance with this Standard

1.3 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS The documents listed in Appendix A are referred

to in this Standard

Where reference is made to a Standard by its number only, the reference applies to thecurrent edition of the Standard Where reference is made to a Standard by number, yearand where relevant an amendment number, the reference applies to that specific document

1.4 DEFINITIONS For the purpose of this Standard, the definitions in AS 2812 andthose below apply

1.4.1 Brazer — a person who performs a manual brazing operation.

1.4.2 Brazing operator — a person who operates furnaces or other automatically

controlled or timed brazing equipment

1.4.3 Essential variables for a welder qualification — those variables in the welding

procedure in which a change outside the limits specified in this Standard is considered toreduce the ability of a welder to make a weld with the required mechanical properties andsoundness, e.g change in welding process or technique, or the deletion of a backing strip,bar or ring

1.4.4 Essential variables for a welding or brazing procedure — those variables in the

welding or brazing procedure in which a change outside the limits specified in thisStandard is considered to affect the mechanical properties of the weld, e.g change inwelding process, consumables, or heat treatment

1.4.5 Fabricator — the person or organization responsible for the welding of the

pressure equipment

NOTE: In this Standard, ‘fabricator’ includes ‘constructor’, ‘assembler’, ‘installer’, and

‘erector’ and is used to embrace all or some of these terms and is applicable to all locations, on

or off site, where components may be fabricated

1.4.6 Inspection body — a body corporate or firm responsible for inspection which may

be any one or more of design verification, fabrication inspection and in-service inspection.NOTE: The manufacturer may be the inspection body when permitted by AS 3920.1

1.4.7 Inspector — a person employed by, or acceptable to, the inspection body for the

purpose of inspecting pressure components in accordance with this Standard

1.4.8 Manufacturer — the person or organization responsible for the design, fabrication

and testing of pressure equipment

1.4.9 Prequalified welding procedure — a documented welding procedure satisfying the

requirements of Section 2 It has the same standing as a qualified welding procedure whenused within the limits specified in Section 2

1.4.10 Pressure equipment — boilers, pressure vessels, pressure piping and their

components covered by AS/NZS 1200

1.4.11 Postweld heat treatment (stress relief) — uniform heating of pressure equipment

or portion thereof to a sufficient temperature below the critical range, followed byuniform cooling, the purpose of which is to relieve the major portion of the residualstresses

procedure which has been conducted, documented, verified, tested and assessed ascomplying with the requirements of this Standard.

NOTE: This definition does not restrict the use of prequalified welding procedures as detailed

in Section 2

1.4.13 Shall — indicates a requirement.

1.4.14 Should — indicates a recommendation.

1.4.15 Test piece — components welded together in accordance with a specified welding

procedure, or a portion of a welded joint detached from a structure, for test

1.4.16 Test specimen — a portion detached from a test piece and prepared, as required,

for testing

1.4.17 Welder qualification test — a documented test, carried out by a welder, working

to an approved welding procedure, to determine the welder’s ability to deposit sound weldmetal using the fabricator’s available equipment

1.4.18 Welding procedure — a specified course of action followed in welding including

a list of materials and, where necessary, tools to be used

1.4.19 Welding procedure specification — a documented qualified welding procedure

prepared to provide direction for making production welds to the requirements of thisStandard

1.4.20 Welding procedure test — the making and testing of a welded jointrepresentative of that to be used in production in order to prove the weldment is capable

of providing the required properties for its intended application

1.4.21 Weld production test — the making and testing of a representative sample of

production welds to check the quality of welds during the manufacture of pressureequipment

1.5 OTHER PROCESSES This Standard does not prohibit the use of processes notspecifically listed in Clause 1.1 Where another process is to be used it shall give a result

at least equal to that set by this Standard

1.6 OTHER MATERIALS Materials not listed in Clause 1.1 may be welded inaccordance with this Standard provided the welding method gives a result at least equal tothis Standard

S E C T I O N 2 P R E Q U A L I F I E D W E L D I N G

P R O C E D U R E S

2.1 GENERAL Welding procedure qualification testing is not required for thecombination of range of materials, welding processes and design conditions given inTable 2.1

Welding procedures which comply with Table 2.1 shall be deemed as prequalified and donot require further qualification in accordance with Sections 3 to 7, provided that —(a) each procedure is documented in accordance with the applicable requirements ofAppendix B;

(b) each procedure has a signed endorsement by the fabricator (see Appendix B);

(c) each procedure is only applicable within the limits of the essential variables listed inTable 5.1; and

(d) each procedure has been used by a welder (named) employed by the fabricator andwho has met the requirements of a welder qualification test (date given) inaccordance with Clause 9.2

The use of prequalified welding procedures does not relieve the fabricator of anyresponsibilities, in respect of the provisions of this Standard, for welder qualification andweld production testing

TABLE 2.1 CONDITIONS FOR PREQUALIFIED WELDING PROCEDURES

Pipe diameter All diameters

Plate or pipe thickness (nominal) 3 mm to 13 mm effective thickness (see Table 5.1)

Parent metal group A1, A2

Carbon equivalent (see Note 1) 0.45% maximum based on actual cast analysis

Welding processes Manual metal-arc, submerged arc, gas tungsten-arc welding and

flux cored arc welding or combination of these processes Design minimum temperature Equal to and above 0°C

Welding consumables See Table 2.2 and Clause 2.2

Weld preparation In accordance with weld preparations detailed in the Table 2.3 Welding position Positions as shown in Figure 5.1

Welding current, voltage and polarity In accordance with consumable supplier’s requirements and

recommendations Preheat temperature Above 0°C

Travel speed Runout length for manual electrodes ≤ 1 (see Note 2) Submerged

arc welding between 200 mm/min and 600 mm/min Initial and interrun cleaning Free from any materials which may impair the weld quality Storage and handling of welding

consumables

In accordance with the pressure equipment Standard and the consumable supplier’s requirements and recommendations NOTES:

C + Mn

6 = 0.42 percent maximum applies.

2 Runout length = length of weld run

length of electrode consumed

PREQUALIFIED WELDING CONSUMABLES (See Note 1)

GTAW to

AS 1167.2

MMAW to AS/NZS 1553.1

SAW to

AS 1858.1

FCAW to ASME Sect II C Spec SFA-5.20

Classification

R1 to R7

inclusive

Classification E41XX E48XX (see Note 2)

Classification W40XY W50XY

Classification E6XT–G E7XT–G, 1, 4–9, 11, 12 NOTES:

1 The specified minimum tensile strength of the welding consumables shall be not less

than the specified minimum tensile strength of the parent metal unless the actual tensile

strength is proven by a subsequent transverse tensile test.

2 E4810 and E4811 electrodes and alloy electrodes are not permitted.

LEGEND:

GTAW = gas tungsten-arc welding

MMAW = manual metal-arc welding

SAW = submerged-arc welding

FCAW = flux cored-arc welding

2.2 PREQUALIFIED GASES For GTAW welding argon gas of ‘welding quality’ onlyshall be used for a prequalified welding procedure The maximum impurity content shallnot exceed 1 part in 2000 by volume (i.e the gas shall be at least 99.95 percent pure)

For FCAW shielding gases as recommended and qualified by the consumablemanufacturer

2.3 ALUMINOTHERMIC WELDING For pre-qualified welding procedures ofaluminothermic welding, see Section 15

TABLE 2.3 WELDING PREPARATIONS FOR PREQUALIFIED WELD PROCEDURES

(SEE NOTES 1, 2 and 3)

Item Joint type Joint form

(sectional view)

Dimensions of joint Thickness

Root face

single-V butt joint

with backing strip.

1 All welded preparations are applicable to one of the welding processes (or combinations) permitted in Table 2.1.

2 Branch welds are qualified by butt welds using maximum parent metal thickness nominated for t above.

3 The use of minimum angle should be associated with maximum radius or gap and conversely the minimum radius or gap should be associated with the maximum angle.

4 Indicate in welding procedure specification whether backing strip is intermittent or continuous welded.

(a) prove the suitability of the welding procedure for the material used in theconstruction;

(b) prove that the weld can be laid without unacceptable defects in the weld deposit andheat affected zone;

(c) prove that the mechanical properties, such as strength, and if applicable fracturetoughness and hardness, satisfy specified requirements; and

(d) demonstrate the fabricator’s organization is capable of successfully using thisprocedure

Requirements to satisfy other parameters such as microstructure or corrosion resistance forspecific service requirements may be specified by the purchaser Such requirements areoutside of the scope of this Standard

Only qualified welding procedures shall be used in the fabrication of pressure equipment.NOTE: The welding procedure qualification test may also be used to qualify a welder (seeSection 9)

3.2 METHODS OF QUALIFICATION OF WELDING PROCEDURE Qualification

of a welding procedure shall be carried out by one of the following methods:

(a) The making and testing of a procedure test weld in accordance with therequirements of Sections 6 and 7

(b) Simultaneously with the welding and testing of a production test plate or pipeprovided that testing is carried out in accordance with Section 7

(c) Using a prequalified welding procedure in accordance with Section 2

Option (b) above is recognized as being the most representative of production weldingand should be endorsed whenever the fabricator prefers such action However productionwelds, carried out in conjunction with the proving of a welding procedure which fails tomeet the requirements of this Standard, shall be rejected

3.3 RECORDING OF WELDING PROCEDURE DATA Each procedure shall berecorded in detail, by the fabricator, with the results of qualification tests (see Appendix Cfor recommended form of record), and these records shall be accessible to the inspector(and purchaser where required) The qualification of a welding procedure shall be carriedout to the satisfaction of the inspection body where required by AS 3920.1 (and purchaserwhere required) who may require that it witness qualification tests For all pressureequipment, the welding procedure test weld should be witnessed by an inspector (seeClause 3.7 for reciprocity of qualified welding procedures)

3.4 TESTING OF WELDING PROCEDURE TEST WELDS The type, number, andmethods of tests required to prove the suitability of the welding procedure for the welding

of joints in the components shall be in accordance with this Standard Where necessary,additional tests may be required to assess corrosion resistance or other properties of aweld joint

3.5 REQUALIFICATION OF A WELDING PROCEDURE Provided that there are

no changes in the essential variables (as listed in Section 5), a qualified weldingprocedure shall remain in force indefinitely Requalification of a welding procedure isonly required where there is any change in the essential variables as specified inSection 5

However, this Standard does not invalidate previous welding procedure approvals made toformer national Standards or specifications providing the intent of the technicalrequirements is satisfied and the previous procedure approvals are relevant to theapplication and production work on which they are to be employed

Also, where additional tests have to be carried out to make the approval technicallyequivalent, it is only necessary to do the additional tests on a test piece which should bemade in accordance with this Standard

3.6 PORTABILITY OF QUALIFIED WELDING PROCEDURES A weldingprocedure qualified by one fabricator shall be valid for use by a second fabricatorprovided that —

(a) the original qualification tests were carried out in accordance with this Standard,and were fully documented;

(b) the second fabricator has adequate equipment and facilities and demonstratessuccessful welding of welder qualification tests or production tests using theprocedure;

(c) the application of the welding procedure is acceptable to both fabricators and thepurchaser; and

(d) the welding procedure identifies the original and second fabricator

3.7 RECIPROCITY OF QUALIFIED WELDING PROCEDURES Weldingprocedure tests carried out in accordance with this Standard and witnessed by an inspector

or inspection body representative shall be accepted by other inspection agencies, providedthat, the inspector witnesses the making of the test piece and signs the procedurequalification record (PQR) and the procedure has been successfully applied by thefabricator in production welding and is not otherwise specified by the purchaser

3.8 WELDING PROCEDURE SPECIFICATION For production welding, a weldingprocedure specification shall be prepared listing all necessary information for productionwelds to be made to the requirements of this Standard This specification shall includeessential variables together with any acceptable ranges for such variables, and any othervariables which may affect the soundness of the welded joint

An example of the requirements for a welding procedure specification is given inAppendix B Other methods of presentation of a welding procedure specification areacceptable provided that they contain all relevant information to satisfy the requirements

of this Clause for production welds

3.9 WELDING PROCEDURES FOR REPAIR WELDING Visual or non-destructiveexamination which reveals non-acceptable imperfections in equipment which has not beensubject to service environment shall be repaired Such repair welding shall be carried out

to the original welding procedure or where this is not practicable, to a repair procedureapproved to this Standard

EQUIPMENT Where repairs, replacement, modifications or alterations are made bywelding to pressure equipment that is or has been in service, the welding shall complywith the requirements of AS/NZS 3788 and AS 2873 (when applicable) and the following:(a) For material, which has not been deteriorated by service environment, the weldingprocedure shall be qualified in accordance with this Standard.

(b) For equipment which shows material deterioration by creep, hydrogenembrittlement, temper embrittlement, fatigue, erosion, or other forms ofdeterioration as referenced in AS/NZS 3788, a repair welding procedure shall only

be effected after the cause of the deterioration has been ascertained and taken intoaccount to ensure a satisfactory repair procedure Such a welding procedure must becapable of producing acceptable welds on the deteriorated material

(c) For hot tapping repair procedures, a similar approach to Item (b) shall beundertaken In addition, all precautions shall be taken during the hot tapping repairprocedures to ensure the safety of the welding personnel and the repair procedureshave been adequately reviewed

S E C T I O N 4 I T E M S T O B E R E C O R D E D

F O R W E L D I N G P R O C E D U R E T E S T W E L D S

4.1 GENERAL The following items shall be recorded for each welding procedure test:(a) Welding process, or processes when more than one is used, in making a completejoint

(b) Parent metal specification and group number, thickness; and for pipe, the outsidediameter or outside dimensions

(c) Weld joint detail, including sketch

(d) Initial and interrun method for cleaning, degreasing, etc

(e) Welding position and direction of weld travel

(f) Classification of welding consumables (filler metal material specification and size).(g) Preheating and interrun temperature ranges, including method and control

(h) Approximate number and arrangement of runs and welding sequence, includingsketch and string or weave technique, as applicable

(i) Back gouging or reverse side treatment, when applicable

(j) Postweld heat treatment, temperature and holding time

(k) Special features applicable to a specific welding procedure not covered in Table 4.1.(l) Name of fabricator responsible for carrying out the procedure test

(m) Name (and number) of welder performing the test weld

4.2 ITEMS SPECIFIC TO NOMINATED WELDING PROCESSES The items listed

in Table 4.1, in relation to a specific welding process, shall be recorded for each weldingprocedure test in addition to those items in Clause 4.1

4.3 RECORDING OF WELDING PROCEDURE TEST WELDS A record of thewelding procedure test welds shall be retained by the fabricator A recommended form forthe recording of welding procedure test welds is given in Appendix C

ITEMS SPECIFIC TO NOMINATED WELDING PROCESSES

Item to be recorded Welding process (see Note)

Tungsten electrode (diameter and type) X

Number of electrodes and configuration X X

Special baking temperature of electrodes X

LEGEND:

MMAW = manual metal-arc welding.

GTAW = gas tungsten-arc welding.

GMAW = gas metal-arc welding.

SAW = submerged arc welding.

ESW = electroslag welding.

GW = oxy-acetylene (gas) welding.

FCAW = flux cored arc welding.

PTAW = plasma transferred arc welding.

X = item to be recorded when applicable.

NOTE: For multi-wire arc processes record details for each wire

Table 5.3 uses the material grouping system applied throughout the Australian pressureequipment Standards The basis for the grouping of ferrous material is given inAppendix G.

NOTE: Some examples of the application of essential variables to welding procedures forpressure equipment construction are given in Appendix H

TABLE 5.1 ESSENTIAL VARIABLES FOR WELDING PROCEDURE QUALIFICATION

1 Parent material specification

(see Note 1)

A change from a material group to any other material group or for a combination of material groups, as listed in Table 5.3, except as permitted in Table 5.2

2 Parent material thickness and

form (see Notes 2 and 3)

Material thicknesses outside the limits given in Table 5.4 where ‘t’ is

dependent on joint details as given in Table 5.6

3 Weld joint detail (see Note 4) Omission of backing strip or consumable backing ring in a butt joint.

For fillet welds, see Clause 6.1.2

4 Welding position and weld

direction (see Note 5)

(a) When impact tests are not required, change to or from vertical down

(b) When impact tests are required, any change in fundamental welding position (flat, horizontal — vertical, vertical and overhead), or change in weld direction (see Figures 5.1 and 5.2)

5 Welding consumables (see

(c) For ferrous metals only, a variation of the alloy content of the weld metal outside of the specified range of the welding consumables used in the procedure test except that for carbon and carbon manganese steels the addition or deletion of 0.5%

molybdenum from the weld metal composition shall not require requalification

(d) For flux cored arc welding and gas metal-arc welding, any change

in flux formulations (e.g rutile, basic or metal core) other than that which varies iron powder content only (see Note 7) (e) For submerged arc welding:

(i) a change in flux classification as listed in AS 1858.1; or (ii) a change from a flux recommended for one to three weld runs

to a multi-pass flux or vice versa

(continued)

Item Essential variable

5 Welding consumables (see

Note 6) (continued)

(f) A change in the nominal composition of a shielding or backing gas; or a decrease in gas flow rate of the shielding gas by more than 10%

6 Welding process (see Note 8) A change in welding processes or combination of welding processes

7 Welding energy input (see

8 Welding current and polarity

(see Note 10)

For all processes, any change in the type of welding current and polarity

9 Preheat and interrun temperature (a) An increase of more than 50°C —

(i) for Groups F and G steels; or (ii) when impact tests are required on the weld or heat affected zone.

(b) An increase of more than 100°C in preheat or interrun temperature for all other ferrous materials

(c) A decrease of more than 50°C in preheat or interrun temperature for all ferrous materials provided that the temperature is not less than that defined in Note 3 and that specified in the welding procedure specification

10 Delayed cooling Any change in the control of cooling rate after welding when specified

in the qualified welding procedure

11 Postweld heat treatment For steel groups A1, A2, A3, B, C, D1, D2, E, F, G and H, a change in

postweld heat treatment which requires the deletion of postweld heat treatment, or the addition of any of the following:

(a) Postweld heat treatment within the specified range of the application Standard

(b) Postweld heat treatment above the upper transformation temperature (e.g normalizing)

(c) Postweld heat treatment above the upper transformation temperature followed by heat treatment below the lower transformation temperature (e.g normalizing or quenching followed by tempering)

(d) Postweld heat treatment between the upper and lower transformation temperatures

For all other materials, a change in postweld heat treatment which requires -the deletion of postweld heat treatment; or the addition of postweld heat treatment within a temperature range

NOTES TO TABLE 5.1:

1 For Group K and M materials, requalification of a welding procedure is required when specific corrosion resistance tests are required or where parent metal impact tests are required by the pressure equipment Standard for cryogenic service In such instances the procedure is only applicable to the stainless steel grade of material used in the procedure test Refer to Appendix D for typical ferrous material specifications.

2 A change from flat to tubular form of product or vice versa is not an essential variable.

3 Where the parent metal thickness of the production weld differs from that used in the test weld adjustment should be made to achieve a satisfactory cooling rate by complying with the preheats listed

in the pressure equipment Standard, or Welding Technology Institute of Australia Tech Note 1.

4 Single or double V, J, U or bevel or a square butt may be changed without requalification provided the form of the weld preparation is in agreement with recommended joint detail as listed in the pressure equipment Standards.

5 For the limits of deviation from fundamental welding positions, see AS 3545.

6 Where impact testing of weld metals is required by the application Standard, any change in filler metal group F number shall require requalification (See Table 5.5.)

7 ‘All-positional’ coating or flux core formulations do not require requalification for single position welds provided there is no designated increase in the deposited weld metal hydrogen content.

8 For multi-process procedures, each welding process may be approved separately or in combination with other processes Similarly, one or more processes may be deleted from an approved welding procedure provided the joint thickness is within the thickness range of the remaining process or processes See also Item 8 Table 9.1.

9 Welding energy input is determined from the following equation:

Q = 60EI

v × 103

where

Q = welding energy input, in kilojoules per millimetre

E = arc voltage, in volts (r.m.s value for a.c.)

I = welding current, in amperes (r.m.s value for a.c.)

v = welding speed, in millimetres per minute

10 For gas metal-arc welding this includes a change from spray arc, globular arc or pulsating arc to short-circuiting arc or vice versa.

PROCEDURE QUALIFICATION OF OTHER MATERIAL GROUPS

Material group(s) of original

qualified welding procedure

Other material groups or combinations of steel

groups (see Note 1)

A1 to A1 A1 to A2 (see Note 2(b)); A2 to A2 (see Note 2)

A1 to A2 A1 to A1; A2 to A2 (see Note 2)

K to A1, A2, B, C, D1 or D2 K to any lower ferritic steel group provided nickel based

alloy welding consumables are used (see Table 5.5) NOTES:

1 Appropriate compliance with Item 5(b) of Table 5.1 is required.

2 Qualification of a welding procedure using A1 to A1 (or A1 to A2) as the steel group

originally qualified is only permitted for A2 materials if —

(a) the test values of transverse tensile test, all weld metal tensile test, and notch bar

impact tests, when required, exceed the minimum properties required for A2 group

materials; and

(b) weld preheat temperatures are applied in accordance with the requirement of

AS 4458 or WTIA Technical Note 1 Where a production test plate is required,

other pre-heat temperatures are permitted.

3 D2 is limited to less than 3% Cr.

4 When welding Group A1, A2 or B material to Group D2, the postweld heat treatment

temperature shall not exceed 700°C.

TABLE 5.3 PARENT MATERIAL GROUPING

Material

group Material type

Typical nominal compositions or

specifications

ANSI/ASME BPV-IX classification P

number

Group number Ferrous materials (see Note 1)

Carbon steel

A1 Carbon and carbon-manganese steel

(low strength) (see Note 2)

AS 1548: 7-430, 7-460 AS/NZS 1594: HU300, HA 300/1

A2 Carbon and carbon-manganese steel

(medium strength) (see Note 3)

AS 1548: 5-490, 7-490 1 2 A3 Carbon and carbon-manganese steel

Low alloy steel

B Alloy steel (alloy <¾) C-½Mo; ½Cr-½Mo; 1Mn-½Mo 3 1, 2, 3

C Alloy steel (¾ ≤ total alloy < 3) 1Cr-½Mo; 1¼Cr-½Mo;

¾Cr-¾Ni-Cu-A1

4 1, 2 D1 Alloy steel (vanadium type) ½Cr-½Mo-¼V — — D2 Alloy steel (3 ≤ total alloy < 10) 2¼Cr-1Mo; 5Cr-½Mo; 7Cr- 1 ⁄ 2 Mo;

9Cr-1Mo

5 1, 2

G Quenched and tempered low alloy

steel

ASTM A 517; AS 3597:700 PV 11B 1 to 8

High alloy steel

H Martensitic chromium steel 13Cr (Type 410); 15Cr (Type 429) 6 1,2, 3, 4

J Ferritic high chromium steel

(11–13Cr)

12Cr-Al (Type 405) 13Cr-Low C (Type 410S)

K Austenitic chromium-nickel steel 18Cr-8Ni (Type 304)

18Cr-12Ni-2.5Mo (Type 316) 18Cr-10Ni-Ti (Type 321)

Aluminium and aluminium alloys

Al 21 Aluminium and its alloys 1000 series

and 3003

Al (99.0 min) and Al-1.25Mn 21 —

Al 22 Aluminium alloys 3004 and low

Copper and copper alloys

Cu 31 Copper (min 99.0Cu) 99.9Cu + Ag 31 —

Cu 33 Copper-silicon alloys CU-3.3Si 33 —

Cu 35 Aluminium bronze alloys (> 5Al) Cu-11Al 35 —

(continued)

group Material type

Typical nominal compositions or

specifications

ANSI/ASME BPV-IX classification P

number

Group number Nickel and nickel alloys

Ni 41 Nickel and low carbon nickel 99.0Ni 41 —

Ni 42 Nickel-copper alloy 67Ni-30Cu only 42 —

1 See Appendix D for a list of common material specifications cross-referenced to material group.

2 For these steels, an upper limit of 580 MPa applies to the actual tensile strength reported on the material certificate.

3 For these steels, an upper limit of 620 MPa applies to the actual tensile strength reported on the material certificate.

TABLE 5.4 RANGE OF MATERIAL THICKNESS QUALIFIED

Range of material thickness qualified (Notes 1 and 2)

2 Single-run or multi-run welding where any run is greater

3 Gas metal arc welding with short circuiting arc transfer 1.5 mm to 1.1t

4 Single or multi-run manual metal-arc (except for Item 2),

submerged arc, gas-tungsten arc, gas metal-arc welding

except short-circuiting arc transfer and flux cored-arc

1 t = thickness of test plate or pipe.

2 Pre-heat shall comply with Note 3 to Table 5.1.

3 Where impact tests are required, the minimum thickness qualified is —

(a) 0.5t when the test plate thickness (t) < 15 mm; and

(b) 15 mm when test plate thickness (t)≥ 15 mm.

TABLE 5.5 FILLER METAL GROUP CLASSIFICATION

F

number Welding process Welding consumable description (see Notes 1 and 2)

Relevant Australian welding consumable (see Note 3)

ASME BPV Code Sect II Part C Spec No. Classification Ferrous materials

F1 MMAW High iron powder or iron oxide

electrode for carbon and carbon manganese and low alloy steels

AS/NZS 1553.1 SFA 5.1 & 5.5 EXX20, EXX22,

ESXX24, EXX27, EXX28

F2 MMAW High titania (rutile) electrode for

carbon and carbon manganese and low alloy steels

AS/NZS 1553.1 SFA 5.1 & 5.51 EXX12, EXX13,

EXX14, EXX19 F3 MMAW High cellulose electrode for carbon

and carbon manganese and low alloy steels

AS/NZS 1553.1 SFA 5.1 & 5.5 EXX10, EXX11

F4 MMAW Hydrogen controlled basic electrode

for carbon and carbon manganese and low alloy steels

AS/NZS 1553.1 SFA 5.1 & 5.5 EXX15, EXX16,

EXX18, EXX48 MMAW Hydrogen controlled basic electrode

for high chromium other than austenitic and duplex steels

EXX17 F5 MMAW Hydrogen controlled basic electrode

for high alloy austenitic and duplex steels

manganese steels

Copper and copper alloys

GMAW

Copper rod (Copper 98% minimum)

AS 1167.2 Table 6 SFA 5.7 ER Cu

GMAW Copper silicon rod (silicon bronze) AS 1167.2 Table 6 SFA 5.7 ER Cu Si-A

(continued)

ASME BPV Code Sect II Part C Spec No. Classification

Copper and copper alloys (continued)

Nickel and nickel based alloys

F41 MMAW Nickel welding electrode

(nickel 92% minimum)

GMAW

GTAW

F42 MMAW Nickel copper welding electrode

F43 MMAW Nickel chromium iron and nickel

chromium molybdenum electrode

chromium molybdenum electrodes

electrode

E Ni Cr Mo-9 GMAW

1 F-number grouping of consumables is based primarily on their useability characteristics, which largely determine the ability of welders to make satisfactory welds with a given filler metal The grouping is made to reduce the number of welding procedure and performance qualifications, where this can logically be done.

Grouping is not to imply the parent metals or filler metals within a group may be indiscriminately substituted for a metal which was used in the qualification test without consideration of the compatibility of the parent and filler metals in respect of metallurgical properties, postweld heat treatment, design and service requirements, and mechanical properties See also Table 5.1, Item 5(b).

2 It is a requirement that consumables are to be used within the limits of the applicable weld consumable Standards.

3 For classification of the consumable, use the equivalent of the ASME classification in the right hand column.

TABLE 5.6 PARENT MATERIAL THICKNESS FOR VARIOUS JOINT CONFIGURATIONS

Type of weld Typical weld preparation Parent material thickness for

Item 2 Table 5.1 Butt welds

Type of weld Typical weld preparation Parent material thickness for

Type of weld Typical weld preparation Parent material thickness for

Item 2 Table 5.1 Attachments to studded connections

Partial penetration weld to shell

b 1 and b 2 = throat thickness 4.3

Greater of f1and f2

Fillet weld to shell

Attachments to shell welds

2 Electrode angle shown is nominal and may be varied in practice.

FIGURE 5.1 FUNDAMENTAL WELDING POSITIONS

1 All welds are performed with the workpiece in the fixed position.

2 For convenience only round pipe is illustrated.

FIGURE 5.2 VARIATIONS TO THE FUNDAMENTAL WELDING POSITIONS IN PIPE

S E C T I O N 6 W E L D T E S T P I E C E S

6.1 TEST PIECES

6.1.1 When required When a welding procedure or production weld test is required anappropriate test piece shall be prepared to assess the mechanical properties of the joint.For weld overlay procedure qualification tests, see Section 8

6.1.2 Form A test piece shall consist of one of the following:

(a) A butt joint (plate or pipe) as shown in Figure 6.1 or Figure 6.2

(b) A fillet weld (plate) as shown in Figure 6.3

Tests on butt welds qualify welding procedures for use on branch welds and fillet welds,except that for fillet welds, tests as shown in Figure 6.3 are required where doubt exists as

to whether butt welds adequately assess the properties of fillet welds, e.g joints underhigh restraint

Fillet welds qualified by a fillet weld or butt weld test may be used in all fillet weld sizes

in all base metal thicknesses and in all diameters, provided all other essential variables arecomplied with

6.1.3 Dimensions The dimensions and number of test pieces shall be such as toprovide for the appropriate test specimens given in Table 6.1 for qualification of weldingprocedures and Table 10.1 for production welds

Figures 6.4 and 6.5 show typical layouts of test pieces for plates and pipes respectively.Additional test specimens may be required to fully assess a welding procedure when any

of the following conditions apply:

(a) Soundness in joints with restrictive access for welding

(b) Severe thermal restraint

(c) Joints which may produce lamellar tearing

(d) Special fillet shapes or fillet welds between dissimilar metals especially whenservice requirements are in corrosive environments

6.1.4 Preparation Test pieces shall be prepared using the appropriate weldingprocedure and conditions

Test pieces shall be suitably identified

Surface defects in completed test welds shall not be repaired or dressed prior to visualexamination by the fabricator

6.1.5 Assessment Test pieces shall be assessed in the following manner and sequence:(a) Visual examination

(b) Non-destructive examination using the same methods as those proposed for theassessment of production welds

(c) Destructive tests

The assessment may be stopped at any stage when the results are unsatisfactory

Final non-destructive examination shall not be carried out until 24 h after the weld hasbeen completed for crack sensitive materials as defined in AS 4037

NUMBER OF TEST SPECIMENS REQUIRED FOR WELDING

PROCEDURE QUALIFICATION

Test specimen

Butt joint in plate Butt joint in pipe Fillet

weld in plate (Note 2)

Fillet weld in pipe Thickness Thickness

<10 mm ≥10 mm <10 mm ≥10 mm

Transverse tensile (Notes 4, 5 & 6) 1 1 1 2 — —

All-weld-metal tensile (Notes 7 & 12) — 1 — — — —

Root bend (Notes 5, 8, & 9) 1 1 2 1 — —

Face bend (Notes 5 & 8) 1 (Note 14) — 1 (Note 14) — — —

Fillet weld fracture (for test piece with

Impact test (Charpy V) weld

For requirements see Notes 10 and 11 Impact test (Charpy V) HAZ

Chemical analysis See Note 13

3 The hardness survey shall only be undertaken when required by Clauses 7.9 and 8.3.5.

4 For material over 30 mm thickness additional test specimens may be required to ensure that the full weld thickness is subject to test.

5 For aluminium alloys, parent metal in tempered (thermally treated) condition test pieces shall be naturally aged at 15°C to 25°C for three days prior to testing.

6 Where postweld heat treatment is to be applied to Group Al 23 alloys, the value obtained in the tensile test shall equal or exceed that used for design purposes specified in the pressure equipment Standard.

7 An additional test piece for elevated temperature testing is necessary when required by the pressure equipment Standard.

8 For a butt joint in plate when the weld metal and parent metal differ markedly in bending properties, either between dissimilar parent metals or between weld metal and parent metal, two longitudinal bend test specimens may be used instead of root and face or side bend tests, in which case the side to be placed in tension shall be recorded.

9 Required only for a butt joint made from one side only in plate or of pipe.

10 Impact tests on weld metal and HAZ are only required when specified in Table 7.2.

11 Where the test piece thickness exceeds 40 mm an additional set of three tests are to be made on specimens taken approximately midway between the centre and both surfaces to give a measure of the properties at various positions through the thickness (see Figure 7.1).

12 Required only for Group A3 carbon and carbon manganese steels and for alloy steel butt welds in material over 10 mm thickness used for —

(a) Class 1 boilers to AS 1228; or

(b) Classes 1, 1H and 2H vessels (AS 1210) and Class 1 piping (AS 4041) where the weld metal strength

may undermatch the parent metal strength The weld metal strength may be Rm, Reor Ret, whichever

determines the design strength ‘f’ See Clause 7.5.2 for acceptance criteria.

Examples are as follows:

(i) The welds in Groups F and G steels.

(ii) The use of consumables with specified minimum strength, equal to or less than the specified minimum strength of the parent material.

(iii) The use of consumables with strength specified or not proven.

13 Chemical analysis of weld deposit is only required by agreement and only on ferritic steel weld deposits of material Groups B to E inclusive for principal alloy elements only The alloy content shall comply with the analysis limits of the welding consumables.

14 For double-sided welds, bend tests are required for both first and second side welded.

6.2 VISUAL EXAMINATION Prior to carrying out non-destructive examination asrequired by Clause 6.3, all completed test pieces shall be subjected to visual examinationand shall comply with the requirements of AS 4458

When visual examination reveals defects outside the acceptance limits of the pressureequipment Standard, the test piece is not acceptable as a welder qualification test weld

6.3 NON-DESTRUCTIVE EXAMINATION OF TEST PIECES Radiographic orultrasonic examination shall be carried out for welding procedure qualification and forcombined welding procedure and welder qualification test pieces, in accordance with thepressure equipment Standard The purpose of the examination is to ensure that only soundweld metal is subjected to the destructive tests Weld metal or parent metal cracking ofany type shall be cause for rejection of the test piece

When non-destructive examination reveals defects outside the acceptance limits of thepressure equipment Standard, the test piece is not acceptable as a welder qualification testweld, nor as a procedure qualification test weld where the defects are not attributed to thewelder

6.4 POSTWELD HEAT TREATMENT

6.4.1 Test piece The welding procedure qualification test piece shall be subjected toany postweld heat treatment applied to the finished component

6.4.2 Heat treatment parameters Heat treatment parameters shall comply with

AS 4458 and the welding procedure

6.4.3 Operation The postweld heat treatment operation, when required by the pressureequipment Standard, shall be carried out before final non-destructive examination forGroups D1, F, G, H, J, K, L and M materials

DIMENSIONS IN MILLIMETRES

FIGURE 6.3 RECOMMENDED TEST PIECE FOR FILLET WELD IN PLATE

1 For plates over 30 mm thick, additional specimens may be required, see Clause 7.4.1, 7.5.1 and 7.7.1.

2 For type of bend test required, see Clause 7.6.1.

3 Impact tests are only required when specified by Table 7.2.

4 Not required when test plate is radiographed.

5 The nick-break specimen is not referenced in Table 6.1 for use in the testing of welding procedure test pieces It is referenced in this Figure and Clause 7.11 for convenience when production weld testing is required (see Section 10).

FIGURE 6.4 TYPICAL LAYOUT OF TEST SPECIMENS TAKEN FROM

WELDED PLATE TEST PIECES

FIGURE 6.5 TYPICAL LAYOUT OF TEST SPECIMENS TAKEN FROM

PIPE TEST PIECES