[...]... people perceived to be at risk for contracting AIDS, scientists both in the United States and elsewhere knew that answers to the fundamental problems of the epidemic—what causes AIDS and how doctors could diagnose the disease before a victim spreads it—had to be found, and quickly Researchers at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) in Bethesda, Maryland, and at the Pasteur Institute in Paris followed... of AIDS patients In 1984, they were able to demonstrate a strong correlation between its presence and the onset of AIDS symptoms It was eventually shown that LAV and HTLV-3 were the same virus Since both research teams had worked on the discovery and made important contributions, Gallo and Montagnier agreed to The Origins of an Epidemic 21 Working independently, American doctor Robert Gallo (right) and. .. and to improve diagnostic techniques Doctors at the federal government’s Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) worked to track and understand the progression of the disease in individual patients The goal was to recognize symptoms of AIDS, thereby helping with diagnosis In addition, scientists worldwide sought to isolate the microorganism that causes AIDS and to develop an effective blood test... next steps in the AIDS crisis were to gain an understanding of the disease and to find effective treatments, and perhaps even cures Chapter 2 Anatomy of an Infection I following the discovery of HIV, much has been learned about the disease called AIDS Scientists have worked to sort out misconceptions and get the truth to the public In the two decades since the initial diagnoses of AIDS, it has been... the fact that an overwhelming number of people in the highest risk groups for AIDS gay men, hemophiliacs, and intravenous drug addicts—had also at some point contracted hepatitis B In fact, 88 percent of homosexual AIDS patients, 80 percent of hemophiliac AIDS patients, and virtually 100 percent of intravenous drug–addict AIDS patients tested positive for hepatitis B Removing hepatitis B–positive blood... the disease and no one understood how it killed Awareness of a looming epidemic was growing rapidly by the end of 1982 Over sixteen hundred cases of AIDS had been diagnosed in the United States; over six hundred Americans had died of the disease Because of the increased awareness and the evident threat to public health, major initiatives were quickly taken to increase understanding of AIDS and to improve... against allowing children with AIDS to attend school Misconceptions as to how AIDS is spread created an atmosphere of panic throughout the United States 26 AIDS Scientists, who understood that many of the public’s fears were based in misconceptions, now struggled to find ways to prove that the fears were mostly unfounded Work began to raise consciousness about HIV and AIDS and to define the course of... cell and begins the process of replication Early studies of AIDS were aimed at understanding the way the disease progresses in infected individuals and drew attention to some of the preliminary signs of HIV infection It was found, for example, that many of the people who had AIDS recalled noticing flu-like symptoms long before they experienced the opportunistic infections that are the hallmarks of AIDS. .. to AIDS 34 AIDS The point at which doctors say an HIV infection has turned into AIDS is defined by a patient meeting criteria set by the CDC According to the CDC’s current definition, a person is considered to have AIDS when he or she tests positive for HIV and has either a helper T cell count of less than two hundred cells per milliliter of blood (normal levels are between five hundred and eighteen... that disease also greatly affected T cells, Gallo had long contended that AIDS was also caused by a retrovirus, similar to HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 Despite this promising theory, Gallo and his team had made very little progress in actually identifying the cause of AIDS By early 1983, they had examined blood samples from thirty-three AIDS patients but had found HTLV-related genetic material in only two of them . DATA Bardhan-Quallen, Sudipta. AIDS / by Sudipta Bardhan-Quallen. p. cm. — (Diseases and disorders) Includes bibliographical references and index. Contents: The. vaccine—The future of AIDS. ISBN 1-59018-404-1 (hard copy : alk. paper) 1. AIDS (disease)—Juvenile literature. I. Title. II. Series: Diseases and disorders series.