English 101 series: 101 model answers for IELTS writing task 1

Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features,and make comparisons where relevant... Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features,and m

English 101 Series: 101 model answers for Task 1 of the IELTS writing

module

Mark Griffiths

Kindle Edition

Copyright 2013 Mark Griffiths

Discover other titles by Mark Griffiths

60 Topics for IELTS Speaking

IELTS Speaking: A Comprehensive Guide

IELTS Writing: A Comprehensive guide

English 101 Series: 101 model answers for part 1 of the IELTS speakingmodule

English 101 Series: 101 model answers for part 2 of the IELTS speakingmodule

English 101 Series: 101 model answers for part 3 of the IELTS speakingmodule

English 101 Series: 101 model answers for IELTS writing task 1

English 101 Series: 101 model answers for IELTS writing task 2

English 101 Series: 101 vocabulary problems

English 101 Series: 101 grammar exercises

English 101 Series: 101 proverbs and sayings (set 1)

English 101 Series: 101 proverbs and sayings (set 2)

English 101 Series: 101 phrasal verbs (set 1)

English 101 Series: 101 phrasal verbs (set 2)

English 101 Series: 101 slang terms (set 1)

English 101 Series: 101 slang terms (set 2)

English 101 Series: 101 conversation phrases

English 101 Series: 101 connectives

38 Industrial water use

39 Marriage in the USA

74 Canned pear production

75 Cocoa bean production

86 House floor plan

87 The Eiffel Tower

101 London airports

About the Author

Many candidates like to read model answers when they are preparing forthe IELTS speaking and writing modules This book provides one modelanswer for each of the following 101 task 1 topics for the IELTS writingmodule

The model answers are intended as a guide Candidates can use the formatand suggestions presented in the essays in their own writing In addition,candidates may find that the vocabulary and grammatical structures in thisbook help them to create their own essays

The 101 essays have been divided according to way the data has beenpresented After every fifth essay there is a ‘back to top’ feature that takesthe reader back to the contents, from where they can access a new essay

The information contained in the charts and diagrams are not necessarily correct reflections of the real world.

The information provided on the average earnings of men indicates thatmale stock clerks earn $488 per week Male book keepers earn, on average,

$654 per week Male police officers earn $948 per week, almost twice asmuch as stock clerks Male teachers make $1022 per week and malefinancial managers earn almost 50% more than that, at $1504 per week

Overall, this tells us that women are paid around the same as men in thesejobs, except for financial managers, but that women are paid relatively lessthan men as average weekly earnings increase

students spending 30% of their money on it, whereas Westmont studentsspend 20% and Whitford students only 10% Similarly, spending onclothing varies a lot, with Whitford students spending 22% of their money

on them, Beaufort students almost half of that (12%) and Westmontstudents only 6% When it comes to spending on films, Westmont studentsspend 28% of their money on them, with Beaufort students spending aslightly lower percentage (22%) and Whitford students only 8% Whitfordstudents spend the highest proportion of money on music (28%) withWestmont students spending a lower proportion (21%) and Beaufortstudents just 8%

Overall, we can see that the proportion of spending on video games issimilar at all three schools Thereafter, Westmont students spend largeproportions on food, films and music Beaufort students spend largeproportions on food and films, whereas Whitford students spend largerproportions on music and clothing

From 5-7am, female stress levels are at 55 whilst men's are at 35 Levels forboth increase, to 60 and 45 respectively, from 7-9am From 9-11am, men'sstress levels continue to rise, to 60, whilst women's fall slightly to 55 From11am to 1pm, stress levels fall to 55 for men and 50 for women From 1-3pm, the stress levels increase again – 55 for women and 65 for men Theycontinue to increase from 3-5pm, reaching 60 for women and 70 for men.Thereafter stress levels for men decrease, to 60 from 5-7pm, whereas stresslevels for women rise further to 65 for the same period This trendcontinues from 7-9pm, when men's stress levels fall to 55 and women's rise

to 70 Finally, from 9-11pm, women's stress levels fall a little to 65 andmen's drop to 45

To summarise the main points, men are most stressed from 3-5pm andwomen are most stressed from 7-9pm Men are more stressed than womenfrom 9am to 5pm whereas women have higher stress levels than menoutside these hours

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4 Employment

The table below shows the percentage of employers in six countries whohave difficulty in finding workers and the unemployment rates in thosecountries

Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features,and make comparisons where relevant

The table shows us the percentage of employers in six countries (Japan,Brazil, Argentina, Canada, Italy and Ireland) having difficulty filling jobsand the unemployment rate in those countries.

In Japan, the highest percentage of employers (80%) report that findingworkers is difficult The unemployment rate there is also the lowest of thesix countries, at 4.6% In Brazil, 71% of employers have difficulty findingemployees The unemployment rate there is 6.2% In Argentina, theunemployment rate is 7.1% and just under half of employers (45%) claim it

is hard to find workers In Canada, a quarter of employers find it difficult tofind employees The unemployment rate is slightly higher than Argentina's

at 7.3% In Italy, the unemployment rate is 9.8% and just 14% of employersreport difficulties finding workers In Ireland, the unemployment rate is14.3% and very few employers (2%) have problems getting workers

To conclude from the data from these six countries, as the unemploymentrate rises, fewer employers report difficulties finding workers

The bar chart shows the net food trade surpluses and deficits of eightregions in the years 1965 and 2010.

Between these years, North America's surplus more than doubled from 60million tonnes to 140 million South America's surplus showed the greatestrelative increase, from 10 million tonnes in 1965 to 125 million in 2010.Meanwhile, Australia's surplus trebled, from 10 million tonnes to 30million Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union had a very smalldeficit of 5 million tonnes in 1965, but this had become a surplus of 50million tonnes in 2010

Central America also had a slight deficit of 5 million tonnes in 1965, butthis had become a 20 million tonne deficit by 2010 Meanwhile, WesternEurope's deficit grew somewhat from 40 million tonnes to 50 million.Asia's deficit quadrupled from 30 million tonnes to 120 million over theperiod However, the Middle East and Africa saw the greatest increase,from a deficit of 10 million tonnes in 1965 to one of 150 million in 2010

To summarise, South America saw its surplus increase the most whereas theMiddle East and Africa saw its deficit increase the most

To sum up, we can see that, as a percentage of total spending, people inTurkey spend the most on food, drink and tobacco and on leisure and

education, whereas Italians spend the highest percentage on clothing andfootwear.

In Kenya, the average work time required to earn enough to buy 20cigarettes is 92 minutes In India, it is 77 minutes, whilst in Mexico andPoland it is almost half this amount of time – 40 minutes

In Kenya, it takes 64 minutes to earn enough to but 1kg of bread Thiscompares with 49 minutes in Mexico In India, it takes 34 minutes, almosthalf the time it takes in Kenya, whilst in Poland it takes 21 minutes – a third

of the time required in Kenya

In Kenya, it takes 109 minutes to earn enough to buy 1kg of rice, whereas

in India, it takes 79 minutes In Mexico, it takes 25 minutes and in Poland ittakes 2 minutes less than that

To summarise, it takes longest to earn enough to buy these items in Kenya,and the least time in Poland

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8 Health care spending

The table below shows figures relating to health care spending in 4countries

Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features,and make comparisons where relevant

The table shows public and private spending on health as percentages ofGDP for four countries along with the average annual increase in healthspending for those countries

In the USA, public health care spending is 8% of GDP and private healthcare spending is 9% of GDP In France, public spending on health care is9% of GDP – the highest of the four countries – but private spending on

health care is much lower, at 3% In Britain, public health care spending is8% of GDP whilst private health care spending is 2% - the lowest of thefour countries Mexico spends the smallest proportions of GDP on bothpublic health care and private health care, at 3% for each.

In France, the average annual increase in health care spending is the lowest,

at 2.6% In Mexico it is almost 50% higher, at 3.8%, whilst it is slightlyhigher than that in the USA, at 4.2% However, the highest rate of increasecan be seen in Britain, at 4.9%

To summarise, the USA spends the greatest proportion of GDP on healthcare and Mexico spends the smallest proportion The largest annual increase

in health care spending is in Britain

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9 Immigration

The table below shows the number of people who became citizens of 6countries between 2001 and 2010 and the percentage of foreign borncitizens of those countries

Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features,and make comparisons where relevant

The table shows the number of people who became citizens of variouscountries between 2001 and 2010 and the percentage of citizens of thosecountries who were born abroad.

The USA had – by far – the highest number of naturalisations, at 6.6million This was more than three times the number of immigrants toCanada (1.8 million) This in turn was almost twice as many immigrants asAustralia received (1 million) Immigration to the other three countries wasmuch lower in total 400,000 migrated to Switzerland, 200,000 to NewZealand and 100,000 to South Korea

Australia and Switzerland had the highest percentage of foreign borncitizens (27% each) The percentage for New Zealand was 23% and thecorresponding figure for Canada was 20% The figure for the USA wasslightly under half of that for Australia and Switzerland, at 13%.Meanwhile, in South Korea, the percentage was far lower, at 2%

To summarise, the USA received the largest number of immigrants andAustralia and Switzerland had the largest proportions of foreign borncitizens On the other hand, South Korea received the lowest number ofimmigrants and also had the smallest proportion of foreign born citizens

In 1911, there were 73 men aged over By 1941, this had increased to 131.

In 1971, the figure had increased to 287 and in 2001 it stood at 536.Therefore, we can see that the number of men aged over 100 roughlydoubled every thirty years

In 1911, there were 100 women aged over 100 This more than trebled to

317 in 1941 Then there was a massive increase to 2322 in 1971 and afurther doubling to 4621 in 2001 Therefore, we can see that the number ofwomen over 100 increased even faster than the number of men

To summarise, the number of male and female centenarians in Britain rosebetween 1911 and 2001, mainly as a result of the number of females over

100 The biggest relative increase was between 1941 and 1971

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September There is a further fall to 70mm in October, followed by smallerdecreases to 50mm in November and 40mm in December.

The average daily temperature in January is 4°C, rising slightly to 5°C inFebruary Thereafter, the temperature increases more quickly, to 9°C inMarch, 13°C in April and 19°C in May In June, the average dailytemperature is 22°C, with a sharp rise to 28°C in July and August InSeptember, the average is 22°C – the same as in June By October, theaverage falls to 18°C By November, it decreases again to 11°C and then to7°C in December

To summarise, June is the wettest month and July and August are thehottest December is the driest month whereas January is the coldest

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12 Transport

The table below shows the distances the average British person travelled by

7 kinds of transport in 1985 and in 2000

Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features,and make comparisons where relevant

The table shows how far the average British person travelled using sevenmodes of transport in 1985 and 2000.

The distances travelled by car were the highest – 3199 miles in 1985, rising50% to 4806 miles in 2000 The average distance travelled by train alsorose, from 289 miles in 1985 to 366 miles in 2000 The average distancetravelled using long distance buses more than doubled, from 54 miles in

1985 to 124 miles in 2000 The average number of miles travelled usingtaxis more than trebled, from just 13 in 1985 to 42 in 2000

The average distance travelled using local buses declined from 429 miles in

1985 to 274 miles in 2000 The average distance walked fell slightly, from

255 miles in 1985 to 237 miles in 2000 There was somewhat of a fall in theaverage number of miles travelled using bicycles between 1985 (51 miles)and 2000 (41 miles)

Overall, the average number of miles travelled using these forms oftransport rose, largely due to increased car use

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13 MBA programmes

The table below shows information about MBA courses at 3 universities.

Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features,and make comparisons where relevant

The table shows four pieces of information about MBA programmes atthree universities

On average, graduates from Seatown University's MBA course can expectthe highest salaries ($130,000), almost 10% higher than the average ofgraduates from Laketown ($119,000) and $20,000 more than graduatesfrom Rivertown

Students on Seatown University's MBA course also have a longer period ofwork experience – 78 months This is six months longer than the averagefor students at Rivertown and eighteen months longer than students atLaketown

The tuition fees at Seatown are also much lower than those at the other twouniversities Seatown students pay $36,000 This is almost half of what thestudents at Rivertown pay ($67,000) and somewhat more than a third ofwhat Laketown students are charged ($92,000)

Moreover, the MBA course at Seatwon University is the shortest, at 12months Laketown's is 15 months – a month less than that at Rivertown

To summarise, students on the MBA course at Seatown can expect thehighest salaries upon graduation, even though they pay the least for their

course Their course is also the shortest However, students there also havethe most experience before beginning their course.

The table illustrates the levels of caffeine in various types of tea and coffee

Three types of coffee clearly contain high levels of caffeine Brewed coffeecontains 150 mg of caffeine per cup Filter coffee contains slightly lesscaffeine (135 mg per cup) Instant coffee has 110 mg a cup The three kinds

of coffee with far less caffeine in them are espresso, which has 15 mg percup, and decaffeinated brewed coffee and decaffeinated instant coffeewhich contain virtually no caffeine at all

When it comes to the three types of tea, we can see that black tea has thehighest level of caffeine, at 65 mg per cup This is more than twice thecaffeine content of green tea (30 mg a cup) However, white tea has thelowest level of caffeine of the three types of tea, at 25 mg per cup.

Overall, we can see that three kinds of coffee have high levels of caffeine,but that there are three others that have lower levels than the three kinds oftea

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15 Canadian rapid transit

The table below shows information about 3 rapid transit systems in Canada

Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features,and make comparisons where relevant

The table gives us some statistics about three rapid transit systems inCanada, namely when they were opened, how many stations they have, thelength of the system and the number of people they carried in 2010

The earliest rapid transit system was opened in Toronto in 1954, withMontreal’s following 12 years later in 1966 and Vancouver’s openingalmost two decades after that, in 1985 Vancouver has the fewest stations byfar – just 47 Montreal has 68 and Toronto has one more than that – 69 Thethree systems are remarkably similar in length Montreal’s is the longest at69.2 km, just half a kilometre longer than Vancouver’s (68.7 km) and lessthan a kilometre longer than Toronto’s (68.3 km) This means Vancouver’ssystem has a greater distance between stations, on average In 2010, 117

million passengers were carried on Vancouver’s system 296 million usedMontreal’s system and 336 million used Toronto’s This was almost threetimes more than used Vancouver’s.

To summarise, Toronto’s system opened first, has the most stations and thehighest number of passengers, but is the shortest Montreal’s system is thelongest whereas Vancouver’s has the longest average distance betweenstations

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Bar charts

16 Defence spending

The bar chart below shows defence spending in 5 countries

Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features,and make comparisons where relevant

The bar chart shows us the defence budgets of five countries, namely SaudiArabia, the USA, India, France and Japan, in 2005 and 2010, as percentages

of GDP

The defence budgets of Saudi Arabia and the USA rose as percentages ofGDP The defence budget of Saudi Arabia rose significantly from 8.2% ofGDP in 2005 to 10.4% in 2010 The defence budget of the USA rosenoticeably in relative terms, from 3.9% to 4.7% of GDP

On the other hand, the defence budgets of India and France fell, aspercentages of GDP India's decreased slightly from 2.7% of GDP to 2.5%

of GDP France's declined from 1.9% of GDP to 1.6% of GDP – a greaterfall in relative terms

As for Japan, its defence budget remained stable as a percentage of GDP, at1%

To summarise, the bar chart shows that the defence budgets of the fivecountries varied considerably as percentages of GDP, with Saudi Arabia'sbeing the highest and Japan's being the lowest In addition, defencespending as a percentage of GDP rose in two countries, declined in two andremained the same in one.

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17 Digital camera sales

The bar chart below shows digital camera sales in 4 parts of the world in

In Asia, sales rose from 38 million in 2010 to 44 million in 2011 and then to

51 million in 2012 The pattern was similar in the USA, with salesincreasing from 27 million in 2010 to 33 million in 2011, and thereafter to

38 million in 2012 Similarly, in Europe, sales were at 22 million in 2010,rising to 34 million in 2011 – just surpassing sales in the USA – with afurther increase to 49 million in 2012 Sales of digital cameras in the rest of

the world followed a different pattern Sales rose from 11 million in 2010 to

15 million in 2011, but then stayed at that level in 2012

To summarise, we can see that sales of digital cameras were highest in Asia,but rose fastest in Europe, where sales in 2010 were a little over half those

in Asia, but almost the same as those in Asia in 2012 Sales of digitalcameras in the rest of the world, however, failed to increase between 2011and 2012

The value of fuel exports fell significantly from 2007 to 2008, from 46billion dollars to 40 billion It then declined even more dramatically to 29billion in 2009 Further declines saw the value of fuel exports drop to 26billion in 2010 and 21 million in 2011 There was then a further, smaller,decrease to 20 billion in 2012.

The value of manufacturing goods exported rose from 18 billion dollars in

2007 to 24 billion in 2008 This was followed by a much smaller increase to

25 billion in 2009 By 2010, the value of manufactured goods exported hadfallen to 20 billion Following this decline, there were small increases to 21billion and 22 billion dollars in 2011 and 2012 respectively

To summarise, the value of fuel exports declined by over 50% over theperiod whilst the value of manufactured goods and food exports fluctuated

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19 Demand for copper

The bar chart below shows the demand for copper from 4 parts of the worldfrom 2007 to 2012

Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features,and make comparisons where relevant

The bar chart shows the global demand for copper from 2007 to 2011 Fourregions of the world are shown – USA, Asia, Europe and the rest of theworld Figures are given in million tonnes.

Demand for copper in the USA was four million tonnes in 2007 and 2008

It then halved to two million tonnes in 2010 before rising to three milliontonnes in 2010 and 2011 Demand for copper from Asia was two milliontonnes every year, except in 2009 when it rose to three million tonnes Thedemand for copper from Europe was two million tonnes every year except

in 2009 when it dropped to one million tonnes The demand for copperfrom the rest of the world was 0.5 million tonnes in 2007, doubling to onemillion tonnes in 2008 It remained at that level until 2011 when it halved to0.5 million tonnes

Overall, we can see that the total global demand for copper fluctuatedbetween seven and nine million tonnes over the period, with a dip to sevenmillion tonnes in 2009, mainly as a result of a reduced demand from theUSA, though this was compensated somewhat by increased demand fromAsia

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20 Internet economy

The bar chart below shows the Internet’s contribution to the economy of 5countries.

Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features,and make comparisons where relevant

The bar chart shows us the contribution of the Internet to the economies offive countries in 2010 and the forecast contribution for 2020 The countriesare Britain, South Korea, Mexico, Germany and Australia

In 2010, the Internet contributed 8.3% to Britain's GDP and is expected tocontribute 12.4% in 2020 These are the highest figures for any of the fivecountries In 2010, the Internet contributed 7.3% to South Korea's economyand this is forecast to rise to 8% by 2020 In Mexico, Germany andAustralia, the Internet's contribution to GDP was much lower and ispredicted to remain so In 2010, it contributed 3.3% to Australia's economy,but this is only expected to increase to 3.7% by 2020 In Germany, theInternet contributed 3% to the economy and this is predicted to increase by

a third to 4% in 2020, overtaking Australia In Mexico, in 2010, theInternet's contribution to the economy was 2.5%, but it is forecast toovertake both Germany and Australia by 2020, contributing 4.2%

To summarise, the Internet has contributed the most to Britain's economy,but it is expected to contribute more to Mexico's economy than those ofGermany and Australia by 2020

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21 Meat consumption

The bar chart below shows meat consumption in 3 countries

Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features,and make comparisons where relevant

The bar chart shows us the amount of meat eaten per person in threecountries – Luxembourg, the USA and Australia Four types of meat areshown – beef, pork, poultry and other

In Luxembourg, people eat an average of 135kg of meat per year, with beef,pork and poultry each making up 40-45kg and other meats contributingabout 6kg In the USA, the average person eats about 125kg of meat peryear, of which poultry is just over 50kg, beef just over 40kg and pork about30kg Other meats contribute perhaps 1kg In Australia, people eat slightlyless meat per person than in the USA – just over 120kg Of this, beefconsumption is just over 40kg per person, poultry just under 40kg perperson and pork consumption is much lower at about 25kg Consumption ofother meat is about 15kg – the highest of the three countries

Therefore, we can see that beef consumption per person is very similar inthe three countries, with people in Luxembourg eating the most pork perperson, Americans eating the highest amount of poultry per person andAustralians eating the largest amount of other meat per person Meatconsumption per person is highest in Luxembourg.

In Someland, there are sixteen operations per thousand people, with almosthalf of these (7.5/1000) being non-invasive skin and hair operations.Invasive face and hair operations (3.5/1000) and fat operations (3/1000) arethe next most common Invasive skin operations (1.5/1000) are lesscommon, as are other body operations (0.5/1000)

In Anyland, there are fourteen operations per thousand people and, again,almost half (6.5/1000) are non-invasive skin and hair operations Invasiveface and hair operations and invasive skin operations are the next mostcommon (2.5/1000) with fat operations (2/1000) slightly less common.Other body operations are as common as in Someland (0.5/1000).

To sum up, we can see that plastic surgery is relatively more common inSomeland than in Anyland The pattern of operation types is quite similar,with the main difference being that fat operations are relatively morecommon in Someland and invasive skin operations more so in Anyland

had cut their top income tax rates to 66% and Britain had also cut its toprate to 40% In 2000, we can see that Sweden had reduced its top incomerate again, this time to 55%, but Japan had cut its top rate even further, to50% Meanwhile the top income tax rate in Britain remained at 40% By

2010, Sweden had increased its top rate slightly to 57% Japan had kept itstop rate the same as in 2000 However, Britain had the same top rate asJapan, increasing its top rate from 40% to 50%

To summarise, all three countries cut their top income tax rates over theperiod 1981 to 2010, with Japan making the greatest cuts Both Sweden andBritain had higher top rates in 2010 than in 2000

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24 Diets

The bar chart below shows the contents of 3 diets

Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features,and make comparisons where relevant

The bar chart shows us the percentages of carbohydrates, protein and fat forthree diets – the average diet, a healthy diet, and a sports diet

The average diet is composed of 20% fat and 40% carbohydrates and 40%protein This is quite close to the proportions required for a healthy diet,which comprises 20% fat, 50% carbohydrates and 30% protein Therefore,

to make the average diet into a healthy one, more carbohydrates and less

protein are required A sports diet is quite different to the average diet Itrequires far more carbohydrates (60%) It also requires much less protein(25%) and somewhat less fat (15%).

Overall, we can see that people would need to make great changes to theproportions of carbohydrates, protein and fat in their diets if they wanted tochange from the average diet to a sports diet However, to change from anaverage diet to a healthy one would not require much change in theproportions of those three items

2011 The percentage of families with no car fell significantly over theperiod, from 48% in 1981 to 25% in 2011 At the same time, there was adramatic increase in the percentage of families with two cars, from 7% in

1981 to 27% in 2011 Therefore, in 2011 the percentage of families with nocars was lower than the percentage with two cars.

To summarise, the percentage of families with one car remained fairlystable The percentage of families with more than two cars increased, as didthe percentage of families with two cars, whereas the percentage of familieswith no car fell