Answer: dProject quality management includes the processes required to ensure that the project will satisfy the needs for which it was undertaken.. It includes ‘‘all activi-ties of the o
Trang 11 Answer: d
Project quality management includes the processes required to ensure that the project will satisfy the needs for which it was undertaken It includes ‘‘all activi-ties of the overall management function that determine the quality policy, ob-jectives, and responsibilities and implements them by means such as quality planning, quality control, quality assurance, and quality improvement, within the quality system.’’
2 Answer: c
Projects are typically part of an organization larger than the project— corporations, government agencies, health care institutions, international bod-ies, professional associations, and others
Projects are typically authorized as a result of one or more needs These stimuli may also be called problems, opportunities, or business requirements The central theme of all these terms is that management generally must make
a decision about how to respond
Projects are authorized by upper management, which is responsible for setting strategic company goals
3 Answer: c
According to Juran and Deming, 85% to 95% of the quality problems that occur in organizations are from processes controlled by upper management
4 Answer: c
Quality programs save money Each improvement in quality will yield benefits
to the project that are in excess of the cost of the implementation and operation
5 Answer: b
Experiments are used to determine the impact of the different variables The design of the experiment is a controlled study of the problem Holding all variables constant and varying one of them is sensitivity analysis The results will show which variable has the most impact on the process
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Trang 26 Answer: a
The averaging of the five parts that are sampled is called the X bar value In control charts the two values that are normally plotted on the control chart are the X bar value and the R value, the difference between the highest and lowest value of the dimension in the sampled parts
7 Answer: c
This is the Guide to the PMBOK definition for quality Stated and implied
needs are the inputs to developing the requirements of the product or output from the project
8 Answer: c
Quality assurance is all the planned and systematic activities implemented within the quality system to provide confidence that the project will satisfy the relevant quality standards
9 Answer: b
Quality must be planned into the product, not inspected in The design and building of the product should be such that the quality will be designed or built
in rather than expecting the inspection of the product to catch the mistakes and defects and rework them into a quality product
10 Answer: c
Products that are able to perform and function acceptably but are different technically are graded into different categories For example, wood is graded according to the number of knots that are present in the wood The wood performs the function of being structurally sound in all grades, but the desir-ability of knot free wood leads us to higher grades of wood
11 Answer: c
A Pareto diagram is a histogram, ordered by frequency of occurrence, that shows how many results were generated by type or category of identified cause
By using this tool the manager can identify the defects that occurred most often
12 Answer: c
This is a check sheet Check sheets are simple devices that can be used almost anywhere On them you make a mark in the appropriate category After many
Trang 3marks are made, they can be added up to give the number of each defect passing the point
13 Answer: d
Quality management and project management are very concerned about cus-tomer satisfaction
14 Answer: a
Common causes are those that are the normal variables produced in the process output when the process is operating normally Special causes are the causes of variability in the process when the process is not operating normally
15 Answer: a
Work results, quality checklists, operational definitions, and the management
plan are the items listed in the Guide to the PMBOK as the inputs to the quality
control function
16 Answer: b
The averaging of the five parts that are sampled is called the X bar value In control charts the two values that are normally plotted on the control chart are the X bar value and the R value, the difference between the highest and lowest value of the dimension in the sampled parts
17 Answer: c
The diagram the manager is using is a cause and effect diagram, also known as
a fishbone diagram These diagrams are often called Ishikawa diagrams as well
18 Answer: b
This is an example of variable inspection If the testing machine had had a light that showed green when the parts were acceptable, then it would have been attribute inspection We don’t know whether sampling or 100% inspection is taking place
A variable is an actual measurement of some characteristic of a part An attribute is a yes or no determination of whether the part is good or bad
19 Answer: b
One of the most important things in using control charts is that they not only show when the process is out of control but also show when the process is in
Trang 4control and only normal variations are taking place This means that we have a guide that tells us when we should not be taking corrective action as well as a guide to tell us when we should take corrective action
20 Answer: b
In modern quality management the idea of making small incremental improve-ments is used rather than making up large projects to make giant changes in the operation
21 Answer: b
Kaizen means improvement in Japanese It actually applies to all aspects of life.
In terms of quality management it means continuing improvement involving everyone, including managers and workers alike, from the top to the bottom of the organization
22 Answer: b
Cost and delays are reduced, production improves, market share increases, and profits go up Cost to the customer should not go up when quality management
is implemented properly Capital expenditures should not necessarily go down
or up as a result of quality management Profits should increase
23 Answer: d
The benefits should always be greater than the cost of implementing quality management The benefit-cost ratio should always be greater than one
24 Answer: a
The quality plan is part of the overall project plan and is an important input to the project plan
25 Answer: d
Quality assurance is all the planned and systematic activities implemented within the quality system to provide confidence that the project will satisfy the relevant quality standards
26 Answer: b
The International Standards Organization attempts to ensure consistency in organizations that can be relied upon by their customers To qualify, an organi-zation must meet six requirements regarding the control of documents, control
Trang 5of records, internal audits, control of nonconformance, corrective action, and preventive action
27 Answer: c
The acceptance costs of quality are the things that must be done to ensure that the quality of the product or service is acceptable This includes the cost associ-ated with inspection and reinspection, the cost of the quality plan, quality assur-ance, and quality management
28 Answer: a
The process is not in control Although the values of X bar are all within the upper and lower control limits of the process, there is a trend showing five values in a row all increasing There are several observations on the control chart that can indicate that the process is out of control even though the values measured are within the upper and lower control limits
29 Answer: d
The Pareto diagram shows a histogram where the defect classes are arranged in the order of the highest to lowest frequency of occurrence of the defect It also shows the cumulative percent of defects from the highest to lowest number of defects
30 Answer: b
In a scatter diagram a plot is made with two variables If there is a correlation between the variables and the two variables increase at the same time, it is called positive correlation If one variable increases while the other variable decreases,
it is called negative correlation
31 Answer: d
The value of X bar for day number 7 is the sum of the four observed values for day 7 divided by 4
This is 90 / 4 or 22.5 Since this is the number of ten-thousandths of an inch, the correct answer is 00225
32 Answer: b
The value of R is the difference between the highest value recorded and the lowest value recorded for the day
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an inch the correct answer is 0053
33 Answer: a
To calculate the value for R bar, we take the value for R for each day and find the mean or average value
Value for R for each day is:
The sum of the values is 551, which is 55.1 when divided by 10 Since this number is in ten-thousandths of an inch, the correct answer is 00551
34 Answer: a
In sampling inspection the ideal operating characteristic curve would correctly pass or reject all lots that were below or above the AQL point Any lot that truly had more than the allowed AQL would be rejected, and any lot that had less than or equal to the AQL would be accepted
35 Answer: a
When sampling inspection is used, it will discover lots that are above the AQL These lots are then returned for 100% inspection When the 100% inspection
is done, the defective parts are removed, and the acceptable ones are sent to the customer As the number of defective parts increases, more lots will have to be inspected 100% Initially, the quality delivered to the customer will fall, but because of the added work of the 100% inspection, the quality will then im-prove
36 Answer: d
Five years
37 Answer: c
In the Shewhart and Deming cycle, an idea is first identified and planned for implementation Then an experiment is performed to see if the idea will work The results are checked, and then evaluated If the evaluation is positive, the idea is fully implemented, and the next idea is planned
Trang 738 Answer: a
The Demming cycle refers to the process of making continuous improvements: Plan, Do, Check, Act In the Demming cycle we plan an improvement, and then we attempt the new process with the change on an experimental level We check the results and then act to make the permanent improvement
39 Answer: b
Because the parts are attribute inspected, we do not have data other than the parts failed to pass a Go–No Go gauge We only know that an unacceptable number of parts were either above or below the allowed dimension It is possi-ble that the average for the rejected parts is 2.000 inches The only thing we know for sure is that the part diameters are greater than 0.000, or they would not exist