maize in the philippines production systems pot

Maize in the Philippines: Production Systems, Constraints, and Research Priorities Foberta V.. challenge Io provide move mate fran expatdleg mane, wise presen the stu esouee hase at the

Maize in the Philippines:

Production Systems, Constraints, and

Research Priorities

Foberta V Gerpeci!

“sen D.Labios?

Fomeo ¥, Labloe Emng L Dianghknay"

iFAD CIMMYT

‘aN wy cimmyton an neato fed not-for ngs ht conde tesarchand inn ned to mie and aot trouphos the deselopang wor Dring sh ong

Soptoe ad efeetepantenips, CIMMYT Worst fat sae ant tse howledze and exes) 1

“nhe Euổ tuy ng ove the provtivy a prosishasy fiona ste, unin trl

reeves Hratcl uppon or CMMYT ure omer rom mang sures cing the rember ofthe

onstatie Group on btemation Agseskwral Research (COAR Gur sysrone uso

‘overament Bunda develment bake sai oer poDB and pial gents

‘binematonl Maze ond Wheat teprovemeot Center CDIMYT 300% Alghttetencd The

esigeatons employed the presenti of gai t pubeation do ao py the expression of

Shy spon wialinever on te part of ORIMYFor tx contchuiay organs crocerning te gal

‘ans of any coun fro te)or ate, or es armes sneering he delimit of

onto or boundums, CNTencourspes fr eo is malar Puper eatin 8 requested

[Abstract TH one of teres of oa ison maize producdo system in Asa pi

projec deagned to promo susteable lenstcnuon O aie produc spe vi £rooine

isthe second most imporat fod sop fer ree} the Piippnes, and the a source of income r

‘neha of fners (1.8) sao the primary source a eed th pe foul ad Wesoek

Intnition te expected cea an eten higher demand for maze the Piles challenge

Io provide move mate fran expatdleg mane, wise presen the stu esouee hase at the

{Ison he caventsaeofmave bused Sing ssi he goal oh soy assay he

probablseaponse othe sealed bptysealen omnes Ae Phlypines ofr gem ik

‘mand Orme oy determing the consis to prety growth and the poentatenv sera

Pritnpines Production Systems Constants and Research Proves Mexico, OF: CMMYT

AGROVOC deseipion: Seed producti; Mais; Ree: Food craps fod sey ining systems:

Rup area: Morag: fare: Peng: Unesock mansyement le incrnses; Bonomi prowth nvrmmental fr: Agra poses Icetal organizations: Projet manazeneat: Puppies GUS category code: El6 PodudionHonomlsr

For Gp Husbandry Dewey devia lasix 583 1599

T7 11111141

RE ME in PP peo of fr pa opus and competing nd

‘Sop limeaay pods n 24 see sige he Pippo, a

[Geers mate cope elena 17 mts) i34 in yel vlgox túc PhlppEes TP

hắc vases gown 31 sony vbec le Đến, 7

-34kanejed se thề Phàptinee 3

"Buumeyed ages the Phẩypre, 001 ri

88 maize eles a geoph en a

hy 1B pia ins mie lcd

Top 25 pried fechnoogkaland schecoomic cons he Pipi

Figure

ewe Map oft Pipi "1

Acknowledgments

‘Tu massage eponson the ees ofthe pila apps REA and poi

‘at appaal PRA) ures conduct 2 ylges aera ight proves of he

TRlgpeet om hy 2001 to Mach 2002 ala ince Gicusons forthe Naga Muze Recuet and evelopment fn Seng Workshop hed tthe testa se sanh aluge HN) Tờ Boex Lagu, ot 12-15 Mush 2002, am om he Fh

‘Anat Workshop oe Asn Mae Soctcogont Wong Grp held r langkol AAD) and GMINYT She grt that enabled the conduct oh work, an He share

‘eparinent heads or supporing the acti garcia nhs Anew suy th a he

‘Tc auton Would ako the to thank paral Des Pho Pagaland Mise Mons

Director ofthe Departmen! of Apreulure-Burenw of Agri Research (DA-BARL for

‘appoting thi wer projet couminstor Raber Gp ‘monuges sn tech slate Regina tegrated Agra Reseach Coat he DA eglnal ect, {REARS who Beped npc he elt arveye the ave rma apd mip and ip

“ser patent stn on Srsuasnyn ere: he nomere mie expen AO Jancpted te matona mae RED prodizationWoRShop: Artemio M Sezer ela 0, projec and or esarh acinar her abuse elp on slaps the project Fay we acknowledge the edeoral cv ofthe dootnest by rasan Zee const, 2rd Ana MeNaby enue sconce teres woos the desig ad alin errkey

Sf Bint Scher Feds, CIMMINT Corpo Communications, Meso

1 Introduction

1.1 Background

elisa, hie ate toe nes pene

Tỷ Sơ kh em ts pany peter

Est rte Ppl wsey ond bsg

Mate production athe Pippin cressed at đã

tmeetlcte sỸLã% ơrera 20 ea pes LIBD-2000)

Tà nm actos aude nượnael

sang ln 1% peut 18 2

S0 09 pÌtg lấy 2E TRE công

Lupa 200), option fenpeoed hols

haze prodoctom in 18S, and for 38 by 2001 Y

‘oll be woted woweves, ha the nating average

‘maize n 2001) is low when compared to maize yields

‘Dir Asin uma (Gonzales and Lapis, 2009

supplying needed grin during an otherwise lan

loi Mmeamning hen no the system provides fiers wah smal undholdgs SSL 2000; Ensen and Labs, 2000,

+ gherdebled information on he ire ie produccon stems by agro-eeongval zones + deni sie pmdtion constraints these anes

—

developmen and poss change to promote

Sostanable male prt, Neve dam hs study sugges iat esearch and evelopment agendas s wells nding pres be onsets Ress als mate hit soioeconomis find poised consis pact alas prodctvy move hao etn coasters do

1.3 Methodology

“he dered chaneteratvn of pln mae

fie snes the fist ape hvala rap mi

‘ppm BA) an he seo nuạc à aHiepaloy

information ot low cost, and are generally very effective

‘when aywarbevel ination vguied om several

S9leted tam màe hemer themselves and

SSeondary nu tơ aowxe ha ede Pi plae

Ineroatbnal pss oganzations an ai

‘Shcatonal nines ofegeeatuce,

‘wont fr viliges acs sight majormabe- growing ‘epee the Palippines wer sslected forthe survey runt A general RA/IRA questnnmate prepared By Eninivtnas devoted ro she countyespoufe

‘Scioesoim: envirmens among ser, eldwork wes conducted throughout 2001 hy maze sk

2 Maize Agro-ecologies of the Philippines

2.1 General Characteristics

Iwindsare sonngvows evelt-rlghtsoping

banded or died Gels wih sarable depth and duaton

2003, The uptnd pbinsare cotgasns, Evel CÓ

ra uve es hog #132 học (NAREA, TR

992) bike Pelippnes, th sư seninpy generally

His land a cen ot lest oe sre

‘Gomer 100 ayn wich 705 of he love have

2.4.4, Rainted lowlands T1

eset vas Suter Bàng rong

leon of 24 aye ings nthe Pipl

“eisai dan art ig

bowling ie Vegetole an sso he grown ae ie,

Iitale a prelened ors aeurea commer le

a before the oe ofthe ry season eter

Devsmbeo when sodtinn ae apt oo We O

‘own egation war pumped fom geound of surtice

trate sources or om goverament apple sallow

maize wareties in he past, but have now shied

‘Simple to vong By mi ni sarees Ae eh

Doct sdnnal vanes ate now Gift dw

“thor ate no pra mares nthe Ba eound the

‘Seondary kes or pte vides who cae fom

anaverage of 35 kin vay to php the mae fom

villa most daring good weather lage te

{eoesle hy seasonal rough oa,

2.1.2 Upland plains

Mindnoo, were represented y eight ofthe 24 sae

aeyed ab pera a bese seas vary

‘ins Hops tre len SN reikiE£ VN

{own y sone bres along with etproved oper

Bolted varieties (OPWhandbybrds lage re

inthe upland plans in Linon ne eke 0 primary and

Secondary masets wb re usaly es ha 10 ka

352) bi fom the pronary markets Secondsry markets

‘ante mach abe ay om the ages, wh one

uke inthe srvey be 3 kino

2.4.8 Rolling-to-hilly areas

‘The rolingt-hly mane agm-ecoloiet ean be vad

‘toss biton, Vays, and Mindanao tnd and

Tepretened by Ld ofihe 24 se surveyed As nthe

pind ple thess areas are aed sh aie ©

[own take a your nth thi erop af maze oe

Shutter upland rp boing plated sweater

here, duet the nual iy topography Mos sige

lnthose areas can be sched though gave ads

“consinipsion or eling fresh some, Consequently ihe male vanes growa and he produelon

‘scoring to endane goats In Cobo and Leyte ithe

‘aayoss mane ign hase) for ood and Bnner reer focal vanish improved

‘Ovi, which hae her input and management Fequtements, In Luzon and Mindanao, where mie frown br mcume mipeoved OPVe aad hybs are

2.2 Biophysical Environment 2.2.4 Rainlall

“he Coron System ofclinate casein the ost

Bề ôn Tái Thriotei

‘ovate defn a5 bbws Natal Ron Sinton ype Eine pranoubced wens ny tom

‘avember Apt wel daring the eee a ihe yar ype tne dy season, wh a ver proaonnces + Type seasons not Yer promounced dy ome Ngề nhe 9 ApyIaad ve daring the tet the

Ta ——

arbi siya chascterte exits esen within eoprapieal egloos Annual vt all stacy ates fescep Southern Mananao) su fiet be maie

bk 2) Noize firmer who ars parlor otal Aependoot oral abit he roppiag calendar 0

‘ofede wit months Hen precpaaton wil be Safe 1 spy emp water quirements bMindory Deieott Soatern Blog pc followed by «aie planing soppored by residual sot

“net and Supplementary angaton ong Timed pooper his i comiony done Ôanheris [Nvvember and Gres wh pla heir mie cvler

‘September tsk Hoodig Hom the talons ofthe aly ean Males cin be lected by dy per ati

“mảnh stages during sear kheh the Sy seson somes

‘ethan expected, Soh Cush bas the owes Shuualsverage msnllameng the dy ses yet hee Fegion is bwest dung planting of he rs raze cop

Sổ hạhe dong te hed alzeeopping

bs Comarines Sue Dol) and Leste sien Vaya

oth of Tine Wslinate there no pronounced dy

‘ton, ahd il cn supper Wo 0 eee mae

Spnscne rk tro emer wh may se tele

ndog erp tony ate He ooh pons at

ic thew as eath Year

Te Tpe Mtinate of elt Cagayan Vey, has a

serge rll ony 47 wm te fest ase crop

ths tselingsshares period bisa ster period or

the second and thi eros >200 mse mean

utsinon a Noshern Mindanao als produces sree

srops of mave per jeuz wih nfl a 10 san

‘ee pining ihe ea copping, bat peaking 0

second cop & plated ina wetter envionment aan

sveage >100 mi per inoat dug he grows

tư sp

Cato m Cental Mingias, where even rl

Asasbuton allows to tes rope of mez fe be

produced, wed by 4 shoe dry mướn opal

2.2.2 Temperature

‘he annulate averages 27% ats the

cipht menos sade, ih got 33% doing

Sune! CUbl 3) be Miippine, emperture

‘erie dang he mie cropping scizans do wat

ekaly Rt the aie crop 2 do abl abo

2.2.8 ypesot soil fey aes are vey ted Pant or ogin mater

‘ture shows salmaps, btn onthe torent lati of el ker degen

— cements the arch se Uickig, Primary soldota were thertre denvee anos nef frm hiợnteet dương the BRERA,

Fionerespondents sessed the advantages and Atasdvamages ofeach of re sl pes based on rena and sahiy rap prodton oe other gnc ve The ost comron sty the thik, gener sited eo mo emps {ND 3

——

+ Sindy ame ate not watered bat more sonespible to dg

+ Cay bn sik of babel can mae nd prepariti Aiea đang th wet Season + ay ad cleo sie rie in the ily ioe eas of Cob ae only arpa suubl $7 cep + sulin me hy ago-ecorone a Lepeieaded

an + Sok in he wpa phn a ily mae ag ‘eobglesin Coane ae sicady sgh eroded,

‘wo 2, Average anil fal and epoca in male produson areas he Pipi 1960-1999,

‘yest omy TETTDTEGI “al eee 7S Pron Srmie Sten Tape an Marae te Ha

ines ae we "TM TH M— Em" mm

trang

er a ee Wve ema HO n aoa mạ

‘ne conan Rapa ri a m

“Role 3 Adionages and dinates at il ypasasreprie by lars in male production ra he

Soya pag ay ana ge evar ary

soot ‘ete 1 Ste an

"crane ae

oa udder onan Toll el ee

oyticenteon pita Sec aa yoyo ees "on Wie 8 Nandirespoaan seein "——”— 0, xagdhtelrare

2.3

2.8.1 Line agencies

‘Goverment extenshn offices from the Deparoent of

tiles, DA nara esbnisims regubly coast

faemen fo schoo’ and taining sessions, whi

firming Neighbors and other fers within the

‘commanty share Knowledge and ate regarded as

Salable sources of pommatin Sed company Bld

ot its general finite tothe prodact they ave seine

‘Here fs ithe or ho enteason service provided by

‘ucvey areas Non-povsemien organizations NGO

«and ineratsnal arial escazch center WARES)

Institutional Environment

2.3.2, Farmer cooperatives and user

groups

mm and Hep

ihothe Ane the “pana spte, tara

the sạn cai vẩbgev meuding men aeucutone

‘tuperties,goteranteal an som goverament

‘These groups provae techn fansial or Belband

3s98anee lạ thet mem, lì the An [1xesadk

sistnce and heb n estblshing smallconeerer ites) ses acngay oracighborhood ofa 8 Fetgions programs and seminars nex especie

2.5.3 Sources of material inputs

‘he many arent stores in he connie ad

‘ies make maltal puts for top podacton schas Seeds, eines, asd estes realy vate For prnavetin npc nd stead obtain her sappies’ fom phe haderRishien eae on charge

The DA sometimes proves mane frm eo

‘coimplan, however, that maize seeds feceivedtheowgh

overamientprogans ole hve poe germination hares whienthery exchanged or hough OPV sed from ice neighbor, ter Gamers who grow whee Rogtoted ÔN chi seeds fom the DA greta

‘reoleges wit maize breeding and seed production

Program

2.3.4 Credit institutions

they instep rier tm opened

hgherdep ai! ile ad ty O08

Than meeiB> mã te tr ru tk,

Thane taken ducing she pss topping season tderfnancor, Ahow Bi ofthe phuned srede fom coopeitnes, and only 2 had chough cpl

taka no tamer used these sources Because they

(Gua he paper work a tedious ind the queens {nv insinnins ony extend apnea ane 1

3.3.8 Priees of Iapbls and oulpuls pfSseevelsep0E£feopcOfe crops and reo nthe strvey ana, Pave vats bee

‘Wo s ange o pres in pine pose PA of arm nous ulus, an compating ard corpleertary produc in 24

_srvyed lags te Pipi

as Sd

Wey, _ (8s — ¬

Nhu subline gimme imagen

irs ose eae

bao ea ra) ae NẠP _¬ = “a

“39s BÊ mi, HIỂM mse THAM 0192

handing fcitice provided hy suppl See

fiers and pesteites atthe most comaron

fatal pus bought by mae bse Seeds of

re led oreschanged with other ares win the

‘lige f tough seed ofa tadconal viet

‘sso 30.024) eWay to AP 0-7 207k

{US 909-0 4g) Mindoroo, wl that of he

'ntaUimg/anee Of aneed Eom Tl-A0i8g (USS

B46.8401kg)semose he suey ses lyr sede

ranged rom FHP 300-2.235/hg or aboot T0, ag Ss 0100

The mos! common izes ued nie proton

srreponted by merseued timer ate wen 6-060

sane (18-14-11) andaonmonhn sie (21-00)

Eilers ch ons PRPSRO-900 (US6 760-10.20),

Thị 400 N87 90-10.) and PMFDGD- 30 SS

5:20-6:00) per sD ug respecely Otter

TP) S40 1SG.A0./00).nêvmnaniem

ape i201) PHPSAD-SHE (USS 7 20-10.60)

no but nlite eee cheapest,

sourse ofetrogen about PBPI08-300/hg or

Pats 205 /kg WSS 520-5, A0/bag oF USS 0.10

Tramare (AMM]snd hen đeng ae ale reported 1

ein sei some sey ses,

‘he mos common potest ae Kote

redan, Dec and 2.4, Othe, 3 1D

bere) the cheapest at TRESS8.380/Mer

1089156 E80) 2m9 fordhe nụ teedleldk] he

‘mos expensive gt FMPPON-1 DDD 01 (4-20.00¥ 1g

on Seds are common ieaed 9A Lar 1

Nghe mong te suy iexfr the hybn-gmvpe

hse seas of rzon ind Mndanaes noe othe

noel to net lg Unseen

-Atehee dạ 8a seperate ot

ponder bases bors Non

Sproul male or enjysa higher daily wage mite

‘feqp0-280 SS ,40-iy epending 09 eth

onyparedt the bias bor nage ate of FOES

Iss! 20-3.0Vdsy.Ageeulvnl borer fee ex

fessne wages ranging fom PHPPS-100 USS

"Rypersi-dayt Laon, a PAPS?-HG (USSU 00 ` 60Mptmarcla 8 lie Vesys se PMIND S5

{US6120-1 70Vpemon day Mindaoa PRBL

Stocks andor nh re sometimes ako pried or

‘he fn workers especialy dur nhường and

onset for esher pling or harcsng mae The

enttctaangenent is aly ced te "pya

ocae fate dng ploming: Harvesters oe pai eter

‘en arpersick mie or Kin, geting share oe toll banested coke /Bbe The mos como

hares sharng scheme i 10-1, whem firey 10 sacks ofharested maize, he owner set 9 sks and

Fox bd preparation, sme temers concur heel

tnd Cotakat, erranging fom PAPI 200 1,300 103824

36 00vhaÌn Midare Đelôena Aihmal ower with pec ni mac TRPNI-300 XE) 00-300 persnanmal dry, However lambayong, South (Cotabato nina per and animal power bah spemtoram rented at PaO (US8 20 ¥animat day sd P135 SSD 3Uvperen-anmal day ort PON ond APIO (0391-3000) er passing wspectneh

ya 100 AS$0.802 0 anima da

‘elng and ling, Sheling done sing the mechan sleen costs PP 20 0 HIS

0401301 vi sms: te gia iếc Manoa!

‘home The grin etele, the su-died c3-+

(g9 jU Re cement povenent anes

‘Prem paying anywhere fu te inal PRP 0 o righ ss PHP} 00 S804|-0.33080 xg set of

ae fr he use ofthese pavements Due 0 hck of tying ees, rng ay sous gay sẽ ommonly weed ax dryngpavernemts Surg peak harvest Seon Wye, Mate dedi he Ras lo sib hirsongerstorge as ae fs os Boome Mandan ol immediate afer ding to eovinate the need fr aoeage, Mig prised lyn roi Net hes miler yes ore es HS seas, mae pai piled batches wheneser needed an sod fora eran ped

region surveyed, Bgenemt mae gra pes Me higher by li PHI DU là nee markets sureey maze gran pcs ange toon FHFS.00-980 {USS 0-0 404g at te am gate to FPS 0,00 TINS 104 20/8 túc nearest nae Some mace

‘mer in Cob and Leste kept moe of he grins home consumption; however ihe Fw fers wh tholeabte aac camtelbenegeb PS 4 0)

1580 1041aVbg site Em £ue and P2 01-850 (0880212411706 the neuet tie, Yelue me avo bys commanded higher pose thn white

‘eaediiona mie in moo survey ies excent

Scat Cabs and Cast these aan poses af

his wae ranged form FES S010, SL

.20vig a compared to ony PRPS 50-8 001095007

.918/Ág oF yellow maize

‘nike mee se nid etl

‘a hey would phat Whey could to pat mae

{be 4) These cps ieude ke veệeDRles

fepgpti sqush, sup beans tomatoes obra swe!

Beanie Ree waste in competing cop amaze

abel Le, tu Chubab sa Cab wh

‘ak R0 12.0 400g arUSS5/H/5)-kg se) Pang

peak havent season, vegeubles in Cuaites Sat

eu, Bilson, South Cabo, ad Caabate

{ssiaa- 1 bya; peanut was sa at PRPS

40.0000880.25-2 804g Rimes enjoy higher profs

she soa higher pres han mate

“Ba to come gene by aie pout firmer sito rate fsestoc and post inthe

kadyarde Tie no connor onenale sed among

ihe surveyed farmers were pou a sine wth

rahe paces ging fem PHIGD-751US8120-1 0

por P10 WSS1 34-2,Nvhend and PHPST-7D

S0 i1, esyeetbel Carbao aod cate

0n Tem TH gene emessoane

ee ee ee,

Xe nai tu HIẾU TẾ) SSeS ee

2.4 Infrastructure Physical accessibility ang irigation

Silage sureyed hive gated and gravel ead thi

‘be vse thoughout the pari 5) Some

‘eh, expecly daring the ray sean, Farmers these sages ue snimel drawn crt bal Wel products oth nearest ma

Mos sitiges surveyed i eis dy ave 9 major

‘gation projets oasis and rms depend

‘ear aeoe with mation, the Leste, keno, South Coots ad Cobar nbn mot of tet water fo

‘Re orsegetale ther than mie

‘hdl Inrasrururesatsin 24 aveyed vitges the Puppies

Ses er uae age THƠ: ae se a

SEL” eet matangy win, sien wn forint, Mie, torte car ‘SUR Siem, aan ein shee, et

2.4.2 Post-harvest facilites

[ited to slarders oa cement pavement

‘mechan sell and wis Cube 3)

roving mechankal mie sheer somes to he

‘iloges dng harvest, or mers can hove tbe mii

Selle aa privately oped stationary shells

process pin fended forhome ose Gin ded 09

nent pavement aed even national oad, tựu

ored ond shelled only as needed firhome

Ccnsuinpion Mestanga maze mils and tadtal

Se os gin 0H nme dey ae? dying

hares yeuiement inthe survey areas most sey

Ses: sal quntems of gate fenced forfuure use

however in Cebu and Leyte and inthe provinees of

‘ndon Ocencra and Canines Sie

2.4.3 Proximity to markets and

marketing practices

Moe fret ell he gan another fem products

‘cr desl pbb ate te ears Wh come

{othe wages Among the suey es barangay Se

fihest fom the nearestp inary marke Cogayan de

(Oo Gis 183 km aay fe Bangs Sones

hed hy maze frre he say (Table S) gener

-KIEfhaneed mae mets ltl gsi in secondary

Te the ñ0ebeer dep te ow pres hey of et

The aderinaecion se (hệ vibes ding harvest

‘tnansponaion set maybe changed 0 he mer

"oulered ye tds or bared by both pais,

rneaby ares, armen conser ed mrs gd

hae outs Recause gen ey eh higher Han

Tnulei pres and some fed mil no hitt Voy

2.5 Socioeconomic Characteristics 2.8.1 Households and ethnicity

‘fe eight spon stayed South Ctahis as the sages illowed hy Cotabato and Camarines Sor Ce Shh Lyte Region MU bo the hemos combined tnanm Qesdcnsl ie Sin Bako: provincen ueed Mang tend co have her verge household sires han ose Ligon an Vy,

hn gmuping i icaled in he replns oF povinse,

“Toe nag nd Roca groups ae promiten là kieh, {marines Sr The sy area in Mindanao «Boidnon South Cotabato, apd Ctsoto had the Mbox umber

‘be 6s

Most nowseholls in he surveyed ilges woe headed

hy mẹ be 6), bu wives responders spor ast Isha and wife ay an egal se rake Bemog deci nce nection bceartcned ibe tea nip, bssrstinghs op to 1 pfhoweeheMtim the stay aes of Manan ae ed hy ales, a he Ina hosel eas an ugh empinmenn

2.8.2 Literacy and level of education

et sen heir chien to seh The map s the popuitn inthe surveyed vilages hs tended of onpited prunrySeuotng wh signa nhọn

to unery(Uble 6), About 665 of hos in abele

‘econdan’ schol and 25° of tae kis hive tended or completed tena kslege) educate Contos, 80% oe populism is Laonen, Thole South Cothat cana fader we, Education exa fncobtige fing hnshokis to oat and dope

‘node tstwobgies hat prove fa prov,

2.5.8 landholdings and tenure

‘ongesFom 48-43 ha ible 6) Mindoro Octal

hasthe beges average len se 22-49 bah whe

‘ots asthe sat ms 84.0 he

‘ager sureyed Leyte snd Sth Cotas hae

recorded dota on apse] uadhstings,

Ibndowere, withthe highest psopenion 8) ing m

Madore Occidemat (ab 6) Late and Camasnes Sus

hc nd are t them op apne rebrm enefees ARB] and noe Crete Land

‘anak CLD A at group made op oftndlese laborers, teresting Gabela hee maize

‘opooniygzown for commereal pugoses) has mor tecunta/sharecroppet than undone alhough ako ha the hghes propo of 17 avandocn her noteesble ning ithe comple abseee of lanes borers bes wponed tbe viuges of

2.5.4 Maize utilization

[non and Sindananisold to estosk snd poultry

‘Sed milan lot hmedaely fer dying bat

‘Sime in Minao keep 3 Meher popeton of hie

ares frome satruriplon tan dormer in

tên, hr Bikignon, Sime pom tat even pedo

nai be pocesod nd consuned se bod it anes of

‘nthe omer had, harvests locaton white

privines of Coho and Layee most mained at

ome for tumon eonsumptin ad unital ed these

‘hteseproninges als retain «sgnienntprsenage of

eimai Mivest feed purposes,

Actosal saey ses oly» mininal propotion of

(6l ose ganloeipl epođed ssalacte8 l nhẹ

‘Ubi 7 Farmer dure by canoe ase 28

_arveyed lage te Pilipinas

maze mens he ean 9 meome rp

Sh sử Gmeerespondcnts to prove dees ihe nrey shor we ited arte por mean ieee th xa ch mmup beng

chưactz8n by oi pranstenaa ni si, ee

owned ible 7)

tenant or sharecropper, wi ge Houschobe and tet re eeaion they own hee land these {mer lend tore smalls af ep 020 boven fom mae production and ore agri

fnterpses uuu 3 ied ber oe ams) aber

fiers eam an estimated 89-26% aftheirmeome fom

haze production and no fan hỏi i£Ethual howe 180 bf flied and hse moe sources of Total bousehollncone, and non-h3 aeieHEe Prova abour6-14% of heir otl esr, Typist

‘working i fictories o stores in nearby sities, an

‘kag 8 consrction ore witha seus the Ets hay whe wore ton ons ka of erp

dependent op maize prducion, which provides oaly shone 29.56% of eiphousel comes ofthe nee Ihcome gevupe te chứngerstialyreeeke the gretenl=merries The ch nner oe member the iy may hane sa cềuento tực diovs tem lu bài khie-c0B 2 be dien lếc

3 Maize Production Trends and Systems

3.1 Maize Production Trends

shout 3 millon metne tone i) Rareted om abou 3.2

tilon hestares ta), poting sh average yk! 0091

Tho 1990, maze producto peled 8 ion

10 he soon ptodieed V4 min tay ý mu

Aecined hy aboot 18 perseorwhie serge mire

Yield nected by 3.25 pr yen resoking only 9

she site produstin inthe coanty Motion of

Yellow maze creased fom about 332900 fons a O80 co 2 vo ons in 2000, growth of 89% por

218% annals fom 27 rion tne 980 0 19

"nllon wos 2000 (be 8) Yel ad as pleted

Sellow maze eresed signal (om 1980

Qi those parametem er whe mate decea

increas in yellow tive prodtion ie duet wi

stopton of higher sieing maize varieties, whieh were

raze gin om Tvestoek ed ter, Meapue,

thks tue production delined Recs

snd shi he are that ase fo he plated white toe, yellow maize ade higher ale cops Ike

Te eight nape maze-producig provinces inthe level uring (980-2000, Kable, Mindoro 0eeilenl, Camarines Sur and Butiloon showed avo thn maize

‘naive peoshiction ible 81, Among these four rovines, Kabel posed a declining trend in worl aes

sd inal ou provinces grew postively veto she increase ol lamer adoption ofbigher-silding maine

‘Occidental exceeded the national average ye! vel of

During 1980-2000 howeves the mauze-<onssming

provinces of Cebu and Ley posed negate growth

echning production af ath yell and wie mate

These renders fom th oInonaxdetlnc

996-2000, Mindoro Osidntal and Leste pond

tan 30.808 ai 35000 ros of mee eapecney,

bing yell while alee produced in Leste wat

Dost white

3.2 Maize Production Systems

3.2.1 Major farm enterprises

Te ar ager wlerio aos he thy ate ie

Negetables legumes rot crops, and other cash crops

si sho pled as ely erops oF neops¥ aS

area, Most farm househokis ako engage in small-seak

‘Wacaed) pou ad Westock prs io algnemt

‘toe and spy howe needs Now-laria aei/8£

Drdvna eyes or spneys fhe ako preie

Idatonal income in many of he secede,

Amit crnmonly ey ie mes ned

‘att euabaos Gene bathe) gout sự nể

Ippes ind wate Water hunes are hepa work

anon whe ete, gos, an swine sre

Kept io Stas neces expec drs lean

abel, Cimnes Sut Biman, South Casha an Catabaio, ih gpe-econnee, to cops of nae oe

Sometimes withthe cecond erp of maze intereropped

tet vegetables (Ube 9) a sme seas, «Pi esp of rae, tobseco in Babee or ung ean an he eo

he uplany sloping, ling maize apr

fe frmersphming atid sop sfmane games, Segotubles, ea combate thseol ble 9k s0eped ng ựs devoted to thie srpping pater, Using gumes i he tid topping vo atest

‘nrenropping legumes wih During he second

‘upping, web theres extretely gil abd

‘ter ssh crops wih malv.ahoogh se sl ek Inalae cop Wan nents, maze & plated only

‘Wigan ecaone in Cabs and Lee lw thet elke luc the thd ecpping avo crop are bị Buksnon, fries conser upland rie aid vegetables aire and thet ae ae merrepRel de ehy

"opped wil mage (plan me gen planed in &

Sequrate parson), South Cuba, mers Snfvorabis weather Firmen estimate ha 31 0 855

‘sfthereoivted sea k geowa wo me Mb the rest

TH TY CN ‘oo ns lay

Tabelaor a the dy scuson ep Mind ni

Onin ater ueped eT) xa Mi Dt as ae eee me

"son khen inl ean spp he ee

Bi 70-1005 6ftúe san ae plated to

te dung te ve

ia Heit {masa gt

‘eee tn Bem pee

3.2.8 Maize cropping calendar

fine nthe sommer month, Pansing ream the fst

‘op sans ape My els ata Maye

second pve cop September Oetaher,snest

inmediely ater aresting the Es crp, we

salen simi aero the plan plains atthe

fellng-to-ily aie production eotirowete Si

erica ie plied in Octobe Novemer wae the

"nansonp in ve subse eer are ate no

0 đeby mabe phig 0a! Deeenhệt betsuie

‘py un hs he second cropping om

AtgoalSeptember vit November sib Wah he

Seleepriny be town fon Deeepher Mach

ght Beto she amet of wnmet

mi piuted m lebnupfMarsh an bạneved

Spina sloping lingo environments Sth

‘Soage fine i he mane reponse proved 0 ose ia od apps us hugh

frown purely ircashmsome, timers are moe Ie

ih grow bybes! vores as Wg ey have acest TRỤ higher ee canbe expeced fom these moves var proper quanies of inputs re sped

"be 16 General maize peng clot (17 monn inte 24 veyed ila he Phlpphes

Same Ea =———

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