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Tiêu đề Information Economy Report 2007-2008: Science and technology for development: the new paradigm of ICT
Trường học United Nations
Chuyên ngành International Trade and Development
Thể loại report
Năm xuất bản 2007
Thành phố New York and Geneva
Định dạng
Số trang 386
Dung lượng 9,62 MB

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INFORMATION ECONOMY REPORT

2007-2008 Science and technology for development:

the new paradigm of ICT

Prepared by the UNCTAD secretariat

UNITED NATIONS

New York and Geneva, 2007

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UNITED NATIONS PUBLICATIONSales No E.07.II.D.13ISBN 978-92-1-112724-9

Copyright © United Nations, 2007 All rights reserved

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Foreword iii

Acknowledgements iv

List of boxes xi

List of charts xii

List of tables xv

List of abbreviations xvii

Explanatory notes xxi

Overview xxiii

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CIS Commonwealth of Independent States

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