Tài liệu Actionscript 3.0 bible 2nd edition docx

Special thanks go out to my friend Corey Lucier at Adobe, who was kind enough to answer a fewquestions about the internal workings of Flash Player or forward them on to Flash Player engi

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an independent development and design shop in Brooklyn, NY Roger is an author of the first edition

of ActionScript 3.0 Bible, and a short e-book, Introduction to Flex 2 Roger builds games, mobile apps,

interactive art, tools, web apps, and websites using any technology he can wrap his head around Injust the past two years he’s built stuff for LEGO, MoMA, Tim Burton, Antony and the Johnsons, AOL,HBO, Puma, General Mills, Sport Chalet, Pepsi, Coke, OMGPOP, the French Culinary Institute, andmore Additionally, he keeps busy with a series of independent projects When not in front of a com-puter, Roger enjoys normal human activities such as biking, cooking, reading, traveling, taking photos,roller-skating, and dancing to music made on GameBoys He is perpetually too preoccupied to putanything interesting on his sitehttp://partlyhuman.com/, but you can use it to get in touchwith him

My most heartfelt thanks go to my project editor Brian MacDonald, and my acquisitions editorScott Meyers, who were nothing short of bodacious to work with When I think of how many times Ipushed for some new, unconventional feature or change to the established Bible series, and then look

at this book and see all of my ideas in print, I know it’s Brian and Scott who have somehow donetheir magic, convinced the right people, and made it happen Thank you

Perhaps every author forms a good relationship with his project editor just because he’s the personwho’s there from the first day of writing through the last, exhausted round of edits But I think BrianMacDonald is exceptional I’ve never worked with an editor half as good He had the right solutionfor every problem He was behind me and my ideas through thick and thin His edits were alwaysspot-on He was always available, always funny, and he even got my nerdy jokes Trust me, if you’rewriting a programming book, bribe whoever you need to hire Brian

I can’t talk about my team without mentioning the exhaustive copy editing done by Karen Gill Shekept tabs on all my writing, cut down my useless tiresome redundant logorrhea, and made this bookless of a slog to get through Trust me, you owe her one I have the feeling her job is a little thankless,but I do thank her

Caleb Johnston, besides being a good friend, was a terrific technical editor Somehow, with a fullcourse load for his master’s degree, he managed to find the time to review this entire book by him-self (The previous edition, although smaller, had three technical editors!) More than just scrutinizing

it, he made detailed and thoughtful criticisms, with as much ruthlessness as I demanded of him Hefound some quirky errors, and because he found them, you won’t have to

Special thanks go out to my friend Corey Lucier at Adobe, who was kind enough to answer a fewquestions about the internal workings of Flash Player or forward them on to Flash Player engineers.Their additions helped me be even more accurate in this book, and Corey’s help was invaluable.Special thanks also go to Whitney Gardner, who made two sublime illustrations for this book when Iwas at my wit’s end

Thanks to the U.S economy for making my day job so unprofitable it made sense to sit in myroom and write for nine months Thanks to coffee: you complete me Thanks to my crazy SafeTypekeyboard, which saved me from crippling arm pain Thanks to my friends for, I dunno, whatever,

I like you

Last but not least, thanks and lotsa lotsa love to my parents

Chapter 1: Introducing ActionScript 3.0 3

Chapter 2: ActionScript 3.0 Language Basics 15

Chapter 3: Functions and Methods 39

Chapter 4: Object Oriented Programming 51

Chapter 5: Validating Your Program 103

Part II: Core ActionScript 3.0 Data Types 111

Chapter 6: Text, Strings, and Characters 113

Chapter 7: Numbers, Math, and Dates 125

Chapter 8: Arrays 145

Chapter 9: Vectors 167

Chapter 10: Objects and Dictionaries 181

Chapter 11: XML and E4X 191

Chapter 12: Regular Expressions 225

Chapter 13: Binary Data and ByteArrays 257

Part III: The Display List 271

Chapter 14: Visual Programming with the Display List 273

Chapter 15: Working in Three Dimensions 301

Chapter 16: Working with DisplayObjects in Flash Professional 321

Chapter 17: Text, Styles, and Fonts 329

Chapter 18: Advanced Text Layout 367

Chapter 19: Printing 399

Part IV: Event-Driven Programming 407

Chapter 20: Events and the Event Flow 409

Chapter 21: Interactivity with the Mouse and Keyboard 429

Chapter 22: Timers and Time-Driven Programming 461

Chapter 23: Multitouch and Accelerometer Input 473

Part V: Error Handling 489

Chapter 24: Errors and Exceptions 491

Chapter 25: Using the AVM2 Debugger 505

Chapter 26: Making Your Application Fault-Tolerant 523

Part VI: External Data 531

Chapter 27: Networking Basics and Flash Player Security 533

Chapter 28: Communicating with Remote Services 561

Chapter 29: Storing and Sending Data with SharedObject 571

Chapter 30: File Access 589

Part VII: Sound and Video 603

Chapter 31: Playing and Generating Sound 605

Chapter 32: Playing Video 625

Chapter 33: Capturing Sound and Video 643

Part VIII: Graphics Programming and Animation 655

Chapter 34: Geometric and Color Transformations 657

Chapter 35: Programming Vector Graphics 687

Chapter 36: Programming Bitmap Graphics 733

Chapter 37: Applying Filters 769

Chapter 38: Writing Shaders with Pixel Bender 803

Chapter 39: Scripting Animation 835

Chapter 40: Advanced 3D 855

Part IX: Flash in Context 877

Chapter 41: Globalization, Accessibility, and Color Correction 879

Chapter 42: Deploying Flash on the Web 897

Chapter 43: Interfacing with JavaScript 905

Chapter 44: Local Connections between Flash Applications 911

Index 921

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Chapter 1: Introducing ActionScript 3.0 3

What Is ActionScript 3.0? 3

Exploring the Flash Platform 4

A Programmer’s Perspective 5

Language 5

API 6

Libraries 7

Compilers, Tools, and IDEs 7

SWFs 8

Flex 9

In Short 9

A User’s Perspective 9

Runtimes 9

Platforms and Platform Independence 10

The Flash Player Zoo 10

In Short 11

From ActionScript 2.0 to ActionScript 3.0 11

Display List 11

Runtime Errors 12

Runtime Data Types 12

Method Closures 12

Intrinsic Event Model 12

Regular Expressions 12

E4X 12

Summary 13

Chapter 2: ActionScript 3.0 Language Basics 15

The Bare Essentials 15

Using Variables 17

Anatomy of a Variable Declaration 17

Constants in This Changing World 18

Taking It Literally 18

Commenting Your Code 20

Types of Comments 20

Single-Line Comment 20

Block Comments 20

XML Comments 20

Javadoc Comments 21

When to Use Comments 21

Self-Commenting Code 21

Introducing Scope 22

Introducing the Data Types 23

Declaring Types 23

Using Untyped Variables 23

Connecting You to an Operator 23

Unary vs Binary Operators 24

Order of Operations 24

Some Commonly Used Operators 24

Assignment (=) 24

Arithmetic (+, –, *, /) 24

Modulo (%) 25

Increment (++) and Decrement (– –) 25

Compound Assignment Operators (+ =, − =, *=, /=, and % =) 25

Comma Operator (,) 26

Making Logical Choices with Conditionals 26

if Statements 26

Equality (= =) 27

Testing Other Comparisons 27

Greater Than (>) and Less Than (<) 28

Not Equal to (!=) 28

And (&&) and Or (||) Operators 28

Checking for Null Values 29

if else 30

switch 30

The Conditional Operator 31

Repeating Actions Using Loops 33

Using for Loops 33

Using for in and for each in 34

for in 34

for each in 34

Using while and do while 35

while 35

do while 36

Battle of the Loop Structures: for vs while 37

Avoiding Infinite Loops 37

Using break and continue 37

continue 37

break 37

Summary 38

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Chapter 3: Functions and Methods 39

Calling Functions 39

Creating Custom Functions 40

Defining a Function 40

Passing Arguments to Your Function 41

Passing by Reference or by Value 41

Setting Default Values 43

Using the Rest Parameter ( ) 43

Returning Results 44

Returning a Value Using a return Statement 45

Defining a Return Type for Your Function 46

Returning Void 46

Anonymous Functions 46

Functions as Objects 47

Recursive Functions 48

Summary 50

Chapter 4: Object Oriented Programming 51

Understanding Classes 51

Classes Can Model the Real World 51

Classes Contain Data and Operations 52

Classes Separate Responsibilities 52

Classes Are Types 52

Classes Contain Your Program 53

Object Oriented Terminology 53

Object 53

Class 54

Instance 54

Type 54

Encapsulation: Classes Are Like, So Selfish 55

The Black Box Principle 55

Encapsulation and Polymorphism 56

Packages: Classes, Functions, and Packing Peanuts 56

Class Uniqueness and Namespaces 56

Hierarchy 57

Controlling Visibility 58

Code Allowed in Packages 58

Using Code from Packages 59

Using Inheritance 61

Structuring Code with Inheritance 64

Inheritance, Types, Polymorphism, and You 66

Inheritance vs Composition 67

Preventing Inheritance 69

Access Control Attributes 70

Public and Private 71

Protected 73

Internal 74

Custom Access Control with Namespaces 75

Methods and Constructors 77

Properties 78

Accessors 79

Avoid Side Effects 81

Self-Referential Code 82

Using Static Methods and Properties 83

Static Variables 84

Static Constants 85

Enumerations 87

Static Methods 87

Overriding Behavior 89

Accessing the Superclass 90

Designing Interfaces 92

Manipulating Types 96

Type Compatibility and Coercion 97

Explicit Type Conversion 98

Determining Types 100

Creating Dynamic Classes 100

Summary 101

Chapter 5: Validating Your Program 103

Introducing Errors 103

Compile-Time Errors vs Runtime Errors 104

Compile-Time Errors 104

Runtime Errors 104

Warnings 104

Getting Feedback from Flash Professional and Flash Builder 104

Debugging in Flash Professional 104

Debugging in Flash Builder 106

Fixing Errors 108

Summary 110

Part II: Core ActionScript 3.0 Data Types 111 Chapter 6: Text, Strings, and Characters 113

Working with String Literals 113

Using Escaped Characters 114

Converting to and from Strings 115

Using toString() 115

Casting and Converting to Strings 116

Converting Strings into Other Types 116

Converting Strings to Numbers 116

Converting Strings to Arrays 117

Combining Strings 118

Converting the Case of a String 118

Using the Individual Characters in a String 119

Getting the Number of Characters in a String 119

Getting a Particular Character 120

Converting a Character to a Character Code 120

Searching within a String 120

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Searching by Substring 120

Searching with Regular Expressions 121

String Dissection 122

String Encoding and International Text 123

Summary 123

Chapter 7: Numbers, Math, and Dates 125

Understanding Numeric Types 125

Sets of Numbers 125

Representing Numbers 126

Digital Representations of Numbers 126

Unsigned Integers 126

Signed Integers 127

Floating-Point Numbers 127

Using Numbers in ActionScript 128

Number 128

int 129

uint 129

Literals 130

Edge Cases 130

Not a Number 131

Infinity 131

Minimum and Maximum Values 131

Manipulating Numbers 132

Numeric Conversions 132

String Conversions 132

Performing Arithmetic 133

Performing Trigonometric Calculations 135

Generating Randomness 137

Manipulating Dates and Times 138

Creating a Date 138

Epoch Time 139

Time zones 140

Accessing and Modifying a Date 141

Date Arithmetic 142

Execution Time 142

Formatting a Date 143

Summary 144

Chapter 8: Arrays 145

Array Basics 145

Using the Array Constructor 145

Creating an Array by Using an Array Literal 147

Referencing Values in an Array 147

Finding the Number of Items in an Array 148

Converting Arrays to Strings 148

Adding and Removing Items from an Array 149

Appending Values to the End of Your Array with concat() 149

Applying Stack Operations push() and pop() 150

Applying Queue Operations shift() and unshift() 151

Slicing, Splicing, and Dicing 152

Inserting and Removing Values with splice() 152

Working with a Subset of your Array with slice() 152

Iterating through the Items in an Array 153

Using a for Loop 153

Using for each in 154

Using the forEach() Method 154

Searching for Elements 155

Reordering Your Array 155

Using Sorting Functions 156

Flipping the Order of Your Array Using Reverse() 159

Applying Actions to All Elements of an Array 159

Conditional Processing with every(), some(), and filter() 159

Getting Results with the map() Method 162

Alternatives to Arrays 162

Associative Arrays 162

Multidimensional Arrays 163

Amazing Properties of Arrays 165

Summary 165

Chapter 9: Vectors 167

Vector Basics 167

Why Do We Need Another Datatype? 168

Array: More Functionality Than You Require 169

Vectors: Arrays with Benefits 170

Fixed-Size Vectors 172

Generics and Parameterized Types 173

Vector as a Generic 173

No Generics for You 174

Generic Methods of Vector 176

Creating and Converting Vectors 178

Vector literals 179

Converting Types of Vectors 179

Converting a Vector into an Array 180

Summary 180

Chapter 10: Objects and Dictionaries 181

Working with Objects 181

Dynamic Classes 181

Creating Objects 182

Accessing Object Properties 182

toString() 183

Using Objects and Dictionaries as Associative Arrays 183

Comparing Arrays, Objects, and Dictionaries 184

Testing for Existence 186

Removing Properties 187

Iterating 188

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Using Objects for Named Arguments 188

Using Objects as Nested Data 189

XML as Objects 189

JSON 190

Summary 190

Chapter 11: XML and E4X 191

Getting Started with XML in ActionScript 191

XML References 191

E4X References 192

XML Literals 192

A Brief Introduction to E4X Operators and Syntax 194

Legacy XML Handling 195

Querying XML 196

The Child Axis 196

The Wildcard Operator 197

Indexed Elements 197

The Attribute Axis 198

The Text Axis 199

The Descendant Axis 200

The Parent Axis 201

Custom Filter Axes 201

Quick Reference 203

Modifying XML 203

Inserting Nodes 203

Inserting with E4X Operators 204

Inserting with E4X Methods 206

Removing Nodes and Attributes 207

Duplicating XML 208

Replacing Nodes 209

Converting to and from Strings 209

Converting Strings to XML 210

Converting XML to Strings 210

Printing Pretty 211

Setting the Number of Spaces per Indentation 211

Normalizing Text Nodes 212

Loading XML Data from External Sources 212

Gathering Meta-Information about XML Nodes 213

Finding Node Types 213

Determining the Type of Content in a Node 214

Using Namespaces 215

Creating XML Namespaces in ActionScript 216

Using the Namespace Class 216

Using the Namespace Keyword 217

Making Namespaces Available 217

Querying Namespaced XML Nodes 217Opening Namespaces 218Using the Scope Resolution Operator 219Setting the Default XML Namespace 220Querying XML for Namespaces 221Additional Namespace Operations 222Setting XML Options 223Summary 223

Chapter 12: Regular Expressions 225

Introducing Regular Expressions 225Writing a Regular Expression 226Applying Regular Expressions 226String Methods and RegExp Methods 226Testing 227Locating 228Identifying 229Extracting 231Replacing 233Splitting 235Constructing Expressions 235Normal Characters 236Dot Character 236Escaped Characters 236Metacharacters and Metasequences Demystified 237Character Classes 238Quantifiers 239Anchors and Boundaries 240Alternation 242Groups 242Regular Expression Flags 243Global 243Ignore Case 244Multiline 244Dotall 245Extended 246Constructing Advanced Expressions 246Greedy and Lazy Matching 247Backreferences 248Lookahead and Noncapturing Groups 249Noncapturing Groups 249Positive Lookahead Groups 249Negative Lookahead Groups 250Named Groups 250International Concerns 252Using the RegExp Class 252Building Dynamic Expressions with String Operations 252RegExp Public Properties 253Summary 253

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Chapter 13: Binary Data and ByteArrays 257

Binary Concepts 257Bit Math and Operators 260Basic Arithmetic 260Bit Shifting 260Bitwise Logic 262Binary Types in ActionScript 263Using ByteArray 265Creating a ByteArray 265Writing Data 265Reading Data 265Compressing and Decompressing 266Common Uses of ByteArrays 266Loading Images 266Copying Objects 267Summary 268

Chapter 14: Visual Programming with the Display List 273

Introducing Display Lists and Display Objects 273Structure of the Display List 274Coordinate Spaces 274Manipulating the Display List 276Creating a New Display Object 276Adding an Object to a Display List 277Removing an Object from a Display List 278Re-sorting Depths 278Reparenting Display Objects 279Examining Display Lists 279Display Object Classes 280DisplayObject 280InteractiveObject 283DisplayObjectContainer 283Shape 284Bitmap 284Video 284AVM1Movie 284SimpleButton 284TextField 285Sprite 285MovieClip 285Loader 286Stage 286Resizing 286Changing SWF Properties 286Going Full-Screen 287

Device Orientation 288Event Source and Focus Manager 289Color Correction 289Geometry Classes 289Point 289Rectangle 290Putting the Display List to Use 292Drag-and-Drop, Hit Testing 292Nesting and Cumulative Transformations 294Full-Screen and Stage Resizing 295Rendering and Performance 297Stage Size and Dirty Rectangles 297Number of Display Objects 297Alpha, Blend Modes, Masking, and Filters 297Text 298Bitmaps, Vectors, and Bitmap Caching 298More on Rendering 299Summary 299

Chapter 15: Working in Three Dimensions 301

Introducing 3D in ActionScript 3.0 301The 3D Coordinate System 3033D in Flash Professional 304Limitations of 3D Display Objects 304Display Objects are Flat 305

A Viewport Isn’t a Camera 305Depths Are Managed by the DisplayObjectContainer 305Other Missing Stuff 305DisplayObject Revisited 306Geometry Revisited 309Mouse and Point Translation in 3D 311Translating Points in Code 312Modifying the Projection 314Software 3D Libraries 318Summary 319

Chapter 16: Working with DisplayObjects in Flash Professional 321

The Stage, Symbols, and the Library 321Creating Symbols 322Named Instances 323Nested Instances 324Associating Symbols to Classes 324Writing an Associated Class 326Nongraphic Symbol Types 326Exporting and Using Assets 327Using Assets from a SWC 327Using Assets from a SWF 327Summary 328

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Chapter 17: Text, Styles, and Fonts 329

Introducing TextFields 329Creating a New TextField 330Adding and Replacing Text 330Setting a TextField’s Size 330Setting a TextField’s Scaling and Rotation 332Wrapping Text 332Preventing User Selection 333Displaying Multilingual Text and Symbols 334Text with HTML and CSS 334HTML Support in TextField 334

Adding Images or SWF Files to a TextField with <img> 335

Supported CSS Properties 336The StyleSheet Object and CSS Parsing 337Background and Border Treatments 339Styling Text with TextFormats 339align 341blockIndent 341bold 341bullet 341color 341font 342indent 342italic 342leading 342letterSpacing 342leftMargin 342rightMargin 343size 343tabStops 343target 343underline 343url 344Input TextFields 344The Three Kinds of Text Fields 344Making a TextField an Input Field 345Restricting User Input 345Tab-Accessible Input Text Fields 347Password Text Fields 347Interaction with TextField Events 347focusIn and focusOut Events 347Text Input Events 349Link Events 352Scroll Events 354Interactive Typography 354Text by Lines and Paragraphs 354Finding Text by Location 356

Locating and Measuring Text 356Scrolling Text 358Fonts 360Device Fonts and Embedded Fonts 360Managing Active Fonts and the Font Object 362Embedding Fonts 362Flash Builder, Flex Builder, Flex SDK, mxmlc 362Flash Professional 363Loading Fonts Dynamically 364Using Embedded Fonts 364Anti-aliasing 365Fitting Edges to a Grid 366Sharpness and Thickness 366Summary 366

Chapter 18: Advanced Text Layout 367

Understanding Advanced Text Controls 367Advanced Text Controls in Development Tools 369Why There Are Two Engines 369Where to Go from Here 369The Flash Text Engine 370The Text Layout Framework 372Storing Content and Formatting with Models 373Laying Out Text with Controllers 375Simple Composition with TextLine Factories 375Linked Container Composition with ContainerControllers and

FlowComposers 378Text Layout Markup 381Setting Up TLF Markup 382TLF Tags 383Importing and Exporting Markup 384Available Formatting Options 386Editing Features 386Undo and Redo History 388Programmatic Editing 389Clipboard 389Events 393Flow and Container Configuration 394

A TextField Adapter Class 394Fonts Revisited 394Embedding CFF Fonts 395Using Flash Professional 395Using the Embed Tag 396Font Lookup 397Summary 397

Chapter 19: Printing 399

Why Print from Flash? 399Controlling Printer Output from Flash 400

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Introducing the PrintJob Class 400Starting a Print Request 400Determining the Print Target and Its Formatting Options 401Printing Targets as Vectors 402Printing Targets as Bitmaps 402Scaling Screen Dimensions to Print Dimensions 403Potential Issues with the Flash-Printed Output 403Adding Print Functionality to Applications 403Summary 406

Chapter 20: Events and the Event Flow 409

Introducing Events 409Saturday Morning Events 410Event Terminology 411Event 411Type 411Target 412Dispatcher 412Listener 412Handler 412Flow 412Phase 412The EventDispatcher Class 413Using EventDispatcher 413Using EventDispatcher by Composition 417Working with Event Objects 418Adding and Removing Event Listeners 419The Event Flow 421The Phases of Event Flow 422Capture Phase 423Target Phase 423Bubble Phase 423Event Flow in Action 424Preventing Default Behaviors 426Summary 427

Chapter 21: Interactivity with the Mouse and Keyboard 429

Mouse and Keyboard Event Handling 429Finding the Target 430Bubbling and Nested Clips 431Listening for All Events 432Mouse Interactions 432Clicking 433Button Mode and the Hand Cursor 434

Complex Clicking 435Keyboard Modifiers 436Double-Clicking 436Rollovers 437Dragging 440Position Tracking and Cursors 442Blocking all Mouse Input 445Mouse Wheel 447Keyboard Interactions 447Interpreting Keypresses 447Modifier Keys 450Related Events 450IMEs 450Focus 451Finding or Setting the Current Focus 451Focus Events 453Tabbing 454Focus Rectangle 455Context Menus 455Creating and Setting a Context Menu 455Customizing Default Items 456Adding Custom Items 456Summary 459

Chapter 22: Timers and Time-Driven Programming 461

Timer Basics 461Creating a Timer 462Listening for Timer Events 462Starting, Stopping, and Resetting the Timer 463Handling Timer Events 464Delaying the Execution of a Function 466Creating a World Clock 467Enterframe Events 469Other Time-Related Functions 469getTimer() 469setTimeout() 470setInterval() 470clearInterval() 470Aside: Threads 470Summary 471

Chapter 23: Multitouch and Accelerometer Input 473

Planning for Your Audience 473Using Multitouch 474Touch Mode 476Event Object Properties Shared by MouseEvent 477Event Object Properties Unique to TouchEvent 477Putting It Together 478Gesture Mode 480Special Properties of PressAndTapGestureEvent 480

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Special Properties of TransformGestureEvent 482Putting It Together 482Touch-Related Methods 484Using the Accelerometer 485Other Sensors 486Summary 486

Chapter 24: Errors and Exceptions 491

Comparing Ways to Fail 491Understanding Exceptions 492Throwing Exceptions 492Catching Exceptions with Try and Catch 493The Exception Flow 494Uncaught Exceptions 497The Finally Clause 497Rethrowing Exceptions 498Errors Generated by Flash Player 499Custom Exceptions 501Handling Asynchronous Errors 502Capturing Unhandled Events 503Summary 504

Chapter 25: Using the AVM2 Debugger 505

Introducing Debugging 505Launching the Debugger 506Starting and Stopping the Flash Professional Debugger 506Starting and Stopping the Flash Builder Debugger 508Debuggers Compared 509Taking Control of Execution 510Stopping at an Uncaught Exception 510Stopping at a Breakpoint 511Stopping on Demand 513Pulling Back the Curtain 513Interpreting the Variables Panel 513Flash Builder Variables Panel and Watches 515Navigating through Code 515Continue 515The Call Stack 516Step Into 517Step Over 518Step Out 518Debugging a Simple Example 518Using the Debugger Effectively 520Summary 521

Chapter 26: Making Your Application Fault-Tolerant 523

Developing a Strategy 523Determining What Errors to Handle 524

Categorizing Failures 525Logging Errors 526Messaging the User 527Degrading Styles: An Example 528Summary 530

Chapter 27: Networking Basics and Flash Player Security 533

HTTP in Brief 533Introducing URLRequest 536Navigating to a Web Page 536Loader 537Graphics File Formats 538Accessing Information about the Loading Process 538LoaderInfo versus ContentLoaderInfo 539Loading Events 540The LoaderInfo Class 540Getting Loaded Content 543Loading External SWFs 545Instantiating Classes from External SWFs 545Interacting with Loaded SWFs 548Loading AVM1 SWFs 548Using Loader to Interpret Files in Memory 549URLLoader 549Loading a File 550Loading and Canceling 550Tracking Load Progress 550Loading Different Formats 551Loading XML 551Loading CSS 552Loading a Binary File 553Loading URL-Encoded Variables 553Sending Variables with URLRequest 555Request and Response with URLLoader 556Request Only with sendToUrl() 557Understanding Flash Player Security 557Summary 559

Chapter 28: Communicating with Remote Services 561

Web Services Using HTTP 562REST 563SOAP 563XML- RPC 565

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Socket Services 565XML Socket Services 567Flash Remoting 568NetConnection 569Responder 570Summary 570

Chapter 29: Storing and Sending Data with SharedObject 571

Comparing Approaches to Persistent Storage 571Storing Information in a Local Shared Object 571Storing Information in Local Files 572Storing Information on a Server 572Storing Information in the Browser 572Identifying Useful Situations for Shared Objects 573Shared Objects and Remoting 574Using SharedObjects 574Retrieving a SharedObject 574Reading from and Writing to a SharedObject 575Deleting Information from a SharedObject 576Saving Information 576Sharing Information between SWFs 576Requiring a Secure Connection 578Sharing with ActionScript 1.0 and 2.0 SWFs 579Working with Size Constraints 579User Settings 579User Requests 580Asking for Space before It’s Too Late 581Asking for Space Up front 581Using flush() 582Viewing Used Space 583Storing Custom Classes 583Storing Custom Classes without Modification 583Creating Self-Serializing Classes 585Summary 587

Chapter 30: File Access 589

Abilities of the File API 589Introducing FileReference 589Choosing a File 590Determining When a File Is Selected 591Retrieving File Properties 592Uploading a File 593Adding Upload Handling to a Server 593Downloading a File to Disk 596Loading a File into Memory 598Saving Data to Disk 599Summary 602

Part VII: Sound and Video 603

Chapter 31: Playing and Generating Sound 605

An Overview of the Sound System 605Prepping and Playing Sound Objects 607Loading a Sound from an External File or URL 607Buffering a Streaming Sound 608Embedding Sounds in a SWF 608Embedding Sound with Flash Professional 609Embedding Sound with Flash Builder 610Accessing Embedded Sounds 611Controlling Sound Playback 611Playing and Stopping 611Seeking and Looping 613Fast-Forwarding, Rewinding, Pausing, and Restarting

a Sound 613Applying Sound Transformations 615Working with a Sound’s Metadata 616Checking Load Progress 616Getting a Song’s ID3 Data 616Sampling Audio 617Extracting Audio 621Synthesizing Audio 621Detecting Audio Capabilities 623Summary 623

Chapter 32: Playing Video 625

Video and the Flash Platform 625Video Sources 625Embedded 626Video Files and Streams 626Webcam 626Codecs and Container Formats 626Metainformation 628Metadata 628Cue Points 628Subtitles and Closed Captioning 628Delivery Methods 628Local, Progressive Download 629Streaming 629Delivery Networks 630Encoding 631Adobe Media Encoder 631Exporting from Applications 632Video Encoding Services 632Playback 632

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Video Acceleration 632Video Players 632Open Source Media Framework 633Implementing a Video Player 634Video 634NetConnection 634NetStream 635Putting It All Together 638Summary 641

Chapter 33: Capturing Sound and Video 643

Video Input Using a Camera 643Retrieving a Camera Object 643Viewing Video from a Camera 644Tweaking Camera Settings 646Detecting Camera Activity 647Capturing and Analyzing Camera Data 647Sound Input Using a Microphone 648Retrieving a Microphone Object 648Playing Back Microphone Input 648Tweaking Microphone Settings 648Sound Recording Settings 649Sound Compression Settings 650Detecting Microphone Activity 651Overall Activity 651Voice Activity 652Capturing and Analyzing Microphone Data 652Flash Media Servers 653Summary 654

Chapter 34: Geometric and Color Transformations 657

DisplayObject and the Transform Object 6572D Affine Transformations 658Matrices and Coordinates 659Kinds of Affine Transform and Their Matrices 661The Identity Matrix 661Translation 661Scale 661Rotation 661Skew 662The Matrix Class 663Transform Methods 663Utility Methods 664

Order of Application 664Applying Transformation Matrices 665Color Transforms 666Color Fills 666Color Transformation Math 667Resetting and Combining Color Transforms 668Applying Color Transformations 6683D Transformations 670Basic 3D Concepts Review 670Coordinate System 670Points 671Vectors 672Matrices 673Orientation 6743D Affine Transformations 674Projection Transformations 6753D Transformations in ActionScript 677Vector3D 678Matrix3D 681Summary 686

Chapter 35: Programming Vector Graphics 687

Overview 687Drawing Basics 689Moving the Pen 689Straight Line Segments 690Curved Line Segments 694Filling a Path 698Clearing Graphics 700Setting Drawing Styles 700Solid Colors 700Gradients 706Bitmaps 710Shaders 712Drawing Primitives 714Rectangles and Squares 714Circles and Ellipses 715Rounded Rectangles 715Example: A Drawing Application 716Batched Drawing 721Drawing a Path 721Finally, the Method 723Winding 723Example: Drawing a Glyph 724Storing a Path in a Command 726Batching Generic Drawing Commands 728Copying and Pasting Drawings 7303D Drawing 731Summary 731

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Chapter 36: Programming Bitmap Graphics 733

Bitmaps and Their Applications 733Creating and Displaying Bitmaps 735Creating Empty BitmapData Instances 735Creating Instances of Embedded Assets 736Displaying Bitmaps 736Displaying Bitmaps 736Bitmap Quality 737Disposing Bitmap Data 737Capturing and Copying Bitmaps 737Copying from Display Objects 737Copying from BitmapData Objects 740Drawing from Another Bitmap 740Cloning a BitmapData Object 741Copying Pixels 742Copying Channels 743Merging BitmapData Images 745Pixel-Level Access 746Accessing Single Pixels 747Accessing Bitmap Data in Memory 748Using ByteArray 749Using Vector 750Working with Colors 751Replacing a Color with a Flood Fill 751Color Transforms 752Retrieving a Histogram 753Replacing Colors with Threshold 755Remapping Colors with Palette Mapping 757Detecting Areas of a Solid Color 759Bitmap Effects 761Applying Filters 761Scrolling a Bitmap 762Using Pixel Dissolves 762Making Noise 762Random Noise 762Perlin Noise 764Summary 766

Chapter 37: Applying Filters 769

Introducing Filters 769Applying Filters to Display Objects 770Multiple Filters 771Blurs 771Drop Shadows 773Bevels 775Gradient Bevels 777Glows 779Gradient Glows 783Color Effects 784

Brightness 785Tint 786Negative 788Contrast 789Convert to Grayscale 790Saturation 792Convolution Filters 793Displacement Maps 797Shaders 801Summary 802

Chapter 38: Writing Shaders with Pixel Bender 803

Introducing Pixel Bender 803The Case for Pixel Shaders 804Thinking Like a Pixel Shader 805Integrating Pixel Bender and Flash

Player 807Pixel Bender Kernel Language 808Syntax 808Structure of a Kernel 809Required Metadata 810Member Declarations 810Basic Control Structures 811Types 811Vector Types 812Matrix Types 813Image Types 814Stuff You Don’t Get 814Functions 814Interfacing with Pixel Bender Kernels 817Loading the Bytecode 817Running a Kernel in ActionScript 818Manipulating a Kernel 819

A Basic Shader in ActionScript 820

An Effect Shader in ActionScript 821Bending Other Data 826Preparing Data for Pixel Bender 826BitmapData 827Vector 827ByteArray 828Accessing Data in the Kernel 828Executing and Monitoring ShaderJobs 828The Double-Shader Experiment 829Summary 834

Chapter 39: Scripting Animation 835

Understanding Flash Player and Animation 835Frame rate 835Flash Player operation 836

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Animating with Code 837Animating by Time 837Animating by Frames 839Animation and Speed 839Animating Using Flash Professional 841Review: Tweens, Keyframes, and Easing 842Introducing Motion XML 842The Motion Object 844The Source Object 845The Keyframe Object 846The Color Object 847Filter Objects 848The ITween Objects 848Using the Flash Motion Package 850Animating Using Flex 852Choosing a Third-Party Animation Toolkit 852Summary 853

Chapter 40: Advanced 3D 855

Game Plan 856Projecting Batches of Points 856Triangle Strips 861Backface Culling 864Texture Mapping 865Z-Sorting, Shading, and Further Topics 870Polygon Z-Sorting 871Shading and Lighting Introduced 873Normal Maps 874Shading with a Normal Map 874Summary 875

Chapter 41: Globalization, Accessibility, and Color Correction 879

Globalization and Localization 879Identifying Locale 880Using the Default that the Operating System Provides 881Based on Location 881Based on the Browser 881Based on the Browser’s Configuration 882Just Ask 883

An Example 883Getting the Closest Match 885Formatting Numbers 885Formatting Dates 886Formatting Currency 888

Localized String Comparison 889Localized Capitalization 891Error Handling 892Accessibility 892Color Correction 893Summary 895

Chapter 42: Deploying Flash on the Web 897

Embedding Flash in a Page 897Embedding Flash Using SWFObject 898Enabling Flash Player Options 900Transparent Flash 900Hardware Acceleration 901Full-Screen Flash 901Passing Variables to a SWF 902Automatically Upgrading Flash Player 903Summary 904

Chapter 43: Interfacing with JavaScript 905

Using ExternalInterface 905Calling JavaScript Functions from Flash 906Calling ActionScript Functions from JavaScript 907JavaScript Interaction and Flash Player Security 908Making a Hybrid Application with ExternalInterface 908Summary 910

Chapter 44: Local Connections between Flash Applications 911

Local Connections and Their Uses 911Implementing a Local Connection 912The Sending Application 912Sending Methods to a Receiving Application 912Listening for the Status of Local Method Invocations 913The Receiving Application 914Assigning a Delegate 914Listening to a Named Channel 915Closing the Connection 915Local Connections and the Security Policy 915Specifying the Domain in the Sender 916Removing the Domain from the Channel Name 916Allowing Cross-Domain Local Connections from the Receiving Application 916Example: Following the Mouse 917Summary 919

Index 921

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flash.events

6String

12RegExp

11XML

11XMLList

7Number

7int

7uint

7Date

7Math

8Array

2Boolean

3Function

4Class

9Vector

24Error

DisplayObject

InteractiveObject

DisplayObjectContainer

35Shape

35Graphics

36BitmapData

38Shader

38ShaderJob

38ShaderInput

38ShaderParameter

27LoaderInfo

14SimpleButton

14Sprite

14MovieClip

14

27AVM1Movie

36Bitmap

20Event

20ErrorEvent

20EventDispatcher

21MouseEvent

21FocusEvent

21ContextMenuEvent

27IOErrorEvent SecurityErrorEvent27 UncaughtErrorEvent24

22TimerEvent

14FullScreenEvent

23TouchEvent

23GestureEvent

23AccelerometerEvent

33ActivityEvent

27ProgressEvent

32NetStatusEvent21

KeyboardEvent