high performance and hardware aware computing ppt

High-performance and Hardware-aware Computing Proceedings of the First International Workshop on New Frontiers in High-performance and Hardware-aware Computing HipHaC’08 E rlversiiis

Rainer Buchty, Jan-Philipp Wei8 (eds.)

High-performance and Hardware-aware Computing

Proceedings of the First International Workshop on

New Frontiers in High-performance and Hardware-aware Computing (HipHaC’08)

E)

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Rainer Buchty, Jan-Philipp Weld (eds.)

High-performance and Hardware-aware Computing

Proceedings of the First International Workshop on New Frontiers

in High-performance and Hardware-aware Computing (HipHaC’08) Lake Como, Italy, November 2008

(in Conjunction with MICRO-41)

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High-performance and

Hardware-aware Computing

Proceedings of the First International Workshop on New Frontiers

in High-performance and Hardware-aware Computing (HipHaC’08) Lake Como, Italy, November 2008

(Zn Conjunction with MICR0-41)

Manchester Metmpotiton Universvy, UK Ulrich Ride

"`" Manin Schotz

LN, USA may Steinke ase-tastiut Bertin, Germany Rote Sead

Max Ponck Iodiu nformari Germany Steplia Wong

TU Delf The Nethertands

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tobe adapted carefully to architectural constrains ike tne-prainedparalltism and memory or bandwid imitations

a voquive ana communication and syncheonization, Canon comprehensive kno ledge of undetying

hardware is therefore mandatory for application programmers, Hence theres strong need for Vewalization concepts

an! reconfigurable envionment

“The First Intemational Workshop ‘on Now Frontiers in High-performance and Hantwvare-avare Computing LpHaẨ 08) = all eonjonetion with test Anal IEEE/ACM Inman Sympsigny on Mieroarhitectie {MIICRO-41)— aims at combining new aspocts of pull, helrbgeacous, ad reconfigurable system atcitectures with concepts of high-pertrmance computing and, particularly numerical solution mets Ie brings together in teem esesvchet of al alles els waves issues of high-performance eomputing on emerging hare sxchitectes ang from architecture Work programming and wos

‘The workshop onganizess would thereto He tank the MICRO Workshop Chair forging us he chance to host his workshop in conjunction with one ofthe world's nest conlerenees on computer and system architect

and ofcourse ll the people who sue his workshop finally happen, most woably Wolfgang Kas (KIT) foe itil inspiration, Thanks tothe may conibutors submitting exciting snd novel work, HipHaC"DS wil reflect a broad range of sues on architecture design, algoitim implementation, and application ofinization

sib 2008 | Karlruhe insite of fechnology (RTE)

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‘Table of Contents

Architectures

OROCHE A Multiple stuetion Set SMT Processor

Takashi Nakada, Yasuhiko Nakashima, Hoi Shimada, Keni Kise and Toshi Kiama

‘Stream Processing and Numerical Computation

Experiences with Numerical Codes on the Cell Broadhand Eagine Atcitecture 9

‘A Reaikime Ray Casting System foe Vol Stream om the Cel Brvadband Basine

Malontin Putting and Carsten Lajos

Compatson of Hish-Speed Ruy Casting on GPU using CUDA an OpenGL + Andvas Neinlch, Benjamin Keck Holger Scher, Markus Kowsrschi, ad Joachim Horner

Rapidind Suan Processing ov the PlayStation 3 fora AD Chovin-based

Accelerating Stenci- Based Computations hy Increased Temporal Locality on

Modern Malt and Many.Core Architectures

Matthias Christen, Ol Schenk, Peter Messner, Esra Neufeld, and Helmar Burkhart

ast Cache Miss Estimation of Loop Nests sine Independent Castor Sampine 55

‘Kanul Sharma, Sanivev Agearwa!, Moina& Chaudhuri ond Sanit Ganeuls

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OROCHI: A Multiple Instruction Set

SMT Processor

Takashi Nakada’, Yosuke Nakashima” Haji ‘Shima, Kenji Kise! and Toshinki Kitaro!

ante Schoo af Information Sccnce, Naa state of Sence and Teincogy APA

(aka kasi sp

"Gat Seto Ionic, Kyo Unters, JAPAN

Ferd Seon sĩ lHommuien Siense sử Engisenne: D9 » Ise of Tet JAPAN

“Ẩöndoe &ðool of Information 3deneee HHanhina Chị nghi, JAPAN,

Wimaraucheehiohireeieip

thor Qo Moweer tc well ue sehr Ines

Sate te iti oan tn och

Sere actin apne

ch embeded dovices ave rac to sconplish big pe

Foance for mimes pian and 3° op wt os

pwr fo cbc use of sme teres, Uloennay xi"

ti ge Resin te a 6 ino the ered devices

that are cally somposd ina abel chai Sond, the

fl of sale tpn an nghprtomnnce Meanie

‘Sianenioal SMT exetlon madi 2 wich a thực „ Stole pipeline andthe dts cache, ae ot sabe for Qo

“onolim gene However, many embed pts, QoS

‘Sool seme the ipo eqerens, The pecs as

Sur

raved OROCHT, whith eon execte soutien oth te

0eaioml ismeleg et aml the VLIW" iosmction seh,

By mifeslon n the kek-o pipeline, whit Inlay ø

leads nt, the prosessns Based erent ack

tat te her proessr dns aot reed Lge sic ars

Frm, we propose wel QoSvevae nsucton scheing

instracions direst a! le ransom coment iss

thuc ghen) Chmmenioal israedone ae deeom@osel

‘mechani coro n buñnh peeieur an sels

freneiet nh esas tn he VLIW giee, which ae

‘ede more elective than previo QoS cont rneckarons

tyeng an O8 sheer for ate hardnaeappiach sc

os dymanic ease promi

“The rest of tippers egabzed 8 fol, SesUon 2

ives an oveniew of OROCHL Sexton 3 teva Oe

Final, Seri 3 cons the paper ae desis fers

a

1 Previous Wonk ox Qos (QuaLITY oF SeRvIEE)

To ssn dhe Qu, seven ined ae propos Tse

Prsch an fare approach,

“The st dina am somo software apo Is

sets by a OS, Howeneesacng te encaton ứng of

the QoSeesareapotctions, Wits moiteingpeiomanee

oun IR, ses an O8 eon sudan the lacs o sn

exter) Hows the perfomance of each aplication tends

tothe gad Thetis had wo ssiin ie Qo ty the

andwate apprsshes are more powsfol than OS ap

poses one feng eaehe frtening (5 tht ides

ners rng ppistons However, ac washe sizes

deese lo la tan tel cahe size rs of wih

The pelrctesee le a aricept degree user [6

{a alleviate this pion, dyramie cack qartooing [4

which js the Bounties of ashe viral pete

‘ices (7, hih contol eae bandh have Bech po

À cent pablo QoS eles pple tls de

to unespesed cache misses So, some cache mins pedsion

Imsshatam sows pose for sbtaing QoS, For iste,

(Compac Alghe 21264 [8 hat each os reir for 8

spsculaively that depend on the previous fod instruction

{he spectator pipelines ze rewound The ingotanc or Alpha 21254

sin JO} Wan a ccke isso on soe ie is iesruction wink fo avoid omnes ere oxuption

‘Mer he cache i led, the removed stcins a fled

IL, Mewoaseuriecrins 67 OROCH tien cones uve @sorsesons) poser (sl po

‘Ses anda mee procssr tex, VLIW) Te conenna

-sonventional processors serial, $0 many legacy coves and

hares ate roid to complete the syten On he nhẹ spins, so typical meta process emp am efletve insraction set sash 3s" VLIW SIM ot that can easly VLIW strc to iMee te Íeopch of the oa yom,

We eshte belergeneous SMT comprising ARM 110] 1.1 3

wo deci OS, std HV} achtacire, ay anode popular embeded pincessor forthe image proven Fl FRSSO ean cig ue FIC fcitetre proceso” FRSSD can tes Tove ftger Instone and foue foalag pont rte, SIMD and so on, Branch an! loa irate

Se clase sleet Instwtion It can a tw Ina Frgute 1 ies the concept of OROCHT wit « VLIW tucked pple Rad on FRSSO The root prin ie

‘Sere insaction os imnlansoedy, Th bọ pin of it

“arco tat se cy sls ays ext in the gee ects me numberof Canton wns of 4 VLIW proces

‘rem este high perfomance lms aplication hat

‘coy moet al the fost lot, enough empty sts

‘emai fr exeston ec code of ARM apictons cr OS Alero e+ í procewor eflsvely with! performance

‘grater

Medel I

backer ipee Noel ratend nyelnee ax comet

tothe isrcon que, The some Kis of press

be nia wh al con

A Outline he pte

‘OROAU hs oo foes pipelines Each fone tas

soc ass anes tection fh age

LIỂ wih cache yas bank patito BP) nt nls

a Idee mise pcre lr, desir (AMO,

HOỆT corresponding to mazacton desonpeston snva

to le xebleaue [l5] ar Nobu antec [13 a

YVLIVED) Attia ARM trend fas a rome Sage

{Rasame) for sucokendr excstion The dened ns

tins fom VLIW-D ae diclyengheved int the lees

spendin an he empty ss (Sod) The dd

tmhanen s atch schooling desde hư

Shified toward he execution units sinllaneusly shen the

Insaco tegen clus ae al aed The fe

that tracks inte aston quote seldom occur Deas

pil data dependncyecbeks the woke of the cs “The bicker pipeline haem VLIW a5 mension, ad

Ince thor ineze nits with shite a paral lpi

‘ho fants (ALUD, se hadisute wt (OP, ee branch

tn AG) and four seks wits due o FR tut

se MEDIA) These foetion ate ie sabes of he

FRSSD processor All fonction its exeet MEDIA urs a

eon

general epee GRE), shih an ep ead pore ve tre pots ata moti eer (MAF) hich hes ig rad pots ind Tove write prs, See renaming no neve pared Retween ARM ond FR the repr files shared A0 Bút the dc the gin He Bors lye, Howes

‘he general regiter and ret reise inhepenlet rơm general rive Mle

‘As for ARM insvtions, the reals are writen the sve ule utr (WR) and hen conse eeler ihe folowing roe stage (RET As for FIV irons,

tt inpont ae for he em, Bedle nan snhalded

‘yen set specie cnsheratons ate reed to en {Ge for cern alin pple ace mypl wage of OROCHI the provetsor exces

trsretion son the OS teal wit the corventonl

"acon set simultnovily Frm the linen presi

‘de hee are ny deine, The pcesor his o guvanfee teed Qos roan,

“The excessive method fo maintain QoS of malimedia

anions runcing on PRY {ecm ston of ARM

Insaco sere Howes, th mờ seepoble am the

tions ally he comptes conn Ba an tren ly

A ots cmp sas az ee as NOPs buse the VLIW dos

‘op newer eas on the coicon tat ARM ingtueds ôn

‘terre withthe atone of FRY applistos

ARM in te unis ss,

gure? decries the sacs of inston sehen,

enc nthe fest prin ofthe uve, Then ARM

Tanslans me nse in te queve TB able

snủ sư egsernuhe of the nsacton fe sche,

thon ins nto sale alot acre othe coresponding

wfesv compra performance with co de vpec

estar proses: Afr ht he hệt euteroa x he

Ine dsash tage, VLIW handed al of te

Tisrstions m heighten potion of the qusue Ite Is

Sependony uch se lone thal hae 3 psy of cache

cashệ miss occurs, Stalls not ony the dependent instacins

but aso into othe sume in Sach spe ste

Seinisly dps when one oF the insstions was fo the da

oie by pavioslydlgeche inscions, The aor

dy are seul a the were cache miss rept {Comsesy, OROCH shoal ns ARM isis wt Aha cache misses Basically: OROCHT uae Qo ofthe THUY applet by sbodling ARM instbctons creas

1, Qa Cont! with Cache Mist Priston and Se

“oallevit tis pipe sl podem, we propose a cache

in gener the cache mise pec indicates whether the target sae aces will to mie However, ORO hae

te corol nt oly wae the dee section sul! te Fes snes, oh + su mips 1 pose, ittony

‘tat Sopot othe fo dts sud be seule apa fom

insruction shuld fe delayed to schesiole Such a mechanism

has th pein to ati pple sl dc Ie cache misses

ii ca teu ache bata scl

aN addtional seedive imdaetet định mechanism When

St ARM load Inston ree fn ciche mis, al ARM

‘cele Sine all nacons ve an octet i 'refnelbns age ete without inrereose fom ARM

an insrcion wil ring ache mise ot The LUMP ie Tnwlenene re rans itor Noe tht ti ge irunnoan wheter the truco fd orm nt the Gata frnsh poise fe eve is thn rite the

‘Stimated del’ ysles 1 schedule, When loud inroction

sects the tameonlng etry of te thle is pests

{iy In sia when a oad intction Kade sah mi,

the comespnding coir i scented sil Vee era TP

‘che mis ends Yo flushing all the ARM tosnetions

rong he td istrsto fn te VLIW gists

WW Evatuarion

We suite he mliple instaston set SMT processor

COROCHH een te ew uf 1 so he fit, et the

Forman with Bath ARM and FAV pplication vst

aly ine Qs fsa casi Tsos ths Bais

A BAN guac

`

note 8: npr wih 2 supercar presesor wing a

thn window a4 Baseline (ARMS) Fg 4 owfiee the

hsotine proves The fetch, desde esorpse and ask

fon unitate the sare as ONOCHS Ha, ARNSS

Wiakeup-Slet Inge, The Wakeup Sele ope seres for

Trrctns tht ready Be sted (Wak) and dds

“Tube shows te PCs, the cicutdchys andthe ove

A perfxmaness, Table UD shows the aces Fem ese

“The somparisn in the delay shows this OROCHH is ase stan ARMSS fy 688 ew ty ample Hnsrction uc

a RTL-level simblator tht his 3 capably Wy nthe

r1 rCÌnuVANM [IS] ih ao MIU, Sone Benchmarks

stats under the coir of the OS, We elect some irgulae

appre (eg, COUN a tra for ARM sài 13

‘sch the FR-V rogrim eines whe te ARM png

Teese epee

Sf ARM ane FRY ashore some helerogeneos mal core

SonBgirtlo ie asm, The left ate of ech res

tune the sce tors) IPCs that conespond timp

thro each show IPCs ot SMT exerubon Note atthe IPC

FARM inludes the exection of OS ten Wit ARM bicourt the IRC of FR-V whines 983%

the tai petance aad te IRC oF ARM rsa i

TAA tae wie marae wth ARM IASI the IPC

Sf FRLV ochieou 97.85 oF thee an the TPC of ARM

ress in Toole Those reste clesly sow that OROCH

am accel ise two iene pes of process

in cara is 8% The deance in memory presi i

‘dre be sor enon fore penenene,

canh me di hy ARM prea wath ph my rewire mre withthe eforrance of FR Toast

hp, Ýs mi fee Tạ Trleir tem ve

‘3 ‘ache mit pots cleive fs as mentored

“Ni: shie tế me cfeeIse haa sTae areschex Tor the compurion aa OS hised QoS harem ii bye press wonkS] i craft In this mechani, the panes sealer iOS cents he petty of ARM Fore? sh the esas, 180, Base, LUMP Flush LUMPsEush and OS Sehed.conespod to orl perf the Fish, and the OS scbobler espstney: TOTAL IPG tots the sf the AFM IPG snd the FR-V IPC, The

‘Oracle nthe Bake are the snes Ue owls fn Figs

Win LUMP or Push th perfomance of FRY (ER han mt

IPCs incesed om S245 (Bas8) 9915 and 925%

the Mas cesar applied (LUMPeFIushy achieved

"72a on average, wheres de amount of te decease ik

ARM perirunce (AFM IPC) cores to the stout

toi pefomane (TOTAL IPC) dest deesne afl ty

ikon, asing the OS shots 10S Shed, the pero

fans of FRY acho 9238 on ancug Howeve, in nde

TRigmieanh đeeeued by 600% of Base and conesnenty

the foal perfomance i nly 829% as compared with cự

al OEOCHI IARM any) nckate OROCHT winout ARM

1339) and FRY foatond (141%, The ARM Fone is

‘vies ip the FRV fred do ening and outa

te are is taped esaoe of the sal ence (12 is

na heledeÐ am ack of esting point oie as mend

tre uke hterozense multe sing this feted sad

‘etn the sie a 15275 dl edn backs

"hms OROCHT ean es the cp ate by 82.55%, Asani

the sine semcondig kehaohgr OROCH) i mundi

teonlyone SPE of Cal Brown Engine in se,

COROCHI Th can cree bth» sonteatonl seston sot

fn VLIW ioscton st mululeonly

tess mit, the processors Bast on dere aise

san share section uh and dla cate, Each poses

{ oovel QoS aware inicio scheduling mechani VÂN

{VLIW ene, shedies VLIW israone ety ard

sso anos coal ston ie, Teter

esac ae docooaed an nei the ergy ot

‘he VLIW gost, Sec, we ops coe mie proion

tmehauien ml a ielne memovisn fa mechani in

‘VLIW gicie tụ re me efetve thin OS-basd Qos

wit Mitch and OS The Fut rs th the meme

fesurc can nhete 983% gí he lôeh PRV perfomance

dint TA of te heal ARM pgf0mnaee sinalaoeoni

A fesey ARM pres, the US is msinsinl by 928

of FR petormance At csmparet lo ä xellAnyen QoS tmechanim conolled hy & press scheler in OS, this itareTlesure can ees the Wl IAC AY 20.98, Weal end, which aoa for 52.7% ofthe chip aes, As es

‘he mitre can ed the ship arc by 385%

280212 well kowa septate mul core plement

‘Soman, whisk inclads ate power lease

ACKNME0MEAr

‘ogy Academic Research Cover so partly supped bythe Mistry of Edkcto, Sohne Sports td Cale Cra

‘Aid li Xosmue Reant Chị, 902, 2M

Experiences with Numerieal Codes

on the Cell Broadband Engine Architecture

‘Markus Stirmer, Daniel Ritter, Harald Kasten and Ulich Ride

System Simulation Geoup Depactment of Compute Univecsty Erlam Cauotstrae 6, 91058 Erlangen markus stuermer@ informatikani-erlangen de

Abstract

a a il ge dea

tng resi bigh memory backhand conpatloal

power The Cal Broadband Bnpie Arhteire (BEA)

‘heterogeneous malice arciertae promises both, Me

¬ re

the ars image processing compat ld divas,

‘and moter dames, We present ess and derive the

Sto al hale or eit hs novel neta

Keywords: CHEA, Cell prossson, pexformance opt

1 Introduction

incging, eomong; sn gamine Ta ona! 0 ter chip

ship STU ook afer ppeash with thn Cl Broad

ing performance by sstublishing # bstrogeneous desig

cine wo Bok the Poallop hare i Ginga was ule

‘of 12960 PowerXCel 8 the lượn inpleeuion sĩ thề

Aes National Lost

rei applica we dsctive perfomsancesptinzed

inplementtions on the CBEA for applintens in

soe processing, Set, compuesto Quid dysamies

‘Sect, and molar dynamics Sest.5) hte epi

2, Architectural overview The fst inplemetation ofthe CBEA, te soca {cal Broan Epic tC) i esa ee Som Praystavor™ 3 game sonole snd IBMe QS50 sn QS2 Pads ovgnizaton i depited in Fi 1,61, The saanset Bus (EID}~conneting all ison be stip and

‘uring at 32GH2 A PowerPC-hossl espera purpose

sed the apertig syste a cong aceon, Et

an deliver dat wth upto 23.6 GW fom Renbus XDR

‘es Fst sven 0 JO devises oa erent eonestion insight Synegis Proceso Elements (SPES, imple bit ets Symergia Exscuion Unit (SXU), Lal Store SIMD) only voor engine with ust of 28 E2Nwids repnier and iptines opera 255A ft

LS vey fat, weltncy memory, SXU and LS eons

‘wn progan btdependat on and come by the PPE

The CelMBE is able w peor 2048 OFlops esing

fese-mlply-a8s jn single prison (nt wowing the

hie of tne PPE, bu i lied rpanling double pre

‘Son, Only sx SPEs are sill wer Lins rong 3

maximum performance here asorinly¥ 183.6 GFlops

“The newer PowerCel i[7], used in IMs QS22 aes

Aifers frow the older CeVBE by SPES with higher per

Tonmance in Svble pression (128 se of LÝ p5

‘ach ad conve ht allows connecting DDR? met

ory tothe MIC,

Figure 1 Sehomatic view of the STI Cell

Broadband Engine,

‘Wile standard PowerPC oftware and compilers an be

‘executed onthe PPE’ computation ui he PawerPC Pr

‘esor Unie PP) sear mst be adapted fake ad

tape ofthe SPEs, whose SXUS ape ti own tstuction

SL The hse appoach to wit CBEA-enhanced softae

SPEs, here hares and laaege extension elp in st

Iegion and sychenization between the diferent agsats

From software perspec pmgrm nnn om he PPL

eidret ah SPE and loads a code age oa LS Wet To

stall athe pngram on the SPE, 3 ye cal reed,

Which doesnot turn unl the SPE code soupends eeu

The ae several general or CSl<gesife apptsebes

te ease the steaton of hetrogenous pall ofa,

Te IBM's Acclersed Libry Framework (ALF) aad

Data Communication and Synchronization (DaCS) Hr,

(Cll Supercar Co by the Barcelona Supercomputing

‘Gene, the RapieMiné Mel Cope Development Pam

‘oe Merin’s Maicre Pls SDK oly to menton sorte

men

3 Image processing

“CAIUBE eqeialy sinh, ndäcv hat haMly re Jor dts srctres and are pressed using ear mem

‘ry acess that dt abe anaes by DMA

‘Adina, sngle precision swat scent for im

‘ge processing sks, Bede the nna ehnigus for image and yen compression bse e.g on wavelets and tons (PDEs have ben develo Thess moths hase the ote fr proving high iy; ower they re ant filly very compre tense

"The POE bod veo coves PDE [0] is conception: ally very simple For each picture ypiealy 10-13% of the Pinel ofan hae ae elected sad stored, All ening piel the decoding tape, We wil ot dss he algorithns For ave discunded and must hretore be ecole im Selecting the sole andoark piel, bat wil ra fo

‘son the core algorithm used in he resonsrstion phase, Ahn the anda od ts oretponding pte ales

‘are given, Fling in the missing peli the 0-alled Inns problem (3, hich i modeled M3 parti Ferental equation of ti orn

"` xe nìn, ibe the dtfusion tensor Da, canbe oe of the tước oes inorder of inetessing complexity

+ bomngeneustfinon (HD), + ponlisearbotropie fasion (NID) ot

‘+ ponlnear anisotropic iffsion (NAD), sooo ftison hts a tendency to smcthen eg nthe Images, bt leads tothe lent con slgoflo The aol trains attempt preserve edges beneyby as to fan ter othe lea ge fests, The NAD ree tae curely sts of th ata bee preserving

‘ges, bot isthe company mon expensive one partly and solving an equation i necessary Tớ each of them, Tpiily, frame rat of sow! 25 frames por second EPS) ie nesessry to acleve smoot else playback "The POEVE player isa ype muted applica:

‘ion One ead iteprets he video ile and se lợ te necessary dt rites nan merry, Mull som reso heads produce one video frame a te by sl ing teased PDP apprise Another heads sponsible for dsplying Two rials are necessary

to synchronize the data ow

Figure 2 Comparing the three different kinds

of dittusion

Inthe CREA optimized version fe player the dco

‘reso threads ofa! the numerical work to an ase

“59 SPE, coaolhhet Gas-Sidel (RBCS) slr a

sed forthe HD and NID regulaizer, and damped Jasbi

UNC) or NAD, More comple he Tác malign meth:

‘share pislly asd forthes types of PDEs ge oly

‘il iprovement cos tthe ph density of land,

spill JAC is suitable or processing in SIMD, bt cae

rose taken t preserve lndnarks where known pines

fare gaện Thầ l aoheted hy lạt cicgldin a khúc

SIMD sector ening four new single pression rests,

‘gars ofthe piel types The Hl result ha Wl

triten tack to the Loc Storage seated by selecting

Tro the previous and updated ines dependiag om a

fel describing the lndars he curen fame The

SPU ISA alls for pesorming thị very cfiiemly, The

‘erels are implemente using inns, Psa he com

suy

Tor the mops size imental ta from maltp im

geuscan bbeld ina LS, so at booking techniques

{de the DMA taser th main memory drs The

"RIGS solvers perfor a whole eration JAC tạo len:

Tons persweep av described 8) Table shoes the frame

‘aes atte achive ona Sony Playsaion™ 3 wha all

‘Se silable SPEs re ded These vals do not nla he

ig up the nsessry data svete,

"The RBCS implementations we the sme ppc {or preserving Lamar to update ony every second un

‘ow, antral tice the emmputtions need 0 Be er foxes From te dfesent type of fusion tensors, HD leas oa simple five-point tel or the Laplace ope tor wih ned ection and therefore has ow comp tional density of 6 Flops pr teron and enknown, The NID reglaize is also approximate by epi te cil bl the coefficients ae reompoted Beloe each unas, toad density occurs whon loline nisoupe NAD- fensors are asc, since they rl in inept seni, Whose coeticlensafe updated every scan ean re

‘ling in 9.5 Tops per update on acer,

‘Only image its neds toe tansered 4 Bye pr psel, andcolor snc eels te aa onthe- By onthe SPE Decofing tng rune wing one SPE genet oat 120 MB rin memory rai per elo fame fr the samples he ae

‘Table 1 Decompression speed of pdeve Moasured for a resolution of 320240 pixels

130 iterations of JAC for NAD or 66 RBGS rations for NID and HD with 10% landmarks

‘Were used to obtain comparable times

"nề en thtoh the HD thue bế cưng nary andwidh requests To ners the GHop rates Comets sal alo beni hat many’ compton

‘cally performed wete no accounted for the NID Ker {eaches impressive 42 GFops internally but mo ells

“Me đeo! dục tote SIMD-sectortzation ofthe REGS method or Beets they are landmarks

4 Computational fluid dynamies Computational id dynamics (CPD) ha age nm:

‘tof pplietions in selene and eogocering Besides classial Navi Sokeswolver,atce Bolemann methods {LBM have Become a interesting altmatve LBM use

an ein grid of sele soled Itc ells thi m teat only wih thir deel neighbors However, bth op prosshes are computonaly very expense, and single Computers often do at provide the necessary performance

to getresulsincesonable ine, LBM seem 1 he especialy

shor cmpniona dey, il pcaliaaon

lb 11s patfype LBM solver bas oF] a

as been designed especialy forthe CDEA an wses the

commot DSQI9 BOK [1 12] colon model Tế môn

sist wast exp he easily of lod fw si

Sesslsrtres— ile using specialized hari ot

‘ware with slow double precision wus wale during

formance To sve merry he whe dein fied

‘only pate conning Ho Lies as actualy aoe,

mins ile pow all remiss for god pesTomance

tron te Si, uses of mole 12 yack

{lef pss sibs etd fo oh Te me

Irth ủng cúp ah, in tư bưlen Re thơm

‘loci be prcoaon sn che cone a

Sete dynamical othe PEs using som cous

au cnuians cane dre na SMD wy Wi may

tons and Contig previ SIMD ver an te

mắc em eosin epee, Foto aang

Sy epson be LS oe SPU upon tae no

25 nhnetietrh lan losatdmtsn leo be

‘Brahe nay ki long bay msn penis on

truc tp sieteer penbi, Coideml trpvedom

andra aie as emtetre endizm Te

Temuletx promotion “ihe? compres perfomance nf 3 ial late Bot nh cm

esee no ca SÌMD-qplndmd tmgimsneioa

Te impormce ef SDuatin on ie XU, The peal Iter ib ups Ald essay ats ar ren toatng pnt oprah pind SP tome The {Serpe unt sen tha ác PEE com Lap

"ma aoa on cpiaion veal is ase SIO ad weiss hive uu nay ee

‘Table 2 Pertormance of a straightforward single precision LBM implementation in C on fan Intel Xeon 5160 at 3.0 Gite, a standard 3.2 Giz PPE and SPU, compared with the opti-

‘mized SPU-kernel for an ¥ lui lattice cols channel tow

‘onthe IN QS bade tht provide two Cal acess

the procestrs, The simpler approach it locate al dts apse alemating om hth memory ation, ft SPE on any CPU wil aces memory thru te neưby teach emery Location and thy pointe SPE lows for

‘optimizing for NUMA even beter,

" ` JCP wzaon, General atcan be soon Wal Wel op igo Kens te ale sari the memory vs wh al

‘Whe looking stone or two SPE caning on sng

‘One QS2ithe coherence pence etmcen ewe CPL emer hevchnas hae shan Uti especially We for DMs wring rin storage

nd 93%, rosptvely fg Four Cll proceso mig

Table 3, CallBE MLUP's performance for ø

2 ehannel low MFLUPIS LUPE

sseewcev [wa | tos 173200

spprach that btes data Mi wil decrease

ound and boxe work can be hited eas mand

5 Molecular dynamics

Molva dynamics MD) sane fl học eo

‘One posly to salve MD problems with agen

‘er of partcls ancl npg iizctons etme fem

[PL These methods rune fat ea less es hi

rid mettads, ‘They 2a be puallhaed oo a shared et

‘ry sytem wih mode fr ed shih Roting point

‘ig architestr or hs ls of slgoihins

fiom unkown domain, withopen boon son

meri enim, he equation is iereize, xích lúc

"

"31 ¬"

XHh te döcete Lagaecepeidor Ay and mesh see

“Tis eto il an ine sso, st proves the

TAesill XTEIL 0E f9 iEpeieeEiGorli di h

Padi goa Mersey of evels Sit — Taf) de

SStibed in 2), The expanding and soarseing Feast the

Aimersion fom one ki te next ons, bú đo eaing Slower compare fo Tables), The ales of fon te Bound

"ay pins ofthe coarsest gi are ales oe

4 ulúgid sto is supported hy that hiesrchical grid

‘Adapne Coopsie Grd mcd (FAC) is ws whi

pre-and posting dct injection for resto, ad Tica imerplation for prolongton The program was Pa

“nce te execution sped ef the cde, sexe optiniza

-3ion sichtaregdidlon sneotine-Imerlulun and Linewis prncessing of the data using double ute

age and he main memory to bie fall memory band

‘The interfaces hetseen mo gril les need special Shick avons me aces oth erie ae sme ine

Tess woe perfomed bath on he Plysation™ 3 ad con the IBM QS20 Tr fren giả sư, The meio Sins the vevalts re Vay sina the Plysatio™! 3

vn the QS2, fat he QS enbles more opportunities eens ofits Digger main memory and ore SPES only fhe tet rms the QS20 ave coir here, The fist resis wete 8 est one Cll poeesot oa Exergy for he performance ofthe adapted congtaion ketmix Ihe retin ofthe Taco amootber ya aye, Tat the moter The tining rests Er ierent names

‘Table 4, Overview ofthe four finest grid sizas, total number of levels, and memory require

‘ments of the FAC method

Fee [we ein, oaTERT | me

foes [tt | te

ee | 8

i [TA ast TÀI 31 | 89

3U [ID 9E A99 | sow

‘Table 5 Runtimes (In msees) for one Jacob!

iteration depending on grid size and number

of threads

(poten sie [oF 18a

‘nknowns are sown in Table

The question of incest, whether the memory ban

width the Hong oie performance she iin fr

by Pane — HSS ys 20 Bye hae w bens

feo pr nr gr pink, we the Ltr i gen

Play = HG aie 10 mmr operation

ced po ir gid psn Fig shows oth meats fo

he previous tet rans

The perfomance of the Jacobi shonher bai

oan hy the memory handwith, Forts SPE treads,

‘Ealing 2 sped i aoa lea, for seven un eight here

hardy any effec, since the memory bus already state,

The Highest measured vale 327 0180

me wot perform onthe Q820,

ishing the Free to hth processors and an iter

Teed memory statey Ths sưacgy allocates memory

memory Dandi compaedto the default state pos

‘sin theory, Prsticaly an provement of wp 29895

is ined au show in Tales, The ont in advanced

memory sty inceses with the uner of actin SPE,

Ce, or re tui tì more proceso, explig the

NUMA arehietire more siligeniy wll esac

Satay Bait

Figure 3 Floating-point performance and

‘memory bandwidth of Jacobi smoother on the as20

Table 6 Memory throughput of the Jacob!

‘smoother for grid size 192° when using one for both memory buses In GIBis

‘Sgt fonures of his rhe,

‘Spliting the isk no smlersuhtasks apd handing syn

‘tvonizaton and commaricaion Between malpe gens TEse3 Trivgt print ines Ue aire ot at tore ston Heterogeneous actitectres only inetess complexity te wy hat 9 stk mst fe the eles of SIMD fs 3 concept tit fs very common todays as i isthe most etic ay To expt wide buses a data level paral witout meh complicating te contol

‘se and add anther peial9 là pefaiming scala ope

‘al adsaned placer Alignment of salt and SIMD

in decease performance if wot spgrptate However, dhe

Alscrepancy of performing well ged SIMD an Rai

‘The eept af Lael Stags that managed by copy

[DBAs sper thon concep mot mein comma ge

rin ero lientie.ckectuonaly el siau táng

Craving conilex erafFonlr enfe On te đomnsik,

“rat khoglelbe ví the working set and Its management

putt moditatons of An anaogy found on und

c8ekekerelarbikehree night be the nevessryavevin

re, Du theese performance a oy re

“The aston remains how mich perfomance ean he

roaches 1 crease prodtviy Sve te enphans

"hegTồrvfe nd framenorks canes omnicaton, dt

tion and ovement Bu! asa general approaches rly

fn esahshefipiovl langage compilers the problem

ppeationscan Be expected ore

References:

TÚI tang EG ad ML rook Model for Cat ato rasas in Can Stal Ample

12) ML Boker Uirarchical ged couse forthe soltion

(6) U Gale Wecken MWe A Brom A, Delae, sd

Posing of ao tr

fer pape STAN Springer, Her Neer

14) 1G Sinan af thw in aun wing the

‘echo Repu De, Deusen of Caper Sone

angen Nib, Cen 28

13) IBM Cr Bata ge eee Ox 207

We) BME Col Bebe Prams Trl Ox

PMc and TU Kener Veen wing va

11) M Stns ie, G- Rees, A Die and U Rae, the Lat tema ld: Aspe er polenon

121 § Sued The Late Bolsa Eaton“ For Fi

Siei cổ bạn quyền

A Realtime Ray Casting System for Voxel Streams

on the Cell Broadband Engine Valentin Fettring

he dspaed Ths mapping can be perfommsd hy «mat

‘noraneraee easy pojeston by evan the Wm

RRendennp nega [0] winch a dnt fm exh be

nopuedieratvely with te over epee (12 esto:

the 3D scl el! eusly Is represented bY anon

that sample mien mộ 0 somite the Wome

«essa deere in secon I, The sapling rte neessry

to achieve accep rls i dtemined hy the Nous

Shana samp there 13] ape ber of sates

‘higher sehich mikes vohume rendering a sompateinensive

task Opdinizatin sgn ext AI lueever ta ví thơm

eioning ofthe tage sess proves

Ansher rườn that favors AEC agpxch le

Aewul vlume dựa khch fs shangng Fenty, This fe 8

len dfen vehired in si lư aes of uncon,

Carsten Lojewski carte jens inn eho

"We wll show tat our fenibesttace speach aloes ise” torn airy iw etons and ts deters the aves prongs for ets volume dt spe

mm" .‹ somest ender 1 frm she Bl image IIL By den thie roth odes How gui ages a egies ee

Pu le each ofozonal to ve of the majo de ons iss ae fist sere an poste eno an item

ae plane aligned withthe lume whch sally erp foo the wien plane 8) The nage gual silen th to for hs teciqoe as wll

'h both etd todd fa dena the fl wane bodice al proves igh gully goss ey omg For

‘Sih ptt of he we plane xa cat nthe ole and tai cap ae eal ala he) [7] As ea

ager depends on a Mexle a easy snpine meta toe efcem so we dsided rey asin in ler

1n ome i te acc

fla eller tectmilpopectepatepmpsprmerag

Uitte nel nie Fs ev ` insert oe

ech regi 128 it wide ad bs SIMD cpa smir

tothe Ales ISA ofthe PPE fr more gener information

fn Be CBE se

‘Comionisiton Btweon th PPE and SPES ca be scone

plished by abs mechnisen provide by the MC tt

Sicestes an insy fr cach SPE where 32 hit meses an

he rinon toby the PPE or ther SPEs The iors work

like FIFO qostes wi a eayty of four mesigs A'SPE

fa chuck le hưng lộc nêu messages at a tine 1 0

ew menses are valle ican all enti the next message

Tn one fo proces 9 chunk of dana SPE ns init an

synchro DMA tnsferto fetch ffm mil menor,

{nuit US When ve thn One continuous chink of dls

[DAIA contr wie sto ater mule chườn tụ,

Ina memory ino the LS The Tis an also Be aed to Sater

Us ta back wo memory Lists must be load in the SPES

LS and each ia element ss cone of 8 byte providing

yes igre 2 ’N DMA tosfer wll ays transit east ape cach ine

o€ 128 bytes Ths Gandwih is maximized by sing aldose

tn nar ss chat ae 4 mule of 128 bye

“The Stoming Mosel fused on he aeration that or

rendering ole dia stall sping ostons for ech ry

remain sors he ve and th me dt se Yesolton

do not change Howser the etal volume come can be

teed bir a docs ntact he sampling psitons

‘We wil retort sch a ombiaion of a cman ome st

revlon and ¢ ruber of constn sews frm which the

‘ole ae i onda 2 8 congrats

‘Aone Sina of «volume data se comme du

Tan Heo , that thú eve postions within the volume dit st ane own in advance” In psece one pack amounts to oe

‘ol land te packet ordering ioe equa othe sce onering lng majoras the wae dats From

‘won weil nse ths ast he te ti gue 1)

‘A voxel steam sĩ vole dats set ea be esl eed hing felaed of For ch ay the sorntion Teh feed Bes ue fered il he te tore es Ari beable can he preconpued an be mà ngữ for flee sampling The decom of «ray along te 8s armies whether i kavenes the Solus frnet-ack ot

‘ctor For bol eases composting methods ext (0 compte the Wome Rendering Insp lo he ry [12]

In this seston we deste the plementation of the

Sueaming Model fora single SPE "The eueaion ofthis

"gies Gr pill exeeuton on mule SPE wl be the

1) Sampling Asstcing a wo nigving vol slices

are lost the LS of 4 SPE We net of rays al poses

ample points within the slih formed bythe sce (eure 1)

Inst be eve fom min mehoy, pfxeesd vn len

Huế, Betuuse the LS ie i aod i ay st mst bề

spin evel subse A ple ble aproach neean

16 overlay te data transfer wh somputtion, While one wt

ft rays is being proces the nev tf Being Fehed 1

the LS and rests fom the previous se are wate back to

of soel ices can he preomputd it possible generate

transfer iste fort gen ssh, Assisted hy tanto te

DDMA conrle cat saomatially ater ast fom si

‘memory feng the SPU for other sks The se ate

Tie ean be ase seater the my st hack 9 main memory

fer the computation has finshed shoo be noted here

that he vansfr lise also minimize bandwith regents

a0 sean uy data sto be nna Aditya

Tre fa alt be ft resin omer pr

steouion However thi eras insgnifeant compre

fay dts igae2), In oder to esl he PEs SIMD,

apabiites as ca be proceso pockets of fou Esch 9

‘nd oar color components (ROBA) for Mening gure 2,

Using singe peeistn Natng pot vos he size 0 9 ry

cet aourls to 128 bytes which matches exe one cache

Tie Thas ey puckets at ae continuously dst

sin mamory do ot decease Raith if thy bore the

Un no we fe ued tht eo fal vl slice cn

revlon weer the siz ofthe LS so fo al Fo this

Feason vse lesbo to be arin ino sieses slong

feats, We have chosen the yan or he rr of he

per The paciboning of the volume dit set et elie

Subse eel depicted in Figure Instead of acing oe

Full woul sa a once he ees le seilize nh xakelibs

Wi thee sociated aubct f ras The easton order af

theses teal orig rected ay a>

sets ae ot soir in ost eases AN example given in

figure The ry subsets forthe subasbs ABC and D ae

shown The sibet of Ais enpry,so we donot consider

{ero tre wih any othe subset (ays 42 respecte,

B and C shire ay S wile D dC share ray’ 3.TRe staring

‘mpies nat C must be oeessd pdbz lạ 8 and Din onder to

"naihinroreexis heeude ee lending of he samples it

sbiray onl he aos) and) ncte dependence Tecwecn two subsets only extn one econ of te 3- {ki The y-oordnae of the Mew pon (ed do sparse okay negative depts (BA), Note it ay th

3 luc y-dfeeioh onpone can sare ne than two su Secs Cate must be tke to ferent teskafe-arle hazals forays belonging tlle set ate aie og Mule ray btfers fer the posit choumvent the

‘laminate ead-ates-wrte haar forthe cost of igber men

‘ny consumption, Figure 3 usa ry ter that costs (fall they puke for 3 gen conga I capes of

‘ening resus can Be emp or ch evel indepen From the thers The Bol composting of these ined te resets deseo in section IN-B4, Mulupe ay brs

fr ehen more altace for the parlelzed verti of ot

‘SPE hie contains he lit Header igure 2) ta allows the

‘SPE to fete he correct vonel dt ata igre 3 it {6 LS Every tine a SPE as ished processing ary set

iC queries a bon for ae jobs Hao ma is aaa

ie wt sll el new work or 3 fsmiaton sina aves Foe a betes unetsundng of ow the previously deseo Algor i inplememed othe SPU side ae gue Š 2) Mabiple Views: An obviows appooach endering mle Ale views of x confonrtion sinus oto oe

lecngue kes advantage ofthe memory eeence heey

{igre 3 List headers for mule views ca easly e mined

tviout tie eof the SPE Kee igure 6 Al infor

Texxel ơi te SPE de ip a fal of al view epee of

{Cronfgmoion that can be indexed withthe view number

font ina given Uist adr (gue 2) Forte pareled

‘erson ofa alr this pack lows for oveapping eran sls con VA)

5) Preprocessing Peprovesing for gion configu

le wajghfovanl Pa each ssa alte ey pockets te

He ies ane Used Loe sample pots wade es

tne groped by coningous msn memory aldeses ite 3)

tndech op is referenced by ne list ckaent or me the

Enog is larger Dan 16K Li clement of the same sb

relrened witha enser ist baer ge 2)

49 nage comparing: Ubi ia tn RG oat

Packets" Being vals igve 2) 9 pine cols sragh-

Forwar The red, gee an ie er components ned be

seal east ges an sted i the ametuer Tis

lank cin be compued by Be PPE or dstituted among the

Salus forthe ste ray packet ned 0 be ompost st

In the crest oe Te fy Bes of poste ad native

‘epee abate eel den aden along thi epee

stat conti the yori of the pen view (gare) Nth pine al components rund for our rendering sytem ane fron deeb oemble a plementation om 8 Single SPE A sumary of te data Dow ize in gue 6 [Not ht for simply an unbited LS size assur so

xo of the depicted nes ns oe shaved jo mallee

‘ha packags nthe next seton we wll examine ieiildee Tor dsetaring ew ln among mliple SPES

Inroduced in ncn 2 The fine sane slain operate t sulla gramsany where each SPE i asigned one su-slce Tevet The couse gained model es ope crime independent

—

Á Fe gnined Rươlidistim

“The aikitidmn sĩ voxel alice in abasic in

‘ily has Seen intooed to asco Tor he Hime LS sine

ow ofes a eommenen pyoueh fr pasion The b= sce eel ice gure 1) cane site even mone the ireinating SPES for prlelrering Each SPE resis anh the tgfe Hiss reqied for the subse levels proveses Diffs our when as Belong to mule ses forthe aune sls as tis resus In depennces betwee

"be ifcen sề2bee la De chon PB sa ure 4)

‘he ascmplsed by the PPE th the mails mci

‘The PPE will nde lst ade of In cotuning depen

‘yh lo a SPE only afer the dependent as have biến E— - 1

has © wat for another complete i task sport 1

Gartuly generate and schedol jobs daring th proses

tote aa, Ray act ch be Hp ite dope ae

je while dependent jo has town, Awther scure for Toependent ry see wala f mulpe views ed oe

rendered (ee aceon 1V-B2),

‘Am allie to preserving odin among mies

slice eves sale een proposed in seston VBI one

Tay ba deat wo ath SPE rendeig ca haben

lll without any consi, Loa fal potgroves dees

"` "

1B Ghame-gmlnel Runliliuim

1a ease lle vews ned o be rendre fom the sane

‘ich SPE for a diferent view Ak thee reno dependences

ener the views the ondring process fs equaent 0 the

‘oe deste inaction VB, The drawback of ht td

la nedxsd Deity ashe uber of ws tenes the

umter of sstive SPEx Further om more eta nest Be

trnsered cate each SPE rural subsices ing the

tage spheres

“Te ests presente in thi setlon be sen mesa on

thre teen poems The fests TBM 20 blade which

provides to CBE chips wah a clock rte of 3.2 GHZ and

TN 22 bide In const te proces oes 2x4 CB

DDDRE-SDRAM an an advanced Double Preiion Phong

Point Unit which 6 ot ublized by ou plemoration As 8

theaper sheave reals reas pot ora Playa

3 IS) shịch features one CBE chip clocked 2 82 Ghr and

236 MB NDR DRAM However ony sis SPE are att

for wet applets onthe PSS, All processes ae runing

nox asthe open sem

“Te volume dit st cae for rendering reve om 2

scrayed hckpack (ce igre 7) hat repeseats piel em

ah ioe serene lie Te lie resolution is 512" yonls

eel he sce qantty 1373, Fore presi esiee

mens frying lice easton and qlantes mp woke

dha sets reused tht comin ony zs Tas iodbees 0

Implications as oe characteris of or agri isa ts

ucution fs sepenet a the aeual glune dam

For all measurements we we th fein mnilelza-

tin tesaigae: Daring experinens we found that sharing à

ingle ray bffer wih all SPEx Inter in perfomance

tobe mule ng hdlr spptoeh ly 2 stor Of 3-5 Tis

‘nd serial execution forced by sbstice dependencies, The

idvatage of wing ight SPES Is therefore diminishes In

ons the neresed meer Sota of mip ray bus

‘saccepale ss eter tacrect olson of 124 saline

‘he mulple ay Bier approach in he sbseques res

‘sero deen screen eolions i sghly sansa As the

‘ber fay pokes eenen corn retlton indepedea ost deonanes perry paket, Thete cons inlade DMA {taser of owe slices ad sep ofthe vse! sce om the [SPE sie Als the rato of the numberof DMA cals the umber of anserd ay pkes luce Deaise wore 13) Comparing the PSS qi20 and ge2 rendering ines ier shout 10% if perfonmanee is onmalzed @ ane SPE, Shiht

“ferences between the tanze and the OSes might be

‘rappin emo andi ini ashe PSS fers more undid per SPE tan he g:20 and qơ? gute) shows the and euireent fr diferent n= age resolutions, While he DMApel fund egies Tundwdin Is necessity for sealer esoloons This phe- tomenen seated othe fat of eomputation volume ata

fo be pefomed However these of te vome dat tht

ec to be tanaleed som min menary othe SPE dows

ot change Recatse the volume dt tt reamed exact

nce the SPESregirless of sen resolution The graph

Teed "ak ure ders he tauimum baad

tchiewed with bur appcation if rendering computes as

Sissies, Tis maxims bandwith veries tot the woke

rendering proces ot handy nite The peak hand

Wh of the CBE man menory is around 2 GB wich

‘considerably move tne te si bamlvidh điesi

by our application The reason et heave nln sre

lf DMA transfers is ly aun | KB for which a redction

ek performance ansiogous to cur observation is ep

ty ISL Thi al eapsine the sign Inoese fo sonar

ans for larger mage rslions sx oe eheret

packets nmin enemory led te for ler taste Dan

Thor fel fc th CBE chip te hờ

and gi? our applicabon provides NUMA supper Dut to

‘he highly pra natre of ou gt only al memory

‘gods tobe aces ding the eso proses ust oe the oped, Figure 10 denon mon eat sealing forthe

- AAtengh te mintl gel comparble toe

‘chien 5y comenteLine vione rendering sytem [1

‘hey ae eine i the some that rendering fs overage

‘wih solune sequin, Mayo these rea-tine ylane te {hat need t be updned or ret when the some dant hanes Soh pesonptatin fen feu Several scons

DP which not neosiy $0 ue Sst

“his ines Ut a stem of helped DSA ters

Packet sp esies acd, This oven! rood

bythe design of our stm Beaune nợ paket nso

‘The screen tewtion is S12" and te dẹc any for 2

seo th E6 spon The pfomae of the ols

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1: ohioet tụt the numberof pve ry paket cin

ot intone lin wih alice reslun Changing he ace

‘sedation ll lại die he oud tamer ef soles

Sot Aalapil f= ptalll the apa of

sce wil onl cle ney with the aque rt of these

‘sel, Most ays He betacen bth exons Aion

WF te own is ute dare forthe tse ex í he

soe dnt hs cad ove nave my kes hat

‘hanging the se resin the ace quays are, The

"He esltion i const at 11, The res ae lt 4

tv the ruber nf pockets tat ard tobe posed ring

Fencing The itorshiphetacen sve oat and ober

‘fray packs f naga fo đe iadondip he die

slain ad er fr pts discs peso

Pig rendering with woe dit acsion We he sown

Fw dhe alge can be mapped cts the ase

features othe Cell Beadhand Engi and has cn ce the

anlinians cafe seouiy san swenhly ingesiem

Insc igging and oes

tre work shold Fst om itgrating Ou pt nto

moss (and mu-simensnal emf tnstns [3] soa

fe implemen ofr impose igs ality

“Te wore woul ike thank the Foon ost for

Comparison of High-Speed Ray Casting on GPU

using CUDA and OpenGL

Andteas Winkie, Benjamin Keck, Holger Seher, Markus Kowarshik and Joachiny Hornegger

atte make Compute inthe

Projectian Both steps have abe apie ep

eed bick-grojecton hive born wed in linia Conte

ET Computed Tormraphy) sats in onder 1 achieve

images, Ieratve 3D resonerusion algo lie SART

‘Smulineous Hertve Resonstvction Teshnigue) (1) can

An of protons, they ae

-lgwidim 31 The Heng esconnraton consis of bạn

Insne compat: on remy sans pans A forwrd:and

IH) Especaly raystecen inplebreniions of tae forward

Projston like volume ray caster which ae ood ote

— 1

Alo in the gpleuion domaine ray eating goths te

xinsvely tate nthe field of 23D regtation [6

‘To everome the lmtatioos an ui el Kime sons for

Tors with massively parallel computation capable, Like

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