Pollution Vocabulary: - radioactive /ˌreɪdiəʊˈæktɪv/ adj: nhiễm phóng xạ Ví dụ: Radioactive pollution is not a pollution of our city.. Ô nhiễm phóng xạ không phải là vấn đề của thành phố
Trang 1REVISION FOR THE 2 ND SEMESTER TEST - GRADE 8 A/ Theory (Unit 7 - Unit 11)
Unit 7 Pollution
Vocabulary:
- radioactive /ˌreɪdiəʊˈæktɪv/ (adj): nhiễm phóng xạ
Ví dụ: Radioactive pollution is not a pollution of our city
(Ô nhiễm phóng xạ không phải là vấn đề của thành phố chúng tôi.)
- herbicide /ˈhɜːbɪsaɪd/ (n): thuốc diệt cỏ
Ví dụ: Herbicide can pollute the groundwater
(Thuốc diệt co có thể gây ô nhiễm nguồn nước ngầm.)
- contaminant /kənˈtæmɪnənt/ (n): chất gây ô nhiễm
Ví dụ: They are trying to remove contaminants from the lake
(Họ đang cố gắng loại bỏ những chất gây ô nhiễm ra khỏi hồ.)
- aquatic /əˈkwætɪk/ (adj): dưới nước
Ví dụ: The aquatic ecosystemis threatened by water pollution.
(Hệ sinh thái dưới nước đang bị đe dọa bởi ô nhiễm nước.)
Ngữ pháp:
Câu điều kiện loại 1 (Conditional Sentences – Type 1)
Chức năng: Diễn tả điều kiện có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai.
Cấu trúc: If + S + V_s/es (+ bổ ngữ), S + will + V_nguyên mẫu (+ bổ ngữ).
Hoặc: S + will + V_nguyên mẫu (+ bổ ngữ) + if + S + V_s/es (+ bổ ngữ)
=> Mệnh đề chứaif dùng thì hiện tại đơn, mệnh đề chính (mệnh đề còn lại) chia tương lai đơn.
Ví dụ:
1 If I have enough money, I will buy a new computer (Nếu tôi có đủ tiền thì tôi sẽ mua một chiếc máy tính mới.)
2 If you work hard, you will make a lot of money (Nếu bạn làm việc chăm chỉ thì bạn sẽ kiếm được nhiều tiền.)
Unit 8 English Speaking Countries
Vocabulary:
- native /ˈneɪtɪv/ (n/adj): bản xứ
Ví dụ: Jim wants to speak English as a native speaker (Jim muốn nói tiếng Anh như người bản xứ.)
- spectacular /spekˈtækjələ(r)/ (adj): hùng vĩ, ngoạn mục
Ví dụ: You can enjoy spectacular scenery from here (Bạn có thể thưởng thức cảnh đẹp hùng vĩ từ đây.)
- accent /ˈæksənt/ (n): giọng điệu
Ví dụ: She has a Southern accent (Cô ấy có giọng miền Nam.)
- diverse /daɪˈvɜːs/ (adj): đa dạng
Ví dụ: In the United States, you can meet people from diverse culture (Ở Mỹ, bạn có thể gặp nhiều người từ các nền văn hóa đa dạng.)
Ngữ pháp:
Trang 2Các thì hiện tại (Present Tenses)
Hiện tại đơn * Với động từ thường:
S + V_s/es + O
* Với động từ tobe:
S + am/is/are + O
Các trạng từ:
every day/week/month/year…
in the morning/afternoon/evening…
always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, rarely, frequently…
Hiện tại tiếp diễn S + am/is/are + V_ing + O now, at the moment, at (the) present, at this
time, right now, now…
Look! ; Listen!
Hiện tại hoàn
thành S + have/has + V_PII + O just, yet, never, ever, already, so far, up tonow, since, for, recently, lately (gần đây),
until now, up to present,…
Unit 9 Natural Disasters
Vocabulary:
- debris /ˈdebriː/ (n): mảnh vỡ
Ví dụ: Be careful of the flying debris in the storm (Hãy cẩn thận với những mảnh vỡ bay trong cơn bão.)
- disaster /dɪˈzɑːstə(r)/ (n): thảm họa
Ví dụ: Thousands of people died in the disaster (Hàng ngàn người đã chết trong thảm họa đó.)
- drought /draʊt/ (n): hạn hán
Ví dụ: We have suffered three years of drought (Chúng tôi vừa trải qua 3 năm hạn hán.)
- accurate /ˈækjərət/ (adj): chính xác
Ví dụ: It is not easy to make accurate weather forecast (Không dễ để dự báo thời tiết chính xác.)
- collapse /kəˈlæps/ (v): sụp đổ
Ví dụ: Many buildings collapsed after the earthquake (Rất nhiều tòa nhà đã sụp đổ sau trận động đất.)
Ngữ pháp:
Câu bị động (Passive Voice)
Hiện tại đơn S + V_s/es
VD: People speak English here
S + am/is/are + V_PII VD: English is spoken here
Hiện tại tiếp diễn S + am/is/are + V_ing
VD: They are building a new house
S + am/is/are + being + V_PII VD: A new house is being built
Hiện tại hoàn thành S + have/ has + V_PII
VD: We have cleaned our car
S + have/has + been + V_PII VD: Our car has been cleaned
Quá khứ đơn S + V_ed/V2
VD: Someone cleaned the room
S + was/were + V_PII VD: The room was cleaned
Trang 3yesterday yesterday.
Quá khứ tiếp diễn S + was/were + V_ing
VD: They were making a cake when I arrived
S + was/were + being + V_PII VD: A cake was being made when I arrived
Tương lai đơn S + will + V_nguyên thể
VD: The government will pass the new law next month
S + will + be + V_PII VD: The new law will be passed next month
Tương lai tiếp diễn S + will be + V_ing
VD: She will be singing a song when the prime minister comes in
S + will be + being + V_PII VD: The song will be being sung when the prime minister comes in
Unit 10 Communication
Vocabulary:
- digital /ˈdɪdʒɪtl/ (adj): kỹ thuật số
VD: Do you have a digital camera? (Bạn có một chiếc máy ảnh kĩ thuật số đúng không?)
- face-to-face (adj): trực diện
VD: They rarely have face-to-face communication with each other (Họ hiếm khi giao tiếp trực tiếp với nhau.)
- instantly /ˈɪnstəntli/ (adv): ngay lập tức
VD: Nowadays, we can send and receive messages instantly via internet (Ngày nay chúng ta có thể gửi và nhận tin nhắn ngay tức khắc qua mạng internet.)
- channel (n): kênh
VD: What’s on Channel 2 tonight? (Có gì ở kênh 2 tối nay?)
- communicate (v): giao tiếp
VD: My foreign friend and I communicate by email (Bạn nước ngoài của tôi và tôi giao tiếp qua thư điện tử.)
- cyber (adj): thuộc về internet
VD: Cyberbullying is a hot issue these days (Bắt nạn qua mạng là một vấn đề nóng hiện nay.)
Ngữ pháp:
Thì tương lai tiếp diễn (Future Continuous)
Cách dùng:
1 Diễn tả hành động sẽ đang diễn ra tại một thời điểm cụ thể trong tương lai
VD: Tonight at 11 p.m., we will be dancing at the party
2 Để hoạch định cho những việc được trông thấy đang xảy ra trong tương lai
VD: You’ll recognize me when you get there I’ll be wearing jeans and a white T-shirt I’ll be sitting at a table at the corner and reading a newspaper
3 Hành động có dự định trước trong tương lai gần
VD: He will be leaving in a few days
Will you be going away this summer?
Unit 11 Science and Technology
Trang 4- archaeology /ˌɑːkiˈɒlədʒi/ (n): khảo cổ học
VD: Josh is interested in archeology (Josh hứng thú với khảo cổ học.)
- discover /dɪˈskʌvə(r)/ (v): khám phá
VD: You will be fascinated to discover the city’s history (Bạn sẽ thấy thích thú khi khám phá lịch sử thành phố này.)
- invent /ɪnˈvent/ (v): phát minh, sáng chế
VD: The light bulb was invented by Thomas Edison (Bóng đèn được phát minh bởi Thomas Edison.)
- patent /ˈpeɪtnt/ (n): bằng sáng chế
VD: He obtained a patent on his new product last year (Anh ấy đã lấy được bằng sáng chế cho sản phẩm mới năm ngoái.)
- precise /prɪˈsaɪs/ (adj): rõ ràng, chính xác
VD: Can you tell me the precise time of the meeting? (Bạn có thể nói cho tôi biết thời gian chính xác của buổi họp được không?)
Ngữ pháp:
Các thì tương lai (Future Tenses)
Tương lai đơn (+) S + will + V_nguyên thể + O
(-) S + won’t + V_nguyên thể + O
(?) Will + S + V_ng.thể + O?
tomorrow, next week/month/year
in the future
in + thời gian trong tương lai
Tương lai tiếp diễn (+) S + will be + V_ing + O
(-) S + won’t be + V_ing + O
(?) Will + S + be + V_ing + O?
at this time tomorrow/next week
at 10 o’clock tomorrow thời gian xác định tại một thời điểm trong tương lai
B/ EXERCISES
Exercise 1 Conditional Type 1: Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form.
1 If we (recycle) more, we will help the Earth
2 Factories (not dump) waste into rivers if the government fine them heavily
3 If people travel to work by bus, there (be) fewer car fumes
4 We (save) thousands of trees if we don’t waste paper
5 If we use water carefully, more people (have) fresh water
6 If the factory (continue) dumping poison into the lake, all the fish and other aquatic animals will die
7 If I (go) out tonight, I will go to the cinema
8 If we don’t see each other tomorrow, we (see) each other next week
9 If we go on holiday this summer, we (go) to Spain
10 He (not/get) _a better job if he doesn’t pass that exam
Exercise 2 Conditional type 2: Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form.
Trang 51 If I were you, I (look) for a new place to live.
2 If Lan wasn’t ill, she (join) out tree planting activity
3 If there were fewer cars on the road, there (be) less pollution
4 If people really cared about the environment, they (not dump) waste into the lake
5 If there was no fresh water in the world, what (happen) ?
6 If you (be) the president, what would you do to help the environment ?
7 They get sick so often If they exercised more, they (be) heathier
8 If I (have) one million US dollars , I would build more parks in our city
9 Quan’s mother is unhappy If Quan tided his room every day, his mother (not be)
so upset
10 There isn’t a garden at house If there were, we (grow) vegetables
Exercise 3 Present tense (simple – continuous – perfect): Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form.
1 He always _ (tell) us funny stories
2 She never _ (help) me with that!
3 Martha and Kevin _ (swim) twice a week
4 In this club people usually _ (dance) a lot
5 Lorie _ (travel) to Paris every Sunday
6 Where's John? He _(listen) to a new CD in his room
7 Don't forget to take your umbrella with you to London You know it always _ (rain) in England
8 Jean _ (work) hard all day but she _(not work) at the moment
9 Look! That boy _ (run) after the bus He _ (want) to catch it
10 Shh! The boss _ (come) We _(meet) him in an hour and nothing is ready!
11 Maria _ (learn) English for two years
12 Linda is a teacher She _ (teach) for ten years
13 Sarah is very tired, she (work) _very hard recently
14 They (not eat) anything all the morning
15 She (go) out since 5 a.m
Exercise 4 Passive voice: Change the following sentences into passive form.
1 My father waters this flower every morning
2 John invited Fiona to his birthday party last night
3 Her mother is preparing the dinner in the kitchen
4 We should clean our teeth twice a day
5 Our teachers have explained the English grammar
6 Some drunk drivers caused the accident in this city
7 Tom will visit his parents next month
8 The manager didn’t phone the secretary this morning
9 Did Mary buy this beautiful dress?
Trang 610 I won’t hang these old pictures in the living room.
11 The German didn’t build this factory during the Second World War
12 The Greens are going to paint this house and these cars for Christmas Day
13 Ann had fed the cats before she went to the cinema
14 The students have discussed the pollution problems since last week
15 Have the thieves stolen the most valuable painting in the national museum?
Exercise 5 Complete these sentences using the future continuous tense.
1 This time next year I (live) in London
2 At 8pm tonight, I (eat) dinner with my family
3 They (run) for about four hours Marathons are incredibly difficult!
4 Unfortunately, I (work) on my essay so I won’t be able to watch the match
5 She (study) at the library tonight
6 (you/wait) at the station when she arrives?
7 I (drink) at the pub while you are taking your exam!
8 (she/visit) her Grandmother again this week?
9 At 3pm today, I (watch) that movie on channel four
10 (they/attend) your concert next Friday? It would be lovely to see them
Exercise 6 Put the verb into the correct form To Infinitive or Gerund
1 When I’m tired, I enjoy TV It’s relaxing (watch)
2 It was a nice day, so we decided for a walk (go)
3 It’s a nice day Does anyone fancy for a walk? (go)
4 I’m not in a hurry I don’t mind (wait)
5 They don’t have much money They can’t afford out very often (go)
6 I wish that dog would stop It’s driving me mad (bark)
7 Our neighbour threatened the police if we didn’t stop the noise (call)
8 We were hungry, so I suggested _ dinner early (have)
9 Hurry up! I don’t want to risk the rain (miss)
10 I’m still looking for a job, but I hope something soon (find)
Exercise 7 Put the verb into the correct form of simple future tense.
1 When we get home, we _ (have) dinner
2 I know they _ (feel) very happy if they win the match
3 They’ve already decided on their next summer holiday They (do) a tour of Norway
4 She thinks that the Take That concert (be) really exciting
5 “What are your plans for this evening?” I (meet) my friends and then go to a birthday party
6 If you revise for the exam , I’m sure you (get) a good result
7 The weather forecast is good for the next few days It _ (be) very sunny
8 I can’t come on the march tomorrow I _ (look after) my cousins
9 In the future, I think humans _ (wipe out) many different species
Trang 710 He is buying some butter and eggs because he _ (make) a cake later.
Exercise 8 Reported statements: Rewrite the following statements into reported speech.
1 Lena said, “I will invite you to my birthday party.” _
2 The doctor said, “Your aunt doesn’t need an operation.” _
3 Helen said, “I can speak Spanish fluently.” _
4 Selena said, "I'm watching the late-night show." _
5 Mr Cooper said, "I take my medicine regularly." _
6 John said , "I am going to work for a new company next month." _
7 Mary said, "I have just come back from Europe." _
8 "I am waiting at the bus stop number ten," he told me
9 "I will resign today," the minister announced this morning _
10 “Jane may move to a new flat”, Rachel said