Writing vocab by topics

I Environment A Pollution 1 Environmental deterioration tình trạng môi trường xấu đi a) Eg Environmental deterioration has become one of the most severe threats to the survival of mankind 2 Environmental degradation tình trạng môi trường xuống cấp a) Eg dependence on fossil fuel for worldwide energy supply would cause environmental degradation 3 wreak devastation on our environment tàn phá môi trường a) Eg a throwaway culture which wreaks devastation on our environment 4 Air quality chất lượng k.

I. Environment

A. Pollution

1. Environmental deterioration : tình trạng môi trường xấu đi

a) Eg : Environmental deterioration has become one of the mostsevere threats to the survival of mankind

2. Environmental degradation : tình trạng môi trường xuống cấp

a) Eg : dependence on fossil fuel for worldwide energy supplywould cause environmental degradation

3. wreak devastation on our environment : tàn phá môi trường

a) Eg : a throwaway culture which wreaks devastation on ourenvironment

4. Air quality : chất lượng không khí

a) Eg : adopting this new technology would be a more effectivestrategy for optimizing air quality, especially in big cities.

5. taking a heavy toll on the environment: tàn phá môi trường nặng nề

a) Eg : the automobile, mining and steel industry, are withoutdoubt taking a heavy toll on the environment

6. being exposed to chemicals : bị tiếp xúc với chất hóa học

a) Eg : Many incidents where large schools of fish are killed havehappened in consequence of being exposed to chemicals

7. harmful to the surroundings : có hại cho môi trường

a) Eg : other means of transport that are harmful to thesurroundings but more convenient for their lives.

B. Sources of Energy

1. sustainable sources of energy : các dạng năng lượng bền vững

a) Eg : Governments across continents have turned their attention

to more sustainable sources of energy

2. Energy scarcity : khan hiếm năng lượng

a) Eg : This is a safe solution to the fear of energy scarcity andensures the future development of the human race.

3. combustion of fossil fuels : sự đốt nhiên liệu hóa thạch

a) Eg : The combustion of fossil fuels is the culprit of greenhousegas emission and other air pollutants

4. exploit its natural resources : khai thác tài nguyên thiên nhiên

a) Eg : we continue to exploit its natural resources for the sake ofthe economy,

5. to deplete natural resources : làm cạn kiệt tài nguyên thiên nhiên

a) EG : a throwaway culture which wreaks devastation on ourenvironment and depletes our natural resources is formedlargely by modern consumerism.

b)

6. unsustainable exploitation of natural resources : sự khai thác khôngbền vững tài nguyên thiên nhiên

a) Eg : This, together with the unsustainable exploitation ofnatural resources, poses serious threats to the survival ofmankind

C. Waste - recycling

1. Short-lived products : những sản phẩm có tuổi thọ ngắn

a) Eg : people nowadays tend to use short-lived and damaging products

environment-2. single-use products : những sản phẩm dùng một lần

a) Eg : The market is also flooded with cheap, single-use products

3. Disposable : chỉ dùng được một hoặc một vài lần ( găng tay, dao cạorâu)

a) Eg : people nowadays tend to use short-lived and damaging products, such as disposable lunchboxes andchopsticks

environment-4. Throw-away society : xã hội sử dụng nhiều sản phẩm có thời gian sửdụng ngắn ( a society in which things are not made to last a longtime )

a) Eg : Many people say that we have developed into a away” culture, because we are filling up our environment with

“throw-so many plastic bags and rubbish that we cannot fully disposeof

5. consumerism that encourages the mass production : chủ nghĩa tiêudùng khuyến khích sự sản xuất hàng loạt

a) Eg : society is greatly affected by consumerism that encouragesthe mass production of short-lived goods and the consumption

of those goods

6. classify household garbage : phân loại rác gia đình

a) Eg : one can classify household garbage to facilitate wasterecycling and reduce car use to cut down the emission of wastegas

7. separating their biodegradable and non-biodegradable waste : phân loạichất thải có thể phân hủy và không thể phân hủy tự nhiên

a) Eg : residents can spend just a few minutes separating theirbiodegradable and non-biodegradable waste

8. subsidize environmentally friendly products : trợ giá những sản phẩmthân thiện với môi trường

a) Eg : the government should subsidize environmentally friendlyproducts to make them cheaper and more widely used.

9. Fertile land : đất màu mỡ

a) Eg : For instance, a set batter could turn fertile lands within 50square meters into a barren desert

10.Barren desert : hoang mạc cằn cỗi

a) Eg : For instance, a set batter could turn fertile lands within 50square meters into a barren desert

11.cause landfills to become overloaded : Khiến cho bãi chứa rác trở nênquá tải

a) Eg : Products constantly ending up in trash bins will causelandfills to become overloaded with massive piles of garbage

12.massive piles of garbage : những đống rác lớn

a) Eg : Products constantly ending up in trash bins will causelandfills to become overloaded with massive piles of garbage

13.non-recyclable and plastic items : những sản phẩm không thể tái chế vàsản phẩm nhựa

14.buried underground : bị chôn dưới lòng đất

a) Eg : The rest of the garbage, usually non-recyclable and plasticitems, is either buried underground or burnt

15.waste management : việc xử lý rác thải

a) Eg : Another prime example is in waste management processes

16.waste recycling plants : nhà máy tái chế rác thải

a) Eg : While residents can spend just a few minutes separatingtheir biodegradable and non-biodegradable waste, it takes daysfor waste recycling plants to achieve the same task.

17.excessive packaging : việc sử dụng quá nhiều bao bì để đóng gói hànghóa

a) Eg : We should not buy things with excessive packaging

D. Animals - Plants / Ecosystem

1. Sacrifice for the benefits of human race : hy sinh vì lợi ích con người

a) Eg : they believe that animals should be sacrificed for thebenefits of human races

2. Conducting experiments on animals : thực hiện thí nghiệm trên độngvât

a) Eg : Conducting experiments on animals before launching anew therapy is also a responsible practice to patients whodeserve every respect to their life.

3. intrinsic right to life : quyền căn bản được sống

a) Eg : However, it is equally reasonable to say that animals havetheir intrinsic right to life

4. cruel way of experimentation : cách thích nghiệm tàn nhẫn

a) Eg : That is why many opponents of animal testation suggestcomputer simulation, hoping to replace the cruel way ofexperimentation with machine

5. genetic erosion : sự sói mòn nguồn gen

a) Eg : the deterioration of natural habitats, genetic erosion andthe rarity, even disappearance, of a number of plant and animalspecies

6. rampant illegal hunting : việc săn bắn trái phép tràn lan

a) Eg : Rapid industrialization along with rampant illegal huntingare the driving forces behind such a tragedy

7. rampant poaching : = rampant illegal hunting

a) Eg : The increased demand for goods made from animals’products, such as skins and horns, also leads to the rampantpoaching of wild, endangered animals.

8. inflicting tremendous damage on animals’ natural habitats : gây thiệthại nặng nề cho môi trường sống của động vật

a) Eg : many heavy industries such as steel and mining areinflicting tremendous damage on animals’ natural habitats

9. to keep the natural environment for these animals untouched : giữ chomôi trường thiên nhiên nguyên vẹn

a) Eg : First of all, the expansion of heavy industries should bestopped by law to keep the natural environment for theseanimals untouched

10.poachers should be strictly punished : những kẻ săn bán nên bị trừngphạt nghiêm khắc

a) Eg : Last but not least, poachers should be strictly punished andmore conservation areas should be constructed in order toshelter endangered animals.

11.preserving their native animal species : bảo tồn các sinh vật bản địa

a) Eg : countries need to invest more money in preserving theirnative animal species.

12.all living beings have equal rights to live : tất cả sinh vật đều có quyềnsống bình đẳng

a) Eg : others, including myself, feel that all living beings, humanand animal, have equal rights to live in peace

13.maintain a diverse range of animals and wildlife : duy trì sự đa dạngcủa động vật trong thiên nhiên

a) Eg : I firmly believe that it is essential for the health of theplanet to maintain a diverse range of animals and wildlifewithin all eco-systems

14.disturbing the food chain : phá vỡ chuỗi thức ăn trong tự nhiên

a) Eg : Industrial activities have been devastating the naturalhabitats of wildlife and disturbing the food chain

15.food chain is disrupted : chuỗi thức ăn bị gián đoạn

a) Eg : many other animals and even plants will suffer as the foodchain is disrupted

16.kept in manmade cells : nhốt trong chuồng do con người tạo ra

a) Eg : I disagree that animals should be kept in manmade cells.

17.kept in very confined areas : nhốt trong những khu vực giới hạn

a) Eg : zoo animals are kept in very confined areas compared withtheir vast natural habitat

18.confined in cages : bị nhốt trong lồng

a) Eg : lions and tigers are confined in cages where they lackexercise and stimulation

19.breeding programs : chương trình nhân giống cho động vật

a) Eg : the breeding programs taken up by zoos are not verysuccessful

20.a stress to fragile ecosystems : áp lực cho những hệ sinh thái dễ bị tổnthương

a) Eg : many tourism activities such as skiing, boating, motorisedwater-sports, and trekking represent a stress to fragileecosystems

E. Environmental responsibility

1. take responsibility for protecting the environment : chịu trách nhiệmbảo vệ môi trường

a) Eg : governments and corporations take responsibility forprotecting the environment Governments could enact laws toreduce many environmental problems

2. shoulder their own share of responsibility : chia sẻ phần trách nhiệmcủa mình

a) Eg : Every citizen should shoulder their own share ofresponsibility to protect the environment.

3. heighten social awareness : nâng cao nhận thức xã hội

a) Eg : optional courses about the advantages of cycling to theenvironment at schools seem to be imperative to heightensocial awareness of this matter.

4. refrain from using products made from animal skin or horn : hạn chế

sử dụng sản phẩm từ da hoặc sừng động vật

a) Eg :Individuals should be well-informed that their unnecessaryneeds are a large cause of animal suffering, and hence, shouldrefrain from using products made from animal skin or horn

5. restore a healthy balance : tái tạo lại sự cân bằng lành mạnh

a) Eg : it is our responsibility to do whatever necessary, regardless

of time and money, in order to restore a healthy balance to theplanet’s natural environments

6. environmentally conscious : có ý thức về môi trường

a) Eg : Another reason is that the majority of people are becomingless environmentally conscious

7. concerned about their own interests : chỉ quan tâm tới lợi ích của mình

a) Eg : Another reason is that the majority of people are becomingless environmentally conscious

8. imposes heavy fines on those who violate environmental laws : ápdụng hình phạt nặng với những ai vi phạm luật môi trường

a) Eg : the government tries to raise the public’s awareness ofenvironmental issues and even imposes heavy fines on thosewho violate environmental laws

9. active cooperation of residents : sự hợp tác tích cực từ người dân

a) Eg : all the policies and campaigns will show no effect withoutthe active cooperation of residents

10.make a significant contribution : đóng góp đáng kể

a) Eg : individuals also need to make a significant contribution tothe process of keeping the planet clean.

11.humans are held accountable : con người phải chịu trách nhiệm

a) Eg : humans are held accountable and should do what is needed

to rectify the situation

12.bring our own personal shopping bags : sử dụng túi cá nhân để đi chợ

a) Eg : We can also bring our own personal shopping bags instead

of using plastic bags provided by stores and shops

13.biodegradable packaging : bao bì, đóng gói có thể phân hủy tự nhiênđược

a) Eg : The government can enforce stricter lawson companies touse biodegradable packaging.

14.Recyclable material : chất liệu có thể tái chế được

a) Eg : Companies can also contribute by developing new rawmaterial which is recyclable and will ultimately lead to lessgarbage

15. utmost respect for the environment : sự tôn trọng tuyệt đối cho môitrường

a) Eg : travelers not only discover new experiences, but do so withutmost respect for the environment.

16. poorly enforced environmental regulations : quy định

a) Eg : Tourism can also contribute to water and energy shortages,degradation of water supplies and ecosystem degradation,owing to ad hoc development and weak or poorly enforcedenvironmental regulations.

F. Economy - Tourism- Transport vs Environment

1. for the sake of the economy : vì lợi ích kinh tế

a) Eg : we continue to exploit its natural resources for the sake ofthe economy

2. backbone of many economies : là xương sống của nhiều nền kinh tế

a) Eg : It is irrefutable that tourism industry has become thebackbone of many economies of the world.

3. make way for factories : nhường chỗ cho nhà máy

a) Eg : Forests which are home to wild animals are being cutdown to make way for factories and fuel their operation

4. Automobile industry : nền kinh tế ô tô

a) Eg : The automobile industry, in many countries all over theworld, has developed the technology to help reduce energyneeds and to decrease pollution

5. Mass transit : hệ thống giao thông công cộng

a) Eg : mass transit is a very effective method for moving largenumbers of people quickly with few vehicles and reduced airpollution

6. practice eco-tourism : tham gia du lịch sinh thái

a) Eg : many tourists are anxious to practice eco-tourism

G. OThers

1. Timber industry : ngành công nghiệp gỗ

a) The economic burdens climate change creates come from adisruption to Canada’s timber industry arising from changingenvironmental conditions,

2. extreme weather patterns : những hiện tượng thời tiết cực đoạn

a) humanitarian funds to help those affected by the drasticincrease projected for extreme weather patterns.

3. harsher conditions : điều kiện khắc nghiệt hơn

a) The more climate change creates harsher conditions that aredetrimental to global food production the more the globaleconomy suffers.

4. environmentally destructive activities : những hoạt động tàn phá môitrường

a) there are those defending environmentally destructive activities

by claiming they are doing so for the sake of the economy

5. incalculable costs of human suffering : cái giá

a) It in the long term would also contribute to future economichardship and the risk of massive global recession, not tomention the incalculable costs of human suffering

6. economy and environment are not in opposition with one another :kinh tế và môi trường không đối nghịch nhau

a) The problem with this perception is that the economy andenvironment are not in opposition with one another.

7. prerequisite (n) : tiền đề

a) A healthy environment is a prerequisite for a healthy economy.