Assignment 1 1633 GCH200854

Đây là mẫu mới nhất tháng 112022 đảm bảo pass môn. ASSIGNMENT 1 Website Design Development Submission date 6 8 2022 Date Received 1st submission 6 8 2022 Re submission Date.In this part, you must present users’ requirements of your system. To make it simpler to understand for the CEO, you can use the format of User Story below to describe the requirements As a < type of user >, I want < some goal > so that < some reason >. The system must have at least 4 user roles, including business processes for FPT Shop managers, directors board and customers. The system must include CRUD actions (Create Read UpdateDelete) and at least 5 advanced statistical action (Word limit: 300 – 500 words)

ASSIGNMENT 1

Qualification BTEC Level 5 HND Diploma in Computing

Unit number and title 10: Website Design & Development

Submission date 6-8-2022 Date Received 1st submission 6-8-2022

 Summative Feedback:  Resubmission Feedback:

Signature & Date:

1.4 Explain the purpose of Server hardware 7

1.5 Explain the purpose of Operating systems 9

1.6 Explain the purpose of Web server software 10

1.7 Explain the relationship between technologies above with regards to designing, publishing and accessing a website 12

1.8 Evaluate technical notes on all of the topics above 13

2 Website technologies, tools and software 13

2.1 The capabilities and relationships between front-end and back-end website technologies 13

2.2 Explain how these relate to presentation and application layers 16

2.3 Review Front End technologies 16

2.4 Review Back End technologies 21

2.5 Review Databases 27

2.6 Review IDEs 28

2.7 Review CMS 29

2.8 Review Website Builders 30

2.9 Evaluate technical notes on all of the topics above 33 References 34

1 Server technologies and management services

1.1 Identify the purpose and types of DNS

DNS stands for the phrase Domain Name System, which has the full meaning of the domain name resolution system In the most succinct way, DNS is basically a system of converting the website domain names we are using, in the form of www.tenmien.com to a digital IP address corresponding to that domain name and vice versa

Functionally, DNS can be understood as an "interpreter" and "communicator of information" DNS will do the job of translating the domain name into an IP address consisting of 4 different groups of numbers

DNS Server Types and Roles

In fact, there are a total of about 4 servers participating in the domain name resolution system, including:

- Root Name Servers:

Also commonly referred to as Name Server This is the most important server in the DNS hierarchy You can also understand that, Root Name Server is a library to guide your search

Following the actual process, after receiving a request from the DNS Recursive Resolver, the Root Name Server will respond that it should look in specific top-level domain name servers ( TLD Name Servers )

- DNS Recursor

As mentioned above, this "hardware" acts as a diligent worker, taking on the task of retrieving and returning information to the

browser to find the right information they need In other words, DNS Recursor is responsible for communicating with other servers to respond to the user's browser Of course, in the process of getting information, sometimes it will also need the help of Root DNS Server

- TLD Nameserver

When you want to access Google or Facebook, usually your extension will be “.com” right? So I want you to know that it is one of the Top-level Domains And the Server for this type of Top-level domain is called TLD Nameserver This is the manager of the entire information system of a common domain name extension

In sequence, the TLD Name Server responds from the DNS Resolver, then presents it to an Authoritative DNS Server – or the official repository of that domain's data source

- Authoritative Nameserver

When the DNS Resolver finds the Authoritative Nameserver, that's when the domain name resolution takes place

The Authoritative Name Server, on the other hand, contains information that indicates what address the domain name is associated with It will provide the Recursive Resolver with the necessary IP address found in its records directory

Domains are managed by using a worldwide system of domain registrars and databases The Domain Name System (DNS) provides a mapping between human-readable computer hostnames and the IP addresses used by networking equipment An understanding of DNS and domain registrar basics will help Account Administrators manage domains for SaaS applications and services, including

Google Apps for Business and Microsoft Office 365 for professionals and small businesses It’s helpful to have a basic understanding

of DNS and the difference between domain registrars and domain hosting services Understanding these terms can help you

understand how to register and manage domains

Domain names are organized in specialized databases These databases are part of the worldwide system of domain registrars The mapping of IP names corresponding to human-readable hostnames is done via DNS (Domain Name System) The domain names are a combination of second-level domains and top-level domains The second-level domain is the human-readable hostname of the domain The other type Top-level domains are categorized into three types of top-level domains: gTLD, ccTLD and nTLD

Domain names are registered via The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers ICANN So, the management of these domains’ rests with the ICANN It deals with assigning IP addresses (iNET, 2022)

1.3 Explain the purpose of Communication protocols

Definition: Communication protocols are formal descriptions of digital message formats and rules They are required to exchange messages in or between computing systems Communication protocols are important in telecommunications systems and other

systems because they create consistency and universality for the sending and receiving of messages

Communications protocols can cover authentication, error detection and correction, and signaling They can also describe the syntax, semantics, and synchronization of analog and digital communications

Communications protocols are implemented in hardware and software There are thousands of communications protocols that are used everywhere in analog and digital communications Computer networks cannot exist without them

Before successful transmission can take place, networked communications devices have to agree on many physical aspects of the data that is to be exchanged Rules defining data transmissions are called "protocols."

There are many properties of a transmission that a protocol can define For example, properties addressed with protocols may include:

 Packet size

 Error correction types

Popular protocols include: File Transfer Protocol (FTP), TCP/IP, User Datagram Protocol (UDP), Hypertext Transfer Protocol

(HTTP), Post Office Protocol (POP3), Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP), Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)

A communication protocol is a system of rules that allows two or more entities of a communications system to transmit information via any kind of variation of a physical quantity The protocol defines the rules, syntax, semantics and synchronization of

communication and possible error recovery methods (FAQ-ANS, 2021)

1.4 Explain the purpose of Server hardware

Definition: Server Hardware means the computer hardware provided by CentralSquare on which the Licensed Software has been installed by CentralSquare and which operates in a local area network that runs administrative software which controls access to all or part of the network and its resources and makes such resources available to computers acting as workstations on the network

Servers are made up of several different components and subcomponents At the hardware level, servers are typically made up of a rack mount chassis containing a power supply, a system board, one or more CPUs, memory, storage, a network interface and a power supply

Most server hardware supports out-of-band management through a dedicated network port Out-of-band management enables low- level management and monitoring of the server, independently of the operating system Out-of-band management systems can be used

to remotely power the server on or off, to install an operating system, and to perform health monitoring

1.5 Explain the purpose of Operating systems

The purpose of operating systems is to manage computer memory, processes and the operation of all hardware and software An operating system is the most important software on a computer as it enables the computer hardware to communicate effectively with all other computer software (Gupta, 2018)

Program Execution: The Operating System is responsible for execution of all types of programs whether it be user programs or system programs The Operating System utilises various resources available for the efficient running of all types of functionalities

Handling Input/Output Operations: The Operating System is responsible for handling all sort of inputs, i.e, from keyboard, mouse, desktop, etc The Operating System does all interfacing in the most appropriate manner regrading all kind of Inputs and Outputs

For example, there is difference in nature of all types of peripheral devices such as mouse or keyboard, then Operating System is responsible for handling data between them

Manipulation of File System: The Operating System is responsible for making of decisions regarding the storage of all types of data or files, i.e, floppy disk/hard disk/pen drive, etc The Operating System decides as how the data should be manipulated and stored

Error Detection and Handling: The Operating System is responsible for detection of any types of error or bugs that can occur while any task The well secured OS sometimes also acts as countermeasure for preventing any sort of breach to the Computer System from any external source and probably handling them

Resource Allocation: The Operating System ensures the proper use of all the resources available by deciding which resource to be used by whom for how much time All the decisions are taken by the Operating System

Accounting: The Operating System tracks an account of all the functionalities taking place in the computer system at a time All the details such as the types of errors occurred are recorded by the Operating System

Information and Resource Protection: The Operating System is responsible for using all the information and resources available on the machine in the most protected way The Operating System must foil an attempt from any external resource to hamper any sort of data

or information

1.6 Explain the purpose of Web server software

Definition: A web server is a computer that runs websites It's a computer program that distributes web pages as they are requisitioned The basic objective of the web server is to store, process and deliver web pages to the users This intercommunication is done using Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) These web pages are mostly static content that includes HTML documents, images, style sheets, test etc Apart from HTTP, a web server also supports SMTP (Simple Mail transfer Protocol) and FTP (File Transfer Protocol)

protocol for emailing and for file transfer and storage

Description: The main job of a web server is to display the website content If a web server is not exposed to the public and is used internally, then it is called Intranet Server When anyone requests for a website by adding the URL or web address on a web browser’s (like Chrome or Firefox) address bar (like www.economictimes.com), the browser sends a request to the Internet for viewing the

corresponding web page for that address A Domain Name Server (DNS) converts this URL to an IP Address (For example

192.168.216.345), which in turn points to a Web Server

The Web Server is requested to present the content website to the user’s browser All websites on the Internet have a unique identifier

in terms of an IP address This Internet Protocol address is used to communicate between different servers across the Internet These days, Apache server is the most common web server available in the market Apache is an open source software that handles almost

70 percent of all websites available today Most of the web-based applications use Apache as their default Web Server environment Another web server that is generally available is Internet Information Service (IIS) IIS is owned by Microsoft (Bennett, 2022)

1.7 Explain the relationship between technologies above with regards to designing, publishing and accessing a website

RELATIONSHIP OF 4 ELEMENTS

protocol

Server hardware

design should be able to run on any platform

To communicate with each other, computer and networking systems utilize rules

used to publish websites

It is possible to share and distribute the application

Uploading data and documents on the internet is a good idea

dissemination of data to personal computers

The program can be downloaded and installed via the internet

To exchange information, use the internet

allow data to be transferred between devices linked to the internet

1.8 Evaluate technical notes on all of the topics above

All of the approaches listed above are critical for developing and operating a website in the most effective and timely manner possible Web server software is a piece of software as well It is installed and run on a computer, and it serves as a Web server, letting users to access Web site material from any computer connected to the Internet (internet, intranet) Web servers can send Web clients over the Internet using the HTTP protocol (or Intranet) Protocols then play an essential role in defining the communication and

synchronization rules The computer's hardware and operating system are responsible for handling your requests and storing data Your computer will not be able to work without them In a nutshell, all of the tools listed above are critical technologies that are required in computers and for accessing and controlling a website These are the basic and most important skills for operating

computers and webpages

2 Website technologies, tools and software

2.1 The capabilities and relationships between front-end and back-end website technologies

- Front end developers build with the user in mind Front end development is a style of computer programming that focuses on the coding and creation of elements and features of a website that will then be seen by the user It’s about making sure the visual aspects

of a website are functional You can also think of front end as the “client side” of an application So let’s say you’re a front end

developer This means your job is to code and bring to life the visual elements of a website You’d be more focused on what the user sees when they visit a website or app And, you’d want to make sure the site is easy to interact with while also running smoothly

These developers take the visual designs from UX and UI designers and bring the website to life, making sure it functions well for the user One of the many ways you could use front end skills is in creating a static website, which is a website with fixed content that’s delivered to a user’s browser exactly as it’s stored You might run into a static website if you happen upon a simple landing page or a small business website that doesn’t allow users to perform any interactive tasks (Insight, 2020)

Front end developers build elements like: