Đề thi thử THPT quốc gia 2020 môn tiếng anh hướng dẫn giải đề chuẩn cấu trúc 02

Cô Vũ Thị Mai PhươngĐỀ THI THAM KHẢO Lời giải đề có 20 trang KÌ THI TRUNG HỌC PHỔ THÔNG QUỐC GIA NĂM 2020 Bài thi: NGOẠI NGỮ ; Môn thi: TIẾNG ANH ĐỀ SỐ 02 Mark the letter A, B, C or D on

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Cô Vũ Thị Mai Phương

ĐỀ THI THAM KHẢO

(Lời giải đề có 20 trang)

KÌ THI TRUNG HỌC PHỔ THÔNG QUỐC GIA NĂM 2020

Bài thi: NGOẠI NGỮ ; Môn thi: TIẾNG ANH

ĐỀ SỐ 02

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position ofprimary stress in each of the following questions.

Question 1: A.language B.frequent C.impress D.backpack

Question 2: A.diplomatic B.appreciation C.information D.independent

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.

Question 3: A.recovery B.holiday C.problem D.occupant

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following question.

Question 5:Please accept our congratulations on your promotion!

Question 6:They've bought a holiday cottage near the sea, and in course they plan to move therepermanently

Question 7:She should have been here but she's chicken flu

Question 8:Part-time jobs give us the freedom to our own interest

Question 9:I won't buy that car because it has too much _ on it

A.ups and downs B.odds and ends C.wear and tear D.white lie

Question 10:Tom and Tim are meeting at school canteen

Tom: “Would you like to have a drink?”

Tim: “ _.”

Question 11:If the primary candidates _ been quite different

Question 12:With its thousands of rocks and caves _ international recognition

Question 13:The fraction 3/4 is pronounced

A.three-four B.three over fourth C.three-fourths D.third-fours

Question 14:The room needs for the Sip and see party

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Question 15: "Is there anything interesting _ the paper today?” – “Well, there’s an unusualpicture the back page."

Question 16:Two friends Stephanie and Scott are revising Math lesson in the school study room

Stephanie: “Oh, no! I left my book at home Can I share yours?”

Scott: “ ”

A.No, not at all! B.No, thanks C.Yes, I do too D.Yes, sure!

Question 17:After a match, the team from Chia emerged as the winner

A.hotly-contested B.hot-contested C.hotly-compete D.hot-competed

Question 18:As soon as we this new apartment, we _

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

THE ILLUSION OF FILM

Film is an illusion because the moving pictures seen on the screen are not moving at all A film isactually a series of tiny still pictures, or flames They appear to be moving because the retina of the humaneye retains the impression of an object for a split second after that object has actually disappeared Thisprinciple is known as the persistence of vision When we look at a single frame of film, the image persists

in the brain's visual center for a fraction of a second Then, the next frame comes along and the brain has to

catch up with the new image Thus, our eyes and brain trick US into thinking that we see a smoothly

moving image rather than a series of still ones

Another illusion of film is known collectively as special effects, the tricks and techniques thatfilmmakers use when makeup, costume, and stunts are still not enough to make a scene convincing Specialeffects artists apply science to filmmaking, showing US things that no plain camera could ever photograph.Even since the introduction of computer graphics in recent decades, the films of today still rely on somespecial effects that have existed since the early years of cinema

One category of special effects is called optical or visual effects, tricks made with the camera One ofthe pioneers of optical effects was the French filmmaker Georges Méliès, who invented a technique calledstop-motion photography With this technique, a scene is filmed, the camera is stopped, the scene is changed

in some way, and then the camera rolls again Stop motion photography can create the illusion of an actordisappearing on screen In one short film, an actor's clothes keep returning to his body as he tries to getundressed Méfiés also invented a technique known as split screen By putting a card over the camera lens,

he prevented half of the frame of film from being exposed He filmed a scene on the uncovered half of theframe and then backed up the same strip of film in his camera For the second shot, he covered the exposedhalf and took another series of pictures on the half that had been covered the first time With the technique ofsplit screen, it is possible to achieve illusions such as having the same actor play twins

Mechanical effects are another category of special effects Mechanical effects are objects or devicesused during the filming to create an illusion, such as feathers or plastic chips to simulate snow, and wires tocreate the illusion that people are flying Many sound effects are mechanical effects Wood blocks create ahorse's hoof beats, and a vibrating sheet of metal sounds like thunder During the silent film era, the musicmachine called the Kinematophone was popular because it could produce the sounds of sirens, sleigh bells,gunfire, baby cries, and kisses-all at the press of a key

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Other mechanical effects are puppets, robots of all sizes, and tiny copies of buildings or cities Toreduce the cost of studio sets or location photography, special-effects technicians create painted or projectedbackgrounds, which replace the set or add to it For example, in a long shot of a town, the set might be only

a few feet high, and the remainder of the town is painted onto a sheet of glass positioned in front of the

camera during filming In a 1916 silent film called The Flying Torpedo, mechanical effects created the

appearance of an enemy invasion of the California seacoast Technicians threw small contact-riggedexplosives into toy cities, scattering the tiny buildings into the air An artist painted a row of battleships on aboard that was only six feet long Carpenters drilled small holes in the ships, which were filled with small

charges of flash powder to simulate guns An electrician wired the charges so they could be fired on cuefrom a small battery For audiences of the time, the effect was of a real fleet of ships firing on the Californiacoast

Sometimes optical and mechanical effects are used together For the original 1933 version of King Kong,

the filmmakers wanted to show the giant ape climbing the Empire State Building in New York City Toshow Kong's climb, the special-effects technicians built a tiny movable model of the ape and aproportionately small model of the Empire State Building Then, stop-motion photography was used tocreate the illusion that Kong was moving up the building

Question 19:Why does the author discuss the principle of“persistence of vision” in paragraph 1?

A.To introduce a discussion of human vision B.To explain how we remember images

C.To support the idea that film is an illusion D.To compare two types of special effects

Question 20:The phrase“catch up with” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to _.

Question 21:The author primarily defines special effects as _

A.phenomena that cannot be explained logically

B.techniques and devices to create illusions in film

C.sounds and images that cause an emotional response

D.methods used by filmmakers of the silent film era

Question 22:It can be inferred from paragraph 4 that silent films

A.were projected by a machine called the Kinematophone

B.relied more on special effects than on acting ability

C.used sound effects to make scenes more convincing

D.are still very popular with movie audiences today

Question 23:All of the following would necessarily involve mechanical effects EXCEPT _

A.using wires to make objects fly B.filming each half of a frame separately

C.hitting a sheet of metal to create thunder D.building a small model of a town

Question 24:The word“which” in paragraph 5 refers to .

Question 25:What point does the author make in paragraph 6 about the 1933 film King Kongl A The

A.film combined two different types of special effects

B.The filmmakers trained a giant ape to climb up a building

C.Stop-motion photography was invented during the filming

D. King Kong remains very popular with audiences today.

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Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions.

Question 26:10 Breakthrough Technologies 2017, such as reversing paralysis, self-driving trucks, the

Many parents believe that they should begin to teach their children to read when they are (29)

more than toddlers This is fine if the child shows a real interest but forcing a child could becounterproductive if she isn't ready Wise parents will have a hopeful attitude and take the lead from theirchild What they should provide is a selection of stimulating toys, books and other activities Nowadaysthere is

plenty of good (30) available for young children, and of course, seeing plenty of books in useabout the house will also encourage them to read

Of course, books are no longer the only source of stories and information There is also a huge range ofvideos, which can reinforce and extend the pleasure a child finds in a book and are equally valuable inhelping to increase vocabulary and concentration Television gets a bad review as far as children areconcerned, mainly because too many spend too much time watching programmes not intended for their age(31) Too many television programmes induce an incurious, uncritical attitude that is going

to make learning much more difficult However, discriminating viewing of programmes designed for youngchildren can be useful Just as adults enjoy reading a book after seeing it serialised on television, so childrenwill pounce on books which (32) their favourite television characters, and videos can add anew (33) to a story known from a book

Question 29: A.scarcely B.rarely C.slightly D.really

Question 30: A.material B.sense C.produce D.amusement

Question 32: A.illustrate B.extend C.feature D.possess

Question 33: A.revival B.dimension C.option D.existence

Today's cars are smaller, safer, cleaner, and more economical than their predecessors, but the car of thefuture will be far more pollution-free than those on the road today Several new types of automobile engineshave already been developed that run on alternative sources of power, such as electricity, compressed naturalgas, methanol, steam, hydrogen, and propane Electricity, however, is the only zero- emission optionpresently available

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Although electric vehicles will not be truly practical until a powerful,compact battery or other dependable

source of current is available, transportation experts foresee a new assortment of electric vehicles enteringeveryday life: shorter-range commuter electric cars, three-wheeled neighborhood cars, electric delivery vans,bikes, and trolleys

As automakers work to develop practical electrical vehicles, urban planners and utility engineers arefocusing on infrastructure systems to support and make the best use of the new cars Public chargingfacilities will need to be as common as today's gas stations Public parking spots on the street or incommercial lots will need to be equipped with devices that allow drivers to charge their batteries while theystop, dine, or attend a concert To encourage the use of electric vehicles, the most convenient parking intransportation centers might be reserved for electric cars

Planners foresee electric shuttle buses, trains, buses, and neighborhood vehicles all meeting at transit

centers that would have facilities for charging and renting Commuters will be able to rent a variety of

electric cars to suit their needs: light trucks, one-person three-wheelers, small cars, or electric/gasolinehybrid cars for longer trips, which will no doubt take place on automated freeways capable of handling fivetimes the number of vehicles that can be carried by a freeway today

Question 34:The following electrical vehicles are all mentioned in the passage EXCEPT

Question 35:The author's purpose in the passage is to _

A.criticize conventional vehicles

B.support the invention of electric cars

C.narrate a story about alternative energy vehicles

D.describe the possibilities for transportation in the future

Question 36:The passage would most likely be followed by details about

A.automated freeways B.pollution restrictions in the future

C.the neighborhood of the future D.electric shuttle buses

Question 37:The word“compact” in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to _.

Question 38:In the second paragraph the author implies that _

A.a dependable source of electric energy will eventually be developed

B.everyday life will stay much the same in the future

C.a single electric vehicle will eventually replace several modes of transportation

D.electric vehicles are not practical for the future

Question 39:According to the passage, public parking lots of the future will be

A.more convenient than they are today B.equipped with charging devices

C.much larger than they are today D.as common as today's gas stations

Question 40:The word“foresee” in this passage could best be replaced with .

Question 41:The word“commuters” in paragraph 4 refers to .

Mark the letter A, B C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

Question 42:If you areat a loose end this weekend, I will show you round the city.

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Question 43:Learning a language is a verycomplicated process, all human beings are bom with a language

ability

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

Question 44:The pensioner wastaken in by a thief posing as a telephone engineer.

Question 45:The governmentcame in for a lot of criticism after the revelations.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair

of sentences in the following questions.

Question 46: Mike graduated from The University of Melbourne with flying colours However, he chose to

work for volunteer programs in Africa

A. Mike chose to work for volunteer programs in Africa because he graduated from The University of

Melbourne with flying colours.

B.If Mike graduated from The University of Melbourne with flying colours, he would work for volunteer

programs in Africa

C. Although Mike graduated from The University of Melbourne with flying colours, he chose to work for

volunteer programs in Africa

D. That Mike graduated from The University of Melbourne with flying colours helped him a lot with his

volunteer work in Africa

Question 47: Almost every Vietnamese people watched U23 Asian Cup Final They were somewhatsatisfied with it

A.Almost every Vietnamese people were somewhat satisfied when watched U23 Asian Cup Final

B.U23 Asian Cup Final was somewhat satisfying almost every Vietnamese people

C.Almost every Vietnamese people, who watched U23 Asian Cup Final, were somewhat satisfied with it

D.U23 Asian Cup Final was somewhat satisfying by the way Vietnamese people watched it

Mark the letter A, B, c or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions.

Question 48:Soil erosion is result of forests being cut down carelessly

A.That forests are being cut down carelessly results from soil erosion

B.Soil erosion contributes to forests being cut down carelessly

C.Soil erosion results in forests being cut down carelessly

D.That forests are being cut down carelessly leads to soil erosion

Question 49:Mr Brown said to me “Make good use of your time You won’t get such an opportunity again.”

A.Mr Brown offered me such an opportunity so that I could make use of my time

B.Mr Brown advised me to make use of my time as I wouldn’t get such an opportunity again

C.Mr Brown ordered me to make use of my time, said that I wouldn’t get an opportunity again

D.Mr Brown let me make use of my time, knowing that I wouldn’t get an opportunity again

Question 50:People said she did not study hard enough to win the scholarship

A.It was said she studied hard but she could not win the scholarship

B.She was said to have studied hard enough to win the scholarship

C.She was said not to have studied hard enough to win the scholarship

D.It was said she won the scholarship though she didn’t study hard enough

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HƯỚNG DẪN GIẢI CHI TIẾT

B.frequent/'fri:kwənt/(adj): thường xuyên

C impress /ɪm'pres/ (v): gây ấn tượng

D.backpack /'bæskpæk/ (n): cái ba lô

Question 2: A.diplomatic B.appreciation C.information D.independent

Đáp án B.

B nhấn trọng âm ở âm tiết thứ tư, các đáp án còn lại ở âm tiết thứ ba

A.diplomatic /,dɪplə'mæstik/ (adj): ngoại giao, có tài ngoại giao, có tính cách ngoại giao

Ex:The US severed diplomatic relations with Cuba in 1961

B appreciation /ə,pri: ∫ i'eɪ ∫ ən/ (n): sự công nhận, nhận thức rõ về sự quan trọng.

Ex: It helps children to develop an appreciation of poetry and literature: Điều này giúp cho trẻ phát triển

nhận thức về thơ ca và văn học.

C.information /,infə'mein∫n/ (n): thông tin

D.independent /,ɪndɪ'pendənt/ (adj): độc lập, tự chủ.

Ex:Small independent bookshops: Những cửa hàng sách nhỏ độc lập.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.

Question 3: A.recovery B.holiday C.problem D.occupant

Đáp án A.

A recovery /rɪ'k ʌ vəri/ (n): sự hỏi phục

Ex:My father has made a full recovery from the operation

B.holiday /'hɔtədi/ (n): kỳ nghỉ, thời gian nghỉ

C.problem / 'prɔbləm/ (n): vẩn đề, rắc rối

Ex:I've been having a few problems with my car: Tôi có một số vấn đề với cái xe của tôi.

D.occupant /'ɔkjʊpənt/ (n): người ở, sống trong ngôi nhà, căn hộ

Ex:The furniture had been left by the previous occupants: Nội that được đế lại bởi người ở trước đó Phần

được gạch chân ở đáp án A được phát âm là/ʌ/, khác với các đáp án còn lại phát âm là /ɔ/

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D.youths /ju:ðz/ (n): tuổi trẻ

Phần được gạch chân ở đáp án A được phát âm là /s/, khác với các đáp án còn lại phát âm là /z/

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following question.

Question 5:Please accept our congratulations on your promotion!

Đáp án B.

Cụm cố địnhaccept one's deepest/ warmest/ heartiest congratulations on/ upon: đón nhận sự chúc mừng

nồng nhiệt nhất của ai nhân dịp gì.

- fine (adj):

1 rất tốt Ex: He's a very fine player: Anh ấy là một người chơi rất giỏi.

2 chấp nhận được, ổn Ex: In my opinion, the scheme sounds fine: Theo quan điểm của tôi thì kể hoạch

này cũng khá ổn.

- dear (adj): rất thân thiết, quan trọng.

Ex:Mark became a dear friend

Question 6:They've bought a holiday cottage near the sea, and in course they plan to move therepermanently

Đáp án B.

Tạm dịch:Bọn họ đã mua một ngôi nhà để phục vụ cho các kỳ nghỉ ở gần biển, và vào một lúc nào đó trong tương lai, họ sẽ chuyển hẳn về đó.

-in due course: vào một lúc nào đó trong tương lai.

Ex:Further details will be announced in due course: Nội dung chi tiết sẽ được tuyên bố trong tương lai.

Question 7:She should have been here but she's chicken flu

Đáp án B.

A.go through sth: kiếm tra kĩ; trải qua việc gì đó.

Ex: - She went through the company’s account, looking for evidence of fraud: Cô ta kiểm tra kỹ tài khoản

của công ty, tìm kiếm chứng cứ lừa đảo.

- She’s been going through a bad patch recently: Cô ta vừa trải qua một vận đen lớn gần đây.

B to go down with sth: become sick/ ill (tiếng Anh-Anh)

Ex:Your daughter has gone down with smallpox: Con gái của tôi đã mắc phải bệnh đậu mùa.

C.to come in for with sth: chịu đựng cái gì.

Ex:The publishing house has come in for a lot of criticism due to its new book

D.come up against sth (v): giải quyết, vượt qua khó khăn.

Ex:We may find we come up against quite a lot of opposition from local people: Chúng tôi có thể thấy rằng

chúng tôi phải đối mặt với khả nhiều sự phản đối từ người dân địa phương.

Đáp án chính xác làB gone down with.

Tạm dịch:Cô ấy đang lẽ đã ở đây nhưng cô ấy lại bị cúm.

Question 8:Part-time jobs give us the freedom to our own interest

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Đáp án A.

- to pursue one's interest: theo đuổi đam mê, sở thích

Ex: He also takes an art class in the evening as a way to pursue his interest besides his main job: Anh ấy

cũng học một lớp nghệ thuật vào buổi tối như là một cách để theo đuối đam mê ngoài công việc của anh.

- part-time job (n): công việc làm thêm, không phải là việc toàn thời gian (full-time job).

Ex:She wants to work part-time after she's had the baby: Cô ấy muốn đi làm thêm sau khi sinh con.

Question 9:I won't buy that car because it has too much _ on it

A.ups and downs B.odds and ends C.wear and tear D.white lie

Đáp án C.

A.ups and downs: thăng trầm, những lúc thuận lợi và những khi khó khăn.

Ex:His business has gone through many ups and downs before flourishing like today: Công việc kinh doanh

của anh ấy đã trải qua nhiều thăng trầm trước khi khởi sắc như hôm nay.

B.odds and ends (n): những thứ linh tinh vụn vặt, không quan trọng.

Ex:He didn't keep much in his desk - just a few odds and ends: Anh ấy không để nhiều đồ ở bàn, chỉ một vài

thứ đồ linh tinh.

C.wear and tear: (đồ vật) xây xước, tổn hại do được dùng hằng ngày, hao mòn tự nhiên.

Ex: The insurance policy does not cover damage caused by normal wear and tear: Chính sách bảo hiểm

không áp dụng cho những tổn hại gây ra bởi hao mòn tự nhiên thông thường.

D.white lie: lời nói dối vô hại.

Ex:He told her a white lie in order not to hurt her

Đáp án chính xác làC wear and tear.

Tạm dịch:Tôi không mua cái xe vì nó có qua nhiều hao mòn, hư hỏng.

Question 10:Tom and Tim are meeting at school canteen

Tom: “Would you like to have a drink?”

Tim: “ _.”

Đáp án B.

Tạm dịch: Tom: Bạn có muốn uổng gì không? Tim: Có chứ (Sure)

Question 11:If the primary candidates _ been quite different

Đáp án B.

Dựa vào động từ ở vế chính “would have been”

Đây là câu điều kiện loại 3, điều kiện không có thực ở quá khứ, nên chọnB had focused.

Tạm dịch:Nếu các ứng cử viên chính tập trung nhiều hơn vào vấn đề, các kết quả của cuộc bầu cử đã khá khác.

Question 12:With its thousands of rocks and caves _ international recognition

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Ex:The swimmer emerged from the lake.

She finally emerged from her room at noon

She emerged from the scandal with her reputation intact

Question 13:The fraction 3/4 is pronounced

A.three-four B.three over fourth C.three-fourths D.third-fours

Đáp án C.

Quy tắc đọc phân số như sau:

* Đối với tử số:Luôn dùng số đếm: one, two, three, four, five

1/5 = one / fifth

1/2 = one (a) half

Đối với mẫu số:

5/529 = five over five two nine

28/42 = twenty-eight over four two (tử số có 2 chữ số)

* Đối vói hỗn số:

Ta viết số nguyên (đọc theo số đếm) + and + phân số (theo luật đọc phân số ở trên)

4 4/5 = four and four fifths

9 1/4 = nine and a quarter

Question 14:The room needs for the Sip and see party

Đáp án D.

Sth + need + V-ing = need to be PII: cần được làm gì.

Ex: The door needs painting = The door needs to be painted.

- decorate (v): trang trí.

Ex:The bathroom is decorated in green and yellow

- sip and see party: tiệc mừng em bé chào đời, là bữa tiệc mà những người mới trở thành bổ mẹ tổ chức để

mời bạn bè và người thân đến thăm em bẻ mới chào đời.

Question 15: "Is there anything interesting _ the paper today?” – “Well, there’s an unusualpicture the back page."

Đáp án A.

Giới từin the paper: (nội dung) có trong báo, on the back page: ở trang sau.

Question 16:Two friends Stephanie and Scott are revising Math lesson in the school study room

Stephanie: “Oh, no! I left my book at home Can I share yours?”

Scott: “ ”

A.No, not at all! B.No, thanks C.Yes, I do too D.Yes, sure!

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Đáp án D.

Tạm dịch:

- Stephanie: Ôi, tớ quên sách ở nhà nhất rồi Bạn cho tớ dùng chung với nhé?

Scott: Ừ, dĩ nhiên là được.

Question 17:After a match, the team from Chia emerged as the winner

A.hotly-contested B.hot-contested C.hotly-compete D.hot-competed

Đáp án A.

Tạm dịch:Sau một trận thi đấu quyết liệt, nhóm từ Trung Quốc đã chiến thẳng.

- emerge as sth: được biết đến là

- hotly - contested: thi đấu quyết liệt, nảy lửa

Ex:He emerged as a key figure in the campaign

Question 18:As soon as we this new apartment, we _

Đáp án B.

Tạm dịch:Ngay sau khi tìm được căn hộ mới này, chúng tôi đã chuyển đến đó.

Chúng ta sử dụng “as soon as” để diễn tả một hành động mà đã được thực hiện ngay tức thì sau một hànhđộng khác trong quá khứ hoặc tương lai

Ex:- I laughed as soon as she slipped: Tôi đã cười to ngay sau khi cô ẩy bị trượt chân.

- They will give her a job as soon as she graduates from this university: Họ sẽ cho cô ẩy một công việc

ngay sau khi cô tốt nghiệp trường đại học này.

THE ILLUSION OF FILM

Film is an illusion because the moving pictures seen on the screen are not moving at all A film is actually

a series of tiny still pictures, or flames They appear to be moving because the retina of the human eyeretains the impression of an object for a split second after that object has actually disappeared This principle

is known as the persistence of vision When we look at a single frame of film, the image persists in the

brain's visual center for a fraction of a second Then, the next frame comes along and the brain has tocatch

up with the new image Thus, our eyes and brain trick US into thinking that we see a smoothly moving

image rather than a series of still ones

Another illusion of film is known collectively as special effects, the tricks and techniques that filmmakersuse when makeup, costume, and stunts are still not enough to make a scene convincing Special effectsartists apply science to filmmaking, showing US things that no plain camera could ever photograph Evensince the introduction of computer graphics in recent decades, the films of today still rely on some specialeffects that have existed since the early years of cinema

One category of special effects is called optical or visual effects, tricks made with the camera One of thepioneers of optical effects was the French filmmaker Georges Méliès, who invented a technique called stop-motion photography With this technique, a scene is filmed, the camera is stopped, the scene is changed insome way, and then the camera rolls again Stop motion photography can create the illusion of an actordisappearing on screen In one short film, an actor's clothes keep returning to his body as he tries to getundressed Méfiés also invented a technique known as split screen By putting a card over the camera lens,

he prevented half of the frame of film from being exposed He filmed a scene on the uncovered half of theframe and then backed up the same strip of film in his camera For the second shot, he covered the exposed

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half and took another series of pictures on the half that had been covered the first time With the technique ofsplit screen, it is possible to achieve illusions such as having the same actor play twins.

Mechanical effects are another category of special effects Mechanical effects are objects or devices usedduring the filming to create an illusion, such as feathers or plastic chips to simulate snow, and wires to createthe illusion that people are flying Many sound effects are mechanical effects Wood blocks create a horse'shoof beats, and a vibrating sheet of metal sounds like thunder During the silent film era, the music machinecalled the Kinematophone was popular because it could produce the sounds of sirens, sleigh bells, gunfire,baby cries, and kisses-all at the press of a key

Other mechanical effects are puppets, robots of all sizes, and tiny copies of buildings or cities To reducethe cost of studio sets or location photography, special-effects technicians create painted or projectedbackgrounds, which replace the set or add to it For example, in a long shot of a town, the set might be only