I chose the topic: “Some methods to help the students at Trieu Son 3 High School identify and use the types of words correctly” to be my experience innovation in teaching vocabulary to h
Trang 11 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Reasons for choosing the research:
Nowadays, English is one of the popular languages in all over the world There are more than forty countries, which use it as an official language, and about 600 million people use it as a second language in communication In the high schools of Vietnam, English is also considered a compulsory language However, the majority of students in Trieu Son 3 high school are not really good
at English Many students cannot do their homework correctly and they aren’t also able to show the language skills in their lessons smoothly They only learn English grammar to deal with the exams Perhaps, some of the causes are the shortage of their vocabulary knowledge because they are not interested in looking up new words and distinguishing all kinds of words in the dictionary to make sentences and to do their exercises correctly
From some reasons above and the urgent needs for my students’ language
learning I chose the topic: “Some methods to help the students at Trieu Son 3 High School identify and use the types of words correctly” to be my experience
innovation in teaching vocabulary to help my students understand the types of words and have the lexical establishment skills Besides, they can also know how to use the words in the correct form of grammar and to be consistent with
mentioned context On the other hand, the test " Use the correct form of the words" is not only a very difficult form, but also appears a lot in English
grammar parts Specially, the students often meet this form in the major exams such as college entrance exams, etc…
1.2 Aims of the research:
- To show some methods to help the students identify and use the types of words correctly
- To help students know how to use the words in the correct form of grammar and to be consistent with mentioned context
- Give students confidence in identifying and using the types of words in the sentence correctly
1.3 Scope and object:
- This study was carried out in the English classes with 42 students of 11th grade at Trieu Son 3 High School in school year 2021 - 2022 The research was mainly focused on the following aspects:
+ How to apply some methods in the process of teaching and learning English at my classes
+ It’s about effective methods to help the students at Trieu Son 3 High School identify and use the types of words correctly
1.4 Researching methodology :
- According to the definition of Creswell (1994) “the qualitative research is
as an inquiry process of understanding a social or human problem, based on building a complex, holistic picture, formed with words, reporting detailed views of information and conducted in a natural setting” (pp 1-2) Because of
Trang 2that I use this research methodology in performing research operations such as making observations, interviews, recording data and the documentary analysis through the tests or tasks
2 CONTENT 2.1 The reasoning basis of the theme:
My experience innovation has been based on some of the author's linguistic papers [An, 2003; Asgari & Mustapha, 2011; Dagiima, 2009; Richards & Farrell, 2011; Schmitt, 1993; Schmitt, 2000; etc … ] These papers show that teaching and learning vocabulary play a very important role in learning the English language However, most of the students from my classes who are still confused in identifying and using the types of words and their positions in the sentence That is why they always find difficult and boring to learn English language
All of those reasons have paved the way for me to research and apply some methods in teaching and learning English vocabulary in general and to help the students at Trieu Son 3 High School identify and use the types of words correctly in particular Finally, I also hoped that the results of my research and application would be the most effective
2.2 Some methods to solve the problem:
Because of the reasons and mentioned research above, I have used some methods below to help the students at Trieu Son 3 High School identify and use the types of the words effectively in learning English language
A General procedure:
- Recall the basic concepts of the types of words (definitions of noun, verb, adjective, adverb ).
- Signs to identify the types of words and basic ways to form new words in English
- Instruct students so that they can consider related words in front or behind to deduce the correct form of the word to be filled in
* Example: She is a very beautiful girl (beauty -> beautiful)
↓ ↓ ↓ ↓
Article adverb adjective noun
Noun
B Specific procedure:
- This part, which makes students embarrassed and confused, so teachers should lead directly into the vocabulary section to create concentration for students
- Provide words (to help students find out the types of words by basing on the
form of words)
+ The suffixes of Nouns are often: - tion, - sion, -er, -or;
+ The suffixes of Adjectives are often: - able, - ful, - ous, - less, - al; + The suffixes of Adverbs are often: - ly
Trang 3- Provide the meaning of words (Teacher provides some pictures and students can guess the meaning of words or phrases through those pictures).
- Practice reading for students (teacher can read aloud the words and all students can repeat those words in chorus)
C The specific implementation steps:
2.2.1 Nouns.
2.2.1.1 Definition: Noun is a word used to name a type of thing, that thing can be a person, thing, animal, place, … Besides, nouns are considered one
of the most important words in English language, so learners must accumulate
as many nouns as possible
E.g Student (person), blackboard (thing), cat (animal), countryside
(place).
2.2.1.2 The ways to form a noun:
AR
a) Verb + ER
OR
- sailor, actor
- teacher, driver, viewer, singer
- beggar, liar
ION
b) Verb + ING
MENT
- action, invention, liberation, conclusion
- writing, making, liking, cooking, learning
- movement, development, investment,
c) Noun /Adjective + DOM - kingdom, freedom, wisdom
d) Noun/Adjective + HOOD - boyhood, neighborhood, childhood, brotherhood,falsehood. e) Noun/ Adjective + ISM - capitalism, patriotism, terrorism, heroism,communism.
- socialism, racialism, colonialism NESS
f) Adjective + TY
ITY
- happiness, laziness, illness, sickness
- cruelty, loyalty, difficulty
- possibility, ability, capability, ability, curiosity g) Verb + ANT - assistant, accountant, applicant, contestant
h) Adjective → Noun
- angry
- brave
- deep
- famous
- high
- true
→ anger
→ bravery
→ depth
→ fame
→ height
→ truth
- long
- proud
- terrible
- young
- hot
- just
→ length
→ pride
→ terror
→ youth
→ heat
→ justice i) Verb → Noun - choose
- prove
- sing
- enter
- feed
- renew
- speak
- sell
→ choice
→ proof
→ song
→ entry
→ food
→ renewal
→ speech
→ sale
- live
- strike
- advise
- fail
- laugh
- sit
- see
- die
→ life
→ stroke
→ advice
→ failure
→ laughter
→ seat
→ sight
→ death
Trang 4- bury → burial - lose → loss 2.2.1.3 The functions of a noun:
2.2.1.3.1 - Subject: + This girl is intelligent
2.2.1.3.2 - Object: + She eats a banana
2.2.1.3.3 - Complement: + He is a footballer
2.2.1.3.4 - Appositive: + Mr David, a famous doctor, is my father’s friend 2.2.1.3.5 - Object of a preposition: + Everybody is interested in sports 2.2.1.3.6 - Adjective: + The Vietnam War is different from any other ones
2.2.2 Adjectives.
2.2.2.1 Definition: Adjective is often used to describe the characteristics of things and person It is usually placed before a noun to modify that noun or
placed after the verb “to be”
E.g beautiful girls a charming room this old house
good songs a furnished house
2.2.2.2 The way to form an adjective:
Verb → adjective - abhor
- obey
- absorb
- notice
- compel
- please
- learn
- vacate
- marvel
- strain
- quarrel
- benefit
- abuse
- collect
- create
- decide
- describe
- affirm
- image
- deceive
→ abhorrent
→ obedient
→ absorbent
→ noticeable
→ compelling
→ pleasing
→ learned
→ vacant
→ marvelous
→ strenuous
→ quarrelsome
→ beneficial
→ abusive
→ collective
→ creative
→ decisive
→ descriptive
→ affirmative
→ imaginative
→ deceptive/ful
- vary
- accept
- admire
- choose
- volunteer
- unite
- comply
- grieve
- prosper
- study
- meddle
- criticize
- attend
- compete
- destroy
- express
- extend
- decorate
- inform
→ various
→ acceptable
→ admirable
→ choosy
→ voluntary
→ united
→ compliant
→ grievous
→ prosperous
→ studious
→ meddlesome
→ critical
→ attentive
→ competitive
→ destructive
→ expressive
→ extensive
→ decorative
→ informative Noun → Adjective
(Noun + able/
ible; ary; ic; ous;
ed; ing; en; ern;
ate; ve; …)
- fashion
- honor
- notice
- access
- horror
- luxury
- victory
→ fashionable
→ honorable
→ noticeable
→ accessible
→ horrible
→ luxurious
→ victorious
- charity
- reason
- value
- sense
- terror
- fury
- glory
→ charitable
→ reasonable
→ valuable
→ sensible
→ terrible
→ furious
→ glorious
Trang 5FORM EXAMPLES
- vapor
- variety
- danger
- volume
- mountai
n
- venom
- peril
- caution
- citrus
- mischief
- mystery
- gold
- Wood
- North
- affection
- intuition
- union
- surprise
- athlete
- history
- custom
- caution
→ vaporous
→ various
→ dangerous
→ voluminous
→ mountainous
→ venomous
→ perilous
→ cautious
→ citreous
→ mischievous
→ mysterious
→ golden
→ wooden
→ Northern
→ affectionate
→ intuitive
→ united
→ surprising
→ athletic
→ historic
→ customary
→ cautionary
- melody
- diet
- mystery
- prosper
- bounty
- clamour
- murder
- disaster
- courage
- advantage
- advent
- wool
- earth
- West
- fortune
- authority
- neglect
- work
- base
- science
- moment
- honor
→ melodious
→ dietary
→ mysterious
→ prosperous
→ bounteous
→ clamorous
→ murderous
→ disastrous
→ courageous
→ advantageou s
→ adventitious
→ woolen
→ earthen
→ Western
→ fortunate
→ authoritative
→ neglected
→ working
→ basic
→ scientific
→ momentary
→ honorary
noun + FUL - harmful - pocketful
- handful - useful
- beautiful - wonderful
- peaceful - basketful
- successful - helpful
- awful - skillful noun + LESS - childless
- harmless
- odorless
- hopeless
- useless
- friendless
- helpless
- homeless
- noiseless
- thoughtless
- worthless
- powerless
- yearly
- brotherly
- friendly
- costly
- hourly
- daily
- fatherly
- monthly
- orderly noun + LIKE - lifelike
- warlike
- statesmanlike
- birdlike
- childlike
- godlike
- ladylike
Trang 6FORM EXAMPLES
- snowy
- crafty
- rainy
- faulty
- dirty
- funny
- healthy
- silky
- shadowy
- wintery
- sandy
- messy noun + ISH - sheepish
- foolish
- childish
- pinkish
- Selfish
- amateurish noun + AL - choral
- accidental
- regional
- central
- accidental
- traditional
- occasional
- personal
- industrial
- agricultural
- personal
- brutal
- universal
- optional
- natural
- magical
- logical
- historical
- practical
- statistical 2.2.2.3 The uses of adjective:
2.2.2.3.1 - Attribute adjectives (tính ngữ) are to modify the noun after
them
E
.g + intelligent student
+ large room/ big house
2.2.2.3.2 - Predicative adjectives (vị ngữ) are to express the character of subjects and based on the verbs BE / LINKING VERBS as (become / get / look / seem)
E
.g + My brother is young
+ You look tired
2.2.2.3.3 - Adjectives are used to modify the object before them and based
on the verbs as: (find, make, set, keep, leave )
E
.g + I found this lesson difficult
+ The sun keeps us warm
2.2.2.3.4 - The adjective must be placed after the noun of time, of
measurement or words (something, anything, nothing)
E.g + Twenty years old
+ Five yards long
+ Nothing strange
+ I didn’t notice anything wrong with him.
2.2.3 Adverbs.
2.2.3.1 Definition: Adverbs are used to express how, when, or where an action is done
2.2.3.1.1 - Adverbs of manner: express how an action is done
Trang 7actively calmly fast late together so
alone somehow carefully anyhow also how
E.g + We went to school together
+ The birds sang sweetly
2.2.3.1.2 - Adverbs of time: to express when an action is done
today once before since now soon always seldom rarely already early ago then often sometimes
E.g + It often rains in the tropics.
+ I have never seen a seahorse.
2.2.3.1.3 - Adverbs of place: to express where an action is done
here in out above below past under far everywhere down up around along way upstairs near there
E.g + I followed him everywhere
+ Come in
2.2.3.2 The positions of adverbs:
2.2.3.2.1 - Adverbs, which are placed before the adjectives to modify those adjectives
E.g + She is very beautiful
(adv)
+ He sings very well
(adv)
2.2.3.2.2 - Adverbs, which are used to modify the whole sentence, are placed at the beginning of that sentence
E.g + Usually we go to school by motor cycle.
2.2.3.2.3 - Adverbs which modify verbs
E.g + He is running fast
+ I live here
+ I am speaking now
2.2.3.3 The way to form adverbs:
♣ NOTES:
There is a change of the final vowel when necessary
E.g lucky → luckily bad → badly
happy → happily clear → clearly
slow → slowly rapid → rapidly, ……
Some adverbs have the same form as adjectives
E.g + I went to New York by a fast train
(adj)
+ He ran fast
(adv)
+ We were late for school.
(adj)
ADJECTIVE + LY → ADVERB OF MANNER
Trang 8+ We went to school late
(adv)
2.2.4 Verbs.
2.2.4.1 Definition: Verb is generally word or phrase that express the action
of a certain subject and it is also considered one of the most important words in the sentence
2.2.4.1.1 - Transitive verb: it is a form, which is used before an object
E.g + The waiter brings coffee (object)
+ The student learns English (object)
2.2.4.1.2 - Intransitive verb: it is a form, which is used without object It cannot be used in the passive voice
E.g + The sun rises (without object)
+ The baby is sleeping now (without object)
♣ NOTES:
Most of verbs in English are used both transitively and intransitively
E.g + The boy rings the bell.
+ The bell rings.
+ The girl is singing a song.
+ The girl is singing.
Few verbs are used transitively or intransitively
E.g + The boy lays the book (T)
+ The boy is lying on the table (I)
+ He sets the bird free (T)
+ He sits on the chair (I)
2.2.4.1.3 - Auxiliary verb: Auxiliary verbs are words that are used as an adjunct to main verbs in questions and negative sentences so they are often used with the main verbs
- The auxiliary verbs such as: be, will, shall; do, did, ………….
E.g + He is studying English
+ She will come to the party.
+ An apple is eaten by Mary.
+ They have gone away.
+ Tom doesn’t understand the lesson.
2.2.4.1.4 - Modal verb: Modal verb is also one of the auxiliary verbs in all tenses, it is used to express the subjective relationship of a sentence or an objective reality
- The modal verbs such as: will, shall, can, may, might, need, dare, used to, ought to,
E.g + He can swim.
+ Can’t he swim?
2.2.4.2 The ways to form verbs:
Trang 9FORM EXAMPLES
circle encircle justice justify courage encourage liquid liquefy danger endanger terror terrify
company accompany endurance endure
circulation circulate knee kneel competition compete knowledge know compositio
description describe pleasure please dictation dictate product produce
education educate relief relieve illustration illustrate sale sell imitation imitate shelf shelve obligation obligate song sing provision provide speech speak
suspicious suspect thought think
bright brighten nation nationalize
beauty beautify vacancy vacate class classify vaccine vaccinate
Trang 10FORM EXAMPLES
glory glorify
ADJECTIVE → VERB
straight straighten hale heal
2.2.5 Phrasal Verbs.
2.2.5.1 Definition: Phrasal verbs are combinations of verbs and prepositions or adverbs to become meaningful phrases
E.g + He gave up drinking wine ten years ago.
2.2.5.2 The ways to form phrasal verbs:
VERB + PREPOSITION
AND ADVERD
Beat one’ self up End up Make up Beak down = wind up Look s.th up Break in Find out Look up to s b Break up with Get along = Make s.th up Bring s.th up get along with Look into s.th Bring S/O up Get in Move on to s.th Brush up on s.th Get off Look forward to Call for s.th Get on with s b Show off
Call for s b Get out Show up Carry out Get rid of s.th Slow down Catch up with s b Get up Speed up Check in Give up s.th Stand for
Check s.th out Go down Take off Clean s.th up Go off Take s.th off Come across as Go on Take up
Come up against Go up Tell s b off Come up with Grow up Turn around Cook up a story Help S/O out Turn down
Count on s b Keep on +V-ing Turn on Cut down on s.th Keep up s.th Turn st/sb down
Drop s b off Look after s b Wake up Figure out Look around Warm up Dress up Look at s.th Wear out