Từ nối “While” được sử dụng để tạo thành câu ghép, nối hai mệnh đề với nhau, mang nghĩa trong khi điều này xảy ra thì điều kia xảy ra.. Từ nối “While” được sử dụng để tạo thành câu ghép,
The environment
Nowadays, people have little awareness of the importance of the natural world What are the reasons and how can people learn more about the natural world? (Đề thi ngày 06/04/2019)
These days, many people do not fully comprehend how absolutely important nature is for the existence of human beings This essay will discuss some reasons why people do not understand its importance, and some ways they can learn more about it
In modern societies, most people have a severe lack of understanding when it comes to the role that nature plays in their lives, and this can be attributed to a number of reasons (1) Firstly, most modern cities these days are nothing more than concrete jungles, devoid of any significant amount of nature As a consequence, people are not close to nature and therefore do not appreciate or understand its significance Kids these days spend their free time playing computer games or staring at a smartphone or
TV screen, while adults are endlessly working or pursuing other leisure activities, which tends to disconnect them from the natural world (2) Another possible reason for this lack of understanding may be that it is not taught in schools For example, biology is not one of the subjects that holds great importance in most schools these days
However, there are various solutions to this problem Firstly, cities need to become greener
Local governments need to incorporate larger
The existence of human beings: sự tồn tại của loài người
A severe lack of understanding: sự thiếu hiểu biết trầm trọng
The role that nature plays in their lives: vai trò của thiên nhiên trong cuộc sống của họ
Nothing more than concrete jungles: không có gì hơn ngoài bê tông cốt thép
Devoid of any: không có bất kì
Staring at a smartphone or TV screen: nhìn chằm chằm vào điện thoại hay TV
Disconnect them from the natural world: ngăn cách họ khỏi thiên nhiên
Incorporate larger green spaces: tập hợp những không gian xanh lớn hơn green spaces into cities so that people are encouraged to spend more time in nature on a daily basis The streets must be lined with trees, and there must be large parks in every single neighbourhood Furthermore, there must be large communal spaces where people can learn about gardening and growing food In addition, and most importantly, children need to be taught about the importance of nature in school Such subjects need to be a compulsory part of every child’s education in order to ensure that future generations are well aware of the importance of nature and how to live in harmony with it (3)
In conclusion, being close to nature and learning about it in school or elsewhere is of vital importance to future generations Without a deep understanding and appreciation of nature the human race will face catastrophic consequences
Câu (1): Most people have a severe lack of understanding when it comes to the role that nature plays in their lives, and this can be attributed to a number of reasons
“When it comes to the role that nature plays in their lives” là một cụm trạng từ, với cấu trúc “When it comes to” là khi nói đến, khi xét đến
Cấu trúc “This can be attributed to” mang nghĩa: điều này có thể bị quy cho
Large communal spaces: không gian chung rộng hơn
A compulsory part of every child’s education: phần bắt buộc trong giáo dục của mỗi trẻ em
Live in harmony with it: sống hài hòa với nó
A deep understanding and appreciation: sự hiểu biết và trân trọng sâu sắc
The human race: loài người
Catastrophic consequences: thảm họa tồi tệ
Câu (2): Kids these days spend their free time playing computer games or staring at a smartphone or TV screen, while adults are endlessly working or pursuing other leisure activities, which tends to disconnect them from the natural world
Mệnh đề quan hệ “which tends to disconnect them from the natural world” mang nghĩa: làm họ xa cách hơn với thiên nhiên, được sử dụng để bổ sung ý nghĩa cho “other leisure activities” (những hoạt động giải trí khác)
“Spend one’s free time doing something” mang nghĩa dành thời gian làm gì
“To pursue something” có nghĩa là theo đuổi một cái gì đó.
Từ nối “While” được sử dụng để tạo thành câu ghép, nối hai mệnh đề với nhau, mang nghĩa trong khi điều này xảy ra thì điều kia xảy ra
Câu (3): Such subjects need to be a compulsory part of every child’s education in order to ensure that future generations are well aware of the importance of nature and how to live in harmony with it
Từ “Such” được đặt trước từ “subject” để nhấn mạnh: những môn học đó chứ không phải một môn học bất kì nào đó
“in order to” được dùng để nhấn mạnh vào mục đích của hạnh động, để làm gì đó
“to be well aware of” mang nghĩa hiểu rõ về vấn đề gì đó.
Skills vs Knowledge for Business
Many employers find that their new employees lack sufficient interpersonal skills such as lack of ability to work with colleagues as a team.
What are the causes? Can you suggest some possible solutions? (Đề thi ngày 11/05/2019)
Some employers nowadays are observing that their newly-hired staff lack fundamental interpersonal skills, such as teamwork This problem results from a number of cause to which several solutions will be proposed in this essay
First, the lack of interpersonal skills in new employees is attributable to the nature of their previous workplace In many companies, employees are divided into departments and work in small separate spaces or cubicles, in which each member is assigned particular tasks unrelated to their colleagues (1) Opportunities to share experience or exchange work-related subjects therefore rarely arise and teamwork skills cannot be developed A lack of proper training during time at university could be another cause Tertiary education nowadays seems to place more emphasis on training students to excel in their major through theoretical subjects rather than equipping them with fundamental soft skills (2) Many fresh graduates as a result are unable to collaborate effectively with their co-workers once entering the workforce despite having extensive expertise
Newly-hired staff: nhân viên mới được nhận làm việc
Be attributable to: được quy cho (nguyên nhân)
Work in small separate spaces or cubicles: làm việc trong những không gian nhỏ hoặc những phòng được ngăn cách
Is assigned particular tasks: được giao những công việc nhất định
Place more emphasis on: chú trọng vào thứ gì đó hơn
Entering the workforce: gia nhập lực lượng lao động
Extensive expertise: chuyên môn sâu rộng
There are some solutions that can be implemented by companies and universities to address the problem For instance, companies need to alter the way in which their employees work in order to create more opportunities for colleague interaction Instead of working individually, projects could be more teamwork- orientated Also, the grading criteria currently applied at university need to be changed to incorporate more soft skill training Apart from compulsory major-related subjects, students should also be engaged in workshops or subjects specializing in job-related skills All of these subjects will count towards students’ overall GPA when they gradate to ensure they are well- equipped with appropriate workplace skills
In conclusion, a lack of basic interpersonal skills in new employees stems from businesses’ workplace practices and the educational system, and there are a number of feasible solutions to tackle this issue
Câu (1): Most people have a severe lack of understanding when it comes to the role that nature plays in their lives, and this can be attributed to a number of reasons
“When it comes to the role that nature plays in their lives” là một cụm trạng từ, với cấu trúc “When it comes to” là khi nói đến, khi xét đến
Colleague interaction: sự tương tác giữa đồng nghiệp
Projects could be more teamwork-orientated: những dự án có thể được định hướng làm việc theo nhóm
Count towards: được tính vào
Câu (2): Kids these days spend their free time playing computer games or staring at a smartphone or TV screen, while adults are endlessly working or pursuing other leisure activities, which tends to disconnect them from the natural world
Mệnh đề quan hệ “which tends to disconnect them from the natural world” mang nghĩa: làm họ xa cách hơn với thiên nhiên, được sử dụng để bổ sung ý nghĩa cho “other leisure activities” (những hoạt động giải trí khác)
“Spend one’s free time doing something” mang nghĩa dành thời gian làm gì
“To pursue something” có nghĩa là theo đuổi một cái gì đó
Từ nối “While” được sử dụng để tạo thành câu ghép, nối hai mệnh đề với nhau, mang nghĩa trong khi điều này xảy ra thì điều kia xảy ra
Câu (3): Such subjects need to be a compulsory part of every child’s education in order to ensure that future generations are well aware of the importance of nature and how to live in harmony with it
Từ “Such” được đặt trước từ “subject” để nhấn mạnh: những môn học đó chứ không phải một môn học bất kì nào đó
“in order to” được dùng để nhấn mạnh vào mục đích của hạnh động, để làm gì đó
“to be well aware of” mang nghĩa hiểu rõ về vấn đề gì đó.
Museum
Many museums and historical sites are mainly visited by tourists but not local people Why is it the case? What can be done to attract more local people to visit these places? (Đề thi ngày 22/06/2019)
These days, a lot of museums and historical sites seem to appeal mainly to tourists, rather than locals This essay will discuss a number of plausible reasons why this occurring, and a number of possible ways to attract more local people
There may be a variety of factors contributing to the low numbers of local people visiting museums and historical sites Firstly, it is possible that most local people have already visited such places, and may already have significant knowledge of their own culture and history, and therefore do not feel the need to return to these places often, or even at all (1) Therefore, the majority of people visiting are mostly tourists
Furthermore, many local people probably prefer to spend their free time and holidays visiting other areas outside of their hometown or country, because they are more interested in learning about other cultures and history, rather than their own
Although it does seem to be a quite a difficult task attracting more locals to visit their own museums and historical sites, there are a number of solutions that could encourage them to do so (2) One possible solution may be for local governments to continually upgrade museums by rotating artefacts and displays, in order to
To have significant knowledge of their own culture and history: có hiểu biết sâu rộng về văn hóa lịch sử địa phương
Rotating artefacts and displays: xoay vòng những đồ tạo tác và vật phẩm trưng bày arouse more interest from locals Different exhibitions could be displayed and promoted more often, focusing on different themes, or aspects of the culture (3) Secondly, governments could also encourage and fund annual trips for local school children to museums and historical sites And lastly, free entry to such places for locals may also encourage more local visitors
In conclusion, attracting local people to visit museums and historical sites in their area may be a difficult process, however, there are a number of ways that locals could be encouraged to do so
Câu (1): Firstly, it is possible that most local people have already visited such places, and may already have significant knowledge of their own culture and history, and therefore do not feel the need to return to these places often, or even at all
Cấu trúc chủ ngữ giả “It to be adjective clause”, mệnh đề theo sau là mệnh đề thật của câu
Cấu trúc “or even at all” nhấn mạnh sử phủ định, mang nghĩa là: hoàn toàn không
Từ “Such” được đặt trước từ “subject” để nhấn mạnh: những địa điểm đó là bảo tàng và di tích lịch sử chứ không phải là những địa điểm khác
Từ nối “therefore” đứng trước động từ chính trong câu chỉ mối quan hệ: kết quả của hành động trước
To arouse more interest from locals: khơi dậy sự quan tâm nhiều hơn từ người dân địa phương
To encourage and fund annual trips: khuyến khích và tài trợ các chuyến tham quan hàng năm
Câu (2): Although it does seem to be a quite a difficult task attracting more locals to visit their own museums and historical sites, there are a number of solutions that could encourage them to do so
“It does seem to be” theo sau bởi một danh từ, cụm danh từ hoặc mệnh đề danh từ mang nghĩa: dường như là
“Encourage somebody to do something” mang nghĩa khuyến khích ai đó làm gì
“Although” là liên từ dùng để nối hai mệnh đề trái ngược nhau về ý nghĩa
Câu (3): Different exhibitions could be displayed and promoted more often, focusing on different themes, or aspects of the culture
“focusing on the culture” là mệnh đề quan hệ rút gọn thể chủ động, bổ sung thông tin cho danh từ exhibitions”
“focus on something” mang nghĩa tập trung vào cái gì hay việc gì
“aspects of something” mang nghĩa các khía cạnh khác nhau của một chủ đề, lĩnh vực, v.v nào đó
City life
In many countries, the costs of living are rising What are the effects of this on individuals and society? Suggest solutions to this problem (Đề thi ngày 01/08/2019)
These days, many people around the world are struggling to deal with rising living costs The following essay will outline some of the effects of this issue, and some possible solutions
Higher living costs are affecting both individuals and society in a number of ways On an individual level, many people, particularly those living in big cities these days, cannot keep up with the rising costs of living and therefore have to have more than one job in order to make ends meet As a result, these people barely have any time left for leisure activities and could even be more prone to negative medical conditions like depression or anxiety disorder On a societal level, rising living costs can cause people with financial problems to turn to crime in order to make more money For example, in some Asian countries where the monthly salary of a police officer is very low, many of them turn to corruption to make enough money (1)
Although rising living costs pose serious problems in many places, there are a number of solutions that could be implemented to help tackle this issue Firstly, individuals need to learn how to budget their income more effectively, and be careful not to waste money By adhering to a strict budget, people will be able to pay their bills and save money to cover other expenses On
To struggle to deal with something: gặp khó khăn giải quyết vấn đề gì đó
To keep up with something: bắt kịp với cái gì đó (xu thế, giá cả…)
To make ends meet: duy trì nhu cầu cơ bản nhất trong cuộc sống
To have many negative effects on something: có ảnh hưởng tiêu cực vào cái gì đó
To cause people with financial problems to turn to crime: khiến cho những người gặp vấn đề tài chính phạm tội
To budget their income more effectively: chi tiêu thu nhập một cách hiệu quả hơn
To adhere to a strict budget: tuân thủ chi tiêu nghiêm khắc the other hand, governments should enact laws to ensure that citizens receive minimum wages that are enough to cover rising living expenses (2) Lastly, governments can create more jobs, particularly in big cities where living costs are much higher (3)
In conclusion, although many people around the world are finding it difficult to cope with rising living costs, there are a number of solutions that may help to mitigate the problem
Câu (1) For example, in some Asian countries where the monthly salary of a police officer is very low, many of them turn to corruption to make enough money
Mệnh đề “Where….is very low” là m ệnh đề quan hệ bổ sung thêm thông tin cho danh từ “some Asian countries”
Cấu trúc “turn to something” mang nghĩa xem xét về việc gì đó
Từ nối “For example” tương tự như “For instance” được dùng khi người viết muốn đưa ví dụ để minh, theo sau bởi một mệnh đề
Câu (2) On the other hand, governments should enact laws to ensure that citizens receive minimum wages that are enough to cover rising living expenses
Mệnh đề “that citizens receive minimum wages” là mệnh đề danh ngữ làm rõ nghĩa hơn cho thông tin “laws” trước đó
To enact laws: ban hành luật
Mệnh đề “that are enough….living expenses” là mệnh đề quan hệ bổ sung thêm thông tin cho danh từ “minimum wages”
Cấu trúc “to ensure something” mang nghĩa bảo đảm cái gì đó
Từ nối “On the other hand” được dùng khi người viết muốn đưa ra quan điểm trái ngược so với quan điểm trước đó
Câu (3) Lastly, governments could also help by creating more jobs, particularly in big cities where living costs are much higher
Mệnh đề “Where….much higher” là mệnh đề quan hệ bổ sung thêm thông tin cho danh từ “big cities”
Cấu trúc “to create something” mang nghĩa tạo ra cái gì đó
Từ nối “lastly” được dùng khi người viết muốn đưa quan điểm cuối cùng trong đoạn.
Environment
The increase in the production of consumer goods results in damage to the natural environment What are the causes of this? What can be done to solve this problem? (Đề thi 07/09/2019)
Nowadays, as more consumer goods are manufactured, more damage has been inflicted to the environment I will outline several reasons for this and put forward some measures to this issue
First of all, the increase in the production of consumer products harms the environment in two ways: the chemical by-products from the manufacturing process and the mass production of disposable goods (1) As more goods are produced, more toxic wastes and emissions are released from factories into nature Water sources are contaminated, and the air is severely polluted, which results in the deaths of many marine and terrestrial animals (2) Also, to accommodate customers’ ever-increasing demands, more single-use products are introduced, most of which are non- biodegradable Though having a short lifespan, these products can remain as wastes for thousands of years, turning our planet into a huge landfill and posing a threat to the living habitats of all creatures
Actions must be taken as soon as possible to minimize the negative impacts on environment arising from the increasing amount of consumer goods First, companies should promote the use of eco-friendlier materials For example, the giant
Chemical by-products: sản phẩm hóa học phụ (trong quá trình sản xuất)
Manufacturing process /production lines: quy trình sản suất
Marine and terrestrial animals: động vật trên cạn và dưới nước
Single-use product: sản phẩm dùng một lần
Non-biodegradable: không phân hủy được
Short lifespan: vòng đời ngắn
Eco-friendlier materials: vật liệu thân thiện với môi trường coffee chain Starbucks has recently replaced plastic straws with reusable alternatives made of materials like paper or bamboo In addition, many governments are also encouraging the development of more sustainable manufacturing processes For instance, many states in the U.S offer tax breaks and incentives for businesses using renewable energy, and some firms are even allowed to purchase green energy at cheaper prices than traditional fossil fuels (3)
In conclusion, there are two main reasons why the environment is severely impacted by the increase in production of consumer goods To address this issue, governments and companies must join hands to make the production lines more environmentally friendly by switching to greener materials
Câu (1) For example, in some Asian countries where the monthly salary of a police officer is very low, many of them turn to corruption to make enough money
Mệnh đề “Where….is very low” là m ệnh đề quan hệ bổ sung thêm thông tin cho danh từ “some Asian countries”
Cấu trúc “turn to something” mang nghĩa xem xét về việc gì đó
Từ nối “For example” tương tự như “For instance” được dùng khi người viết muốn đưa ví dụ để minh, theo sau bởi một mệnh đề
Tax breaks: khoản miễn thuế
Câu (2) On the other hand, governments should enact laws to ensure that citizens receive minimum wages that are enough to cover rising living expenses
Mệnh đề “that citizens receive minimum wages” là mệnh đề danh ngữ làm rõ nghĩa hơn cho thông tin “laws” trước đó
Mệnh đề “that are enough….living expenses” là mệnh đề quan hệ bổ sung thêm thông tin cho danh từ “minimum wages”
Cấu trúc “to ensure something” mang nghĩa bảo đảm cái gì đó
Từ nối “On the other hand” được dùng khi người viết muốn đưa ra quan điểm trái ngược so với quan điểm trước đó
Câu (3) Lastly, governments could also help by creating more jobs, particularl in big cities where living costs are much higher
Mệnh đề “Where….much higher” là mệnh đề quan hệ bổ sung thêm thông tin cho danh từ “big cities”
Cấu trúc “to create something” mang nghĩa tạo ra cái gì đó
Từ nối “lastly” được dùng khi người viết muốn đưa quan điểm cuối cùng trong đoạn.
Culture and Education
Many young people now know more about international pop and movie stars than famous people in the history of their countries
What are the causes? Give solutions to increase the number of people to know about famous people in history (Đề thi ngày 23/11/2019)
These days, young people tend to have more interests in international celebrities than historical figures in their country This essay will present possible causes of this trend as well as the appropriate solutions to improve the situation
There are several reasons why the young nowadays know more about famous movie and music stars instead of having knowledge of the history in their country To begin with, social media contributes to the increasing interest of young people in celebrities It is common to notice that famous people’s lives are grabbing the headlines of the majority of newspapers, especially the online ones Since teenagers now spend most of their spare time surfing the Internet, they are likely to be exposed to ubiquitous posts or articles about actors or singers more frequently, thus becoming more fascinated about such topics (1) In addition, another cause of this trend is the tedious teaching method of history at high school It seems that history itself is not attractive, leading to the fact that students will suffer from utter boredom if their teachers fail to make history lessons more interesting (2)
Grab the headlines: là tiêu điểm của báo chí
Ubiquitous (a): có ở khắp nơi, tràn lan
Tedious teaching method (noun phrase): phương pháp giảng dạy nhàm chán
Various solutions can be adopted to make young people more interested in history and historical people First of all, film makers should be encouraged to produce movies based on key historical events Young people will be eager to watch such movies, especially when their idols are chosen for the starring role As a result, they will gain more knowledge about a particular historical period by watching those films Second, the teaching method in history classroom should be tailored in order to arouse students’ interests Instead of teaching merely a long list of names and dates in textbooks, teachers can add motion images and vivid sound effects to create more appealing lessons
In conclusion, although young people these days do not pay as much attention to history as they do to celebrities, this problem can be dealt with by several suggested solutions
Câu (1) For example, in some Asian countries where the monthly salary of a police officer is very low, many of them turn to corruption to make enough money
Mệnh đề “Where….is very low” là m ệnh đề quan hệ bổ sung thêm thông tin cho danh từ “some Asian countries”Cấu trúc “turn to something” mang nghĩa xem xét về việc gì đó
Từ nối “For example” tương tự như “For instance” được dùng khi người viết
To be eager to do something: hào hứng, thích thú làm gì
Tailor (v): thay đổi, chỉnh sửa để phù hợp
Arouse someone’s interest: khơi gợi sự hứng thú
Motion image: hình ảnh động
Vivid sound effect: hiệu ứng âm thanh sống động
Appealing (a): thu hút, hấp dẫn
Câu (2) On the other hand, governments should enact laws to ensure that citizens receive minimum wages that are enough to cover rising living expenses
Mệnh đề “that citizens receive minimum wages” là mệnh đề danh ngữ làm rõ nghĩa hơn cho thông tin “laws” trước đó
Mệnh đề “that are enough….living expenses” là mệnh đề quan hệ bổ sung thêm thông tin cho danh từ “minimum wages”
Cấu trúc “to ensure something” mang nghĩa bảo đảm cái gì đó
Từ nối “On the other hand” được dùng khi người viết muốn đưa ra quan điểm trái ngược so với quan điểm trước đó
Câu (3) Lastly, governments could also help by creating more jobs, particularly in big cities where living costs are much higher
Mệnh đề “Where….much higher” là mệnh đề quan hệ bổ sung thêm thông tin cho danh từ “big cities”
Cấu trúc “to create something” mang nghĩa tạo ra cái gì đó
Từ nối “lastly” được dùng khi người viết muốn đưa quan điểm cuối cùng trong đoạn.
Sugar-based drinks
People are having more and more sugar-based drinks What are the reasons? What can be done to make people drink less? (Đề thi ngày 01/02/2020)
People are consuming more and more sugar- based drinks such as soft or energy drinks I will discuss a number of reasons for this as well as several ways to encourage people to reduce their consumption of such drinks (1)
There are two main reasons why sugar-based drinks are consumed in large amounts everyday (2) Firstly, such drinks provide extra energy, increase mental alertness and help consumers to maintain high concentration necessary for their work Most modern jobs are becoming more and more demanding and require people to spend greater effort to succeed, consequently leading to the popularity of sugar- based drinks Secondly, the increased consumption of sugar-based drinks is linked to consumers’ lack of awareness and knowledge of a healthy diet and lifestyle as well as the dominance of fast food in the food industry
That is why (3) sedentary lifestyles and convenient but nutrient-poor meals which include sugar-based drinks like Coca-Cola or Pepsi are being favored by a large number of people
Although reducing the consumption of sugar- based drinks is a complex task, there are a few ways that could be done to (4) discourage people from using those drinks regularly One instance is
Soft or energy drinks: Nước ngọt hoặc đồ uống năng lượng (bò húc)
The consumption of sugar-based drinks: Sự tiêu thụ của đồ uống có đường
To increase mental alertness: Tăng cường sự tỉnh táo
To maintain high concentration: Duy trì sự tập trung cao độ
One’s lack of awareness and knowledge of a healthy diety and lifestyle: Sự thiếu nhận thức và kiến thức về một chế độ ăn uống và lối sống lành mạnh
The dominance of fast food: Sự thống trị của đồ ăn nhanh
Sedentary lifestyles: Những lối sống ít vận động
Convenient but nutrient- poor meals: Những bữa ăn tiện lợi nhưng ít dinh dưỡng to impose higher taxes on the production and distribution of sugar-based drinks, which inevitably increases their price This may have an effect on the amount of such drinks being consumed Another thing is that there should be more educational propagation campaigns that encourage people to follow healthy dietary guidelines and lifestyles and to refrain from using sugar-based drinks
In conclusion, the problem of people having more and more sugar-based drinks is caused by a number of factors as discussed in the essay (5) Increasing taxes on sugar-based drinks and running propagation campaigns to raise consumers’ awareness of their health are two feasible solutions to combat such problem (6)
To impose higher taxes on something: Đánh thuế cao hơn lên cái gì
The production and distribution of sugar- based drinks: Sự sản xuất và phân phối đồ uống có đường
Educational propagation campaigns: Những chiến dịch truyền thông mang tính giáo dục
To follow healthy dietary guidelines and lifestyles: Theo lối sống và hướng dẫn về chế độ ăn uống lành mạnh
To refrain from using sugar-based drinks: Hạn chế sử dụng đồ uống có đường
Câu (1) I will discuss a number of reasons for this as well as several ways to encourage people to reduce their consumption of such drinks
To discuss a number of reasons for this as well as several ways to do something: Bàn luận 1 số lý do cho điều này cũng như một vài cách để … (dùng cho mở bài)
Câu (2) There are two main reasons why sugar-based drinks are consumed in large amounts everyday
There are two main reasons why … : Có 2 lý do chính … (dùng để mở đoạn lý do)
Câu (3) That is why … : Đó là tại sao … (dùng để đưa ra kết quả của một hành động trước đó)
Câu (4) There are a few ways that could be done to … : Có một vài cách để … (dùng để mở đoạn giải pháp)
Câu (5) The problem of people having more and more sugar-based drinks is caused by a number of factors as discussed in the essay
To be caused by a number of factors as discussed in the essay: Gây ra bởi một vài nguyên nhân như đã nói trong bài (dùng cho kết bài)
Câu (6) To be feasible solutions to combat the problem: Là các giải pháp khả thi để xử lý vấn đề (dùng cho kết bài)
Transportation
Cyclists and car drivers sharing the same road might cause some problems What are the problems? What could be done to solve those problems? (Đề thi ngày 13/6/2020)
Nowadays, it is common to see cars and bicycles travel on the same road This may result in a number of undesirable consequences which could be addressed by several approaches explained below (1)
The fact that car drivers and bikers share the same roadway while travelling may lead to two main problems First, the possibility of an accident between a car and a bicycle is much higher than when they have their own road, and in case of accidents, the mortality rate could also be greater (2) Because automobiles are large and able to run very fast, they may kill people when colliding with bikes, which is far more serious than accidents on the street for only bikes
Second, people driving cars would also be faced with inconveniences when they share the same road with bicyclists For instance, instead of running as fast as possible to an appointment that they are about to be late, car drivers may
Share the same roadway: chia sẻ cùng một con đường
The mortality rate: tỷ lệ tử vong
Colliding with bikes: va chạm với xe đạp have to slow down and wait for some commuter ahead riding a bike at their average speed
In order to deal with such problems, there are two solutions that should be taken into consideration
First of all, on roadways that allow both cars and bicycles to travel at the same time, the authorities should strictly limit the maximum speed as low as 50 kph While running at such a low speed, drivers can better control their vehicle as well as dodge others, and in the event of collision, the damage would also be less serious (3) Second of all, it is necessary for the government to build separate lanes for these two vehicles so that their different speeds will not bother each other as in aforementioned situations For example, on most streets in Singapore, automobiles and bikes could travel simultaneously but there are lanes designated for both of them, so they are able to run at their speed of choice without affecting one another
In conclusion, when cyclists and automobile drivers share the same road, a couple of issues may arise Fortunately, two possible methods have been proposed to solve these issues
At their average speed: ở tốc độ trung bình của họ
Limit the maximum speed: giới hạn tốc độ tối đa
Câu (1): This may result in a number of undesirable consequences which could be addressed by several approaches explained below
Sau cụm từ ‘result in’ phải là một danh từ hoặc cụm danh từ, trong câu trên cụm danh từ là ‘a number of undesirable consequences’ (một số hậu quả không mong muốn)
Address the consequences/ problems/ issues: suy nghĩ và giải quyết các vấn đề nào đó
‘Approaches explained’ là mệnh đề quan hệ rút gọn của mệnh đề quan hệ ‘approaches which are explained.’
Câu (2): First, the possibility of an accident between a car and a bicycle is much higher than when they have their own road, and in case of accidents, the mortality rate could also be greater
Từ ‘much’ trong cụm từ ‘much higher’ dùng để nhấn mạnh về mức độ, cường độ, chẳng hạn: much larger (rộng hơn nhiều), much stronger (mạnh hơn nhiều)
Sau từ so sánh ‘than’ phải là cụm danh từ, và ‘when they have their own road’ là một mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian, đóng vai trò như một cụm danh từ sau ‘than’
Cụm từ ‘in case of’ mang nghĩa ‘trong trường hợp nào đó cụ thể’
Câu (3): While running at such a low speed, drivers can better control their vehicle as well as dodge others, and in the event of collision, the damage would also be less serious
Câu trên là một câu phức ghép với hai mệnh đề độc lập và một mệnh đề phụ thuộc, cụ thể:
Mệnh đề phụ thuộc: While running at such a low speed
Mệnh đề độc lập 1: drivers can better control their vehicle as well as dodge others
Mệnh đề độc lập 2: the damage would also be less serious
Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian: in the event of collision
Food
Nowadays people waste a lot of food that was bought from shops and restaurants Why do you think people waste food? What can be done to reduce the amount of food they throw away? (Đề thi 01/08/2020)
These days, a great amount of food bought from shops and restaurants is being thrown away irresponsibly This situation is occurring due to a number of reasons, and there are several feasible solutions that could be adopted to mitigate this problem
There are two major reasons why food is being wasted To begin with, thanks to advanced agricultural technologies, farming has become increasingly mechanised, which accelerates production and helps to maximize harvests (1) At the same time, the way food is transported, stored and distributed has also become more and more streamlined than ever before As a result, the price of food in shops and restaurants has reduced significantly, making it all the easier for consumers to purchase large quantities of food, and waste it without a second thought (2) Another reason for this situation is because consumers are failing to make a detailed plan of what they are going to buy before they shop Consequently, their shopping carts are often full of food products that they might never use
Some effective measures could be implemented to alleviate this situation The first solution would be for restaurants to make their customers think
Advanced agricultural technologies: công nghệ nông nghiệp tiên tiến
Streamlined: được cải tiến hoặc làm cho đơn giản hơn
A detailed plan: một kế hoạch chi tiết imposing a heavy fine: đưa ra một hình phạt nặng (tiền phạt) diners who order too many dishes but cannot finish them Another feasible solution is that people should develop a habit of making a list of ingredients and foodstuffs that they really need before going shopping This would help consumers to have time to prepare carefully and decide wisely what food items should be bought, which would prevent a great deal of food from being thrown away
In conclusion, increasingly cheaper food products and poor meal planning are two primary reasons contributing to the huge amount of food waste occurring these days Fortunately, there are various effective solutions to tackle this issue, including penalizing restaurant customers who waste food and making detailed shopping lists (3)
Feasible solutions: những biện pháp khả thi
Food products = food items = foodstuffs: thực phẩm
Câu (1): To begin with, thanks to advanced agricultural technologies, farming has become increasingly mechanised, which accelerates production and helps to maximize harvests
Sau cụm từ ‘thanks to’ (nhờ vào) phải là một danh từ hoặc cụm danh từ, chẳng hạn: thanks to our parents (nhờ vào cha mẹ của chúng ta), thanks to what the government has done (nhờ vào những gì chính phủ đã làm)
Từ ‘which’ đứng sau dấu phẩy thay thế cho cả mệnh đề phía trước, dịch là ‘điều này’
Câu (2): As a result, the price of food in shops and restaurants has reduced significantly, making it all the easier for consumers to purchase large quantities of food, and waste it without a second thought
Cụm từ ‘making it all the easier for consumers’ là mệnh đề quan hệ rút gọn từ mệnh đề ‘which makes it all the easier …’
Cụm từ ‘the quantity of something’ (lượng của cái gì đó) có thể theo sau bởi danh từ đếm được lẫn không đếm được, chẳng hạn: the quantity of people (lượng người), the quantity of money (lượng tiền)
Câu (3): Fortunately, there are various effective solutions to tackle this issue, including penalizing restaurant customers who waste food and making detailed shopping lists
Các cụm từ theo sau ‘including’ phải tuân theo nguyên tắc song hành trong tiếng Anh, tức là phải cùng một chức năng ngữ pháp, như cùng là danh từ, động từ hoặc tính từ Trong ví dụ trên, sau từ ‘including’ là hai cụm động từ Ving là ‘penalizing restaurant customers’ và ‘making
Family
The tradition of families getting together to eat meals is disappearing
What are the reasons? What are the impacts? (Đề thi ngày 10/02/2018)
Nowadays, it seems that families tend to eat together less frequently This essay will put forward some explanations for this trend and an analysis of the potential impacts
The fact that family members choose not to eat with each other can be attributable to two reasons Firstly, since people these days tend to have heavier workloads and more hectic schedules than in the past, sitting down to share a meal with their family members might not be a convenient choice (1) Instead, these individuals usually eat out with their friends, colleagues or business partners near their workplace which can be more suitable for their timetable Secondly, the fast food culture of modern life can change people’s eating habits because fast food can be found everywhere and is usually an inexpensive food choice For instance, young people in Vietnam often grab a quick meal after a busy day at work or school, which leads them to skipping meals with their family when they go home
The trend has both positive and negative impacts on people In terms of the benefits, people are able to be much more flexible with their time
They will not have to show up at a fixed hour to have meals with their family and can eat
To have heavier workloads and more hectic schedules: Có khối lượng công việc và lịch làm việc bận rộn hơn
The fast food culture of modern life: Văn hoá đồ ăn nhanh trong xã hội hiện đại
Change people’s eating habits: Thay đổi thói quen ăn uống weaker family bond If a family continuously eats separately, family members may not be able to share their thoughts, feelings with each other, and therefore may feel isolated from each other (2) This will result in a lack of deep family connection
In conclusion, the tendency of family members eating separately is mainly caused by the difference in their schedules or the preference to eat fast food, which can have both positive and negative impacts (3)
Câu (1): Firstly, since people these days tend to have heavier workloads and more hectic schedules than in the past, sitting down to share a meal with their family members might not be a convenient choice
‘Sitting down to share a meal with their family members’ là một cụm danh từ mở đầu bằng một động từ thêm ing (sitting), đóng vai trò là chủ ngữ trong mệnh đề kết quả của câu
Từ ‘since’ thường được sử dụng thay vì ‘because’ khi người nói muốn nhấn mạnh kết quả (mệnh đề chính của câu.)
Câu (2): If a family continuously eats separately, family members may not be able to share their thoughts, feelings with each other, and therefore may feel isolated from each other
To lead to a weaker family bond: Làm yếu đi sự tương tác giữa các thành viên trong gia đình
Vì ‘and’ là liên từ nối, nên ‘and’ sẽ nối hai cụm từ có cấu trúc ngữ pháp giống nhau, với câu ví dụ trên chính là hai cụm: ‘may not be able to share their thoughts, feelings with each other’ và ‘may feel isolated from each other’
Các danh từ đếm được như ‘thoughts’ , ‘members’, ‘feelings’ thường được sử dụng ở hình thức số nhiều
Câu (3): In conclusion, the tendency of family members eating separately is mainly caused by the difference in their schedules or the preference to eat fast food, which can have both positive and negative impacts
Cụm từ ‘family members eating separately’ là mệnh đề quan hệ rút gọn của ‘family members who eat separately’
Mệnh đề quan hệ ‘which’ ở cuối câu thay thế cho cả câu đứng trước, nên được ngăn cách bởi dấu phẩy
Các từ, cụm từ sử dụng trong cấu trúc ‘both… and …’ cần cùng chức năng ngữ pháp, như cùng là động từ, trạng từ hoặc danh từ Trong câu ví dụ trên, cả ‘positive’ và ‘negative’ đều là tính từ.