Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets.. Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets.. If people stopped using cars completely, there________ be much less pollution.. Co
Trang 1UNIT 7: POLLUTION – SỰ Ô NHIỄM
I VOCABULARY:
1. affect (v) /əˈfekt/: làm ảnh hưởng
2. algea (n) /ˈældʒiː/: tảo
3. aquatic (adj) /əˈkwætɪk/: ở dưới nước
4. billboard (n) /ˈbɪlbɔːd/: biển quảng cáo ngoài trời
5. blood pressure (n) /blʌd ˈpreʃə/: huyết áp
6. cause (n,v) /kɔːz/: nguyên nhân, gây ra
7. cholera (n) /ˈkɒlərə/: bệnh tả
8. come up with (v) /kʌm ʌp wɪð/: nghĩ ra
9. contaminant (n) /kənˈtæmɪnənt/: chất gây bẩn
10. contaminate (v) /kənˈtæmɪneɪt/: làm bẩn
11. dump (v) /dʌmp/: vứt, bỏ
12. earplug (n) /ˈɪəplʌɡ/: cái nút tai
13. effect (n) /ɪˈfekt/: kết quả
14. fine (v) /faɪn/: phạt tiền
15. float (v) /f əʊt/: nổi
16. groundwater (n) /ˈɡraʊndwɔːtə/: nước ngầm
17. hearing loss (n) /ˈhɪərɪŋ lɒs/: mất thính lực
18. illustrate (v) /ˈɪləstreɪt/: minh họa
19. litter (n, v) /ˈlɪtə/: rác vụn (mẩu giấy, vỏ lon…), vứt rác
20. measure (v) /ˈmeʒə/: đo
21. non-point source pollution (n) /nɒn-pɔɪnt sɔːs pəˈluːʃn/: ô nhiễm không nguồn (nguồn phân tán)
22. permanent (adj) /ˈpɜːmənənt/: vĩnh viễn
23. point source pollution (n) /pɔɪnt sɔːs pəˈluːʃn/: ô nhiễm có nguồn
24. poison (n, v) /ˈpɔɪzn/: chất độc, làm nhiễm độc
25. pollutant (n) /pəˈluːtənt/: chất gây ô nhiễm
26. radiation (n) /ˌreɪdiˈeɪʃn/: phóng xạ
27. radioactive (adj) /ˌreɪdiəʊˈæktɪv/: thuộc về phóng xạ
28. thermal (adj) /ˈθɜːml/: thuộc về nhiệt
29. untreated (adj) /ˌʌnˈtriːtɪd/: không được xử lý
30. visual (adj) /ˈvɪʒuəl/: thuộc về thị giác
31. acid rain (n) mưa axit
32. air pollution (n) ô nhiễm không khí
33. atmosphere (n) bầu không khí
34. behaviour (n) hành vi
35. birth defect (n) khuyết tật bẩm sinh
36. breathing problem (n) vấn đề hô hấp
37. change (v) thay đổi, sự thay đổi
38. Chemical /ˈkemɪkl/ (n) Chất hóa học
39. Damage /ˈdæmɪdʒ/ (v,n) Phá hủy
40. Dead /ded/ (adj) Chết
41. Environmental /ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmentl/ (adj) Thuộc về môi trường
42. Herbicide /ˈhɜːrbɪsaɪd/ (n) Thuốc diệt cỏ
43. Industrial /ɪnˈdʌstriəl/ (adj) Thuộc về công nghiệp
44. Stream /striːm/ (n) Dòng suối
Trang 2II EXERCISES:
Ex1 Choose the word that has the underlined part pronounced differently from the others.
1 A paddy B sand C travel D tribal
2 A buffalo B photo C limestone D botanical
3 A jungle B luggage C sunbathe D sugar
4 A around B various C sound D mountains
5 A heritage B giant C garden D village
Ex2 Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets Use conditional sentences type 1
1 If the air in a City (get) very polluted, it can make people’s eyes burn
2 If we dump all sorts of Chemicals into rivers, we (not be) able to swim in them in the future
3 Many wildlife habitats will be destroyed if people (keep) polluting the environment
4 If we all use public transport more, we (help) reduce air pollution
5 If we (not stop) over-fishing the oceans, many species (become) extinct
6 If everyone (recycle) paper, metal and glass, we (not produce) so much rubbish
7 We (have) dirty seafood if we (dump) rubbish into the sea
8 If global warming (continue), temperatures (rise) even higher
9 If light pollution (keep) growing, you (not be) able to see even the Big Dipper at night
10 We (threaten) our own existence if we (not cut down) the waste rapidly
Ex3 Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets Use conditional sentences type 2.
1 If people (not be) so careless, Earth wouldn’t be in danger
2 The amount of waste (decrease) if people started to buy reusable packages
3 Many fish wouldn’t die if factories (not dump) so many Chemicals into rivers and oceans
4 If people stopped using cars completely, there (be) much less pollution
5 If people (buy) more recycled paper, there wouldn’t be so much waste
6 If we (not bury) Chemical waste underground, we (not pollute) fresh water supplies
7 Pollution (not be) such an issue if governments and common people really (care)
8 What (happen) if the whole world (be) full of pollution?
9 If people (pay) a little more attention to the environment, the Earth (be) greener
10 If people no longer (pollute) the atmosphere, the air (soon become) clean again
Ex4 Complete the sentences with the correct verb form in the bracket.
1 If someone offered to buy you one of those rings, which you (choose) ?
2 The flight may be cancelled if the fog (get) thick
3 If the milkman (come) , tell him to leave two pints
4 I (call) the office if I were you
5 Someone (sit) on your glasses if you leave them there
6 You would hear my explanation if you (not talk) so much
7 What you (do) if you hear the burglar alarm?
8 If you (read) the instructions carefully, you wouldn’t have answered the wrong question
Trang 39 If Mel (ask) her teacher, he’d have answered her questions.
10 I would repair the roof myself if I (have) a long ladder
11 Unless they turn that radio off, I (go) mad
12 If you were made redundant, what you (do) ?
13 We’ll have a long way to walk if we (run) out of petrol here
14 If you shake that bottle of port, it (not be) fit to drink
15 If you spoke louder, your classmates (understand) you
16 I’ll probably get lost unless he (come) with me
17 You (not have) so many accidents if you drove more slowly
18 If you (wear) a false beard, nobody would have recognized you
19 If she (leave) the fish here, the cat will eat it
20 You (have) no trouble at school if you had done your homework
Ex5 Complete the sentences with the words from the box.
1 or wastewater should be treated before it is discharged into the river or ocean
2 More and more waste and are poured into the water, the soil and the air
3 The material is stored in a special radiation-proof Container
4 Oil spills can cause the death of animals such as fish
5 sewage can spread disease and contaminate drinking water sources
6 Cholera is transmitted through water
7 The health of air pollution include heart disease, lung cancer, and asthma
8 Carbon dioxide is a dangerous air
9 Over 150,000 tons of waste are annually along the coastline
10 Up to 100.000 fish were found along the river last week
Ex6 Complete the sentences with the words or phrases.
water pollution soil pollution air pollution noise pollution
light pollution visual pollution radioactive pollution thermal pollution
1 The smoke from planes, cars and factories causes
2 There are many causes of including nuclear explosions, nuclear accidents and nuclear waste
3 can cause hearing loss and tinnitus
4 can be caused by unattractive views, such as power lines, billboards, Street banners, open storage of trash, ugly buildings, etc
5 can lead to the death of aquatic plants and animals
6 can happen when the temperature of a body of water increases;
7 There’s just so much from the ground that we simply can’t see most of the stars
8 The ever-increasing use of Chemicals such as pesticides and fertilizers is one of the main factors causing
Ex7 Choose the best answer A, B, C or D to complete the sentence.
1 After the accident, many people were exposed radiation
2 Light pollution has a wide range of negative effects I’m human health
3 can cause high blood pressure, heart problems, sleep disturbances, and hearing problems
A Air pollution B Light pollution C Water pollution D Noise pollution
Trang 44 The levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere have risen the burning of fossil fuels.
A therefore B because C in spite of D due to
5 If rubbish is non-biodegradable, it forever
A exists B will exist C won’t exist D doesn’t exist
6 are Chemicals that are used to kill unwanted plants, such as weeds
A Fertilizers B Pesticides C Herbicides D Pollutants
7 There would be much less pollution people stopped using cars completely
8 Emissions of pollutants into the air can changes to the climate
A get on B end up C go into D result in
9 can we help save our environment?
10 If we care about plastic waste
A why won’t we stop drinking bottled water? B we would use reusable shopping bags
C we will throw away plastic water bottles D why don’t we buy plastic bags?
Ex8 Write the correct tense or form of the verbs in brackets.
1 It would be better for the environment if more people (use) bikes rather than cars
2 If we use less energy, we (help) reduce greenhouse gas emissions
3 Every year, million tons of plastic (dump) into the oceans
4 A thick smog (settle) over New Delhi since winter (begin)
5 Noise pollution can (cause) by vehicle, aircraft, and industrial noise
6 Human activities (destroy) nature at an unacceptable rate right now
7 A decade ago, WHO (classify) air pollution as a link to lung cancer
8 If the temperature (increase) by a few degrees during the next few years, we (run into) serious problems
9 What (happen) if all the pollution in the world (disappear)?
10 At 8 o’clock last night, I (watch) “A Plastic Wave”, a documentary on plastic pollution
11 We should avoid (buy) frozen foods because their packaging is mostly plastic
12 Air pollution can make people (die)
Ex9: Choose the best answer:
1 If I ……….a lot of money now, I ………… a new car
A have /will buy B have / would buy C had/ will buy D had/ would buy
2 If I ………you, I ……….do that
A am/ will B were /would C were/ will D had been/ would
3 If I were offered the job, I think I ……… it
A take B will take C would take D would have taken
4 I would be very surprised if he………
A refuses B refused C had refused D would refuse
5 Many people would be out of work if that factory……… down
A closes B had closed C closed D would close
6 If she sold her car, she ………… much money
A gets b would get c will get d would have got
7 They would be disappointed if we………
a hadn’t come b wouldn’t come c don’t come d didn’t come
8 Would John be angry if I …… ……his bicycle without asking?
a take b took c had taken d would take
Trang 59 She ……….terrible upset if I lost this ring.
a will be b would be c were d had been
10 If someone…………in here with a gun, I would be very frightened
a would walk b walks c had walked d walked
11 What would happen if you ……… to work tomorrow?
a don’t go b didn’t go c won’t go d wouldn’t go
12 We’ll get wet if we ………….out
13 If I go shopping, I ………some food
a buy b will buy c would buy d would have bought
14 If I find it, I ………you
a will tell b would tell c had told d told
15 What would you do if you………a million dollars?
a would win b win c had won d won
16 They’d be hurt if I ………
a don’t go b didn’t go c hadn’t gone d wouldn’t go
17 If we took the 6:30 train, we…………too early
a would have arrived b arrived c will arrived d would arrive
18 If I had known you were in hospital, I …………to see you
a will go b would go c went d would have gone
19 If I …………., I would have said hello
20 I………… out if I hadn’t been so tired
Ex10: Rewrite these sentences:
1 Turn off all the lights and you will not pay more money
If
2 Unless she wears warm clothes, she will have a cold
If
3 Be careful or you may have an accident
If
4 Phone your parents or you have a trouble
If
5 Unless she whispers, everyone knows what she is saying
If
6 Stay here and you will feel safe
If
7 Pay electricity bill today or your electricity will be cut off
If
8 Stop smoking otherwise your cough may be worse
If
9 Unless we use less fossil fuel, they will be run out soon
If
10 Unless it stops raining today, we may be faced with a serious flood
If
Ex11: Rewrite these sentences by using the condition sentence:
1 She can’t be employed because she doesn’t have a college degree
-> If
Trang 62 I don’t have enough money I can’t go on a long holiday this year.
-> If
3 He is very slow, so we won’t give his such an important task
-> If
4 I’ll have to work this Sunday, so I couldn’t join your picnic
-> If
5 He works overtime to get more money because he has to pay father’s debt
-> If
6 City life isn’t enjoyable because everything is very expensive
-> If
7 She gets bad mark because she doesn’t learn hard
-> If
8 Be careful or you will make accidents
-> If
9 If anyone doesn’t come, we will phone you at once
-> If
10 They are very angry because their friends doesn’t come on time
-> If
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UNIT 8: ENGLISH SPEAKING COUNTRIES – NHỮNG QUỐC GIA NÓI TIẾNG ANH
I VOCABULARY:
1. appealing (adj): cuốn hút, cảm động
2. Arctic circle (n): vòng cực
3. Arctic Ocean (n): Bắc Băng Dương
4. art centre (n): trung tâm nghệ thuật
5. attraction (n): sự thu hút
6. cattle station (n): trại gia súc
7. competition (n): cuộc thi
8. country (n): đất nước, quốc gia
9. debate (v): cuộc tranh luận
10. diverse (adj): khác nhau, đa dạng
11. entertainment (n): sự giải trí
12. excursion (n): cuộc đi chơi, đi tham
quan
13. exhibition (n): cuộc triển lãm
14. freedom (n): sự tự do
15. garment (n): áo quần
16. illustrate (v): minh họa
17. international (adj): quốc tế
18. journalism (n): nghề báo, báo chí
19. march (v, n): hành quân
20. monument (n): đài tưởng niệm
21. mother tongue (n): tiếng mẹ đẻ
22. native (adj): thuộc bản xứ
23. North pole (n): Bắc Cực
24. official language (n): ngôn ngữ chính
thức
25. Pacific Ocean (n): Thái Bình Dương
26. parade (n): cuộc diễu hành
27. puzzle (n): sự bối rối, khó xử
28. scenic (adj): thuộc quang cảnh đẹp
29. schedule (n): lịch trình
30. spectacular (adj): đẹp, ngoạn mục
31. state (n): tiểu bang
32. summer camp (n): trại hè
33. surround (v, n): vòng quanh, vây quanh
34. symbolize (v): tương trưng cho
35. territory (n): lãnh thổ
36. Thanksgiving (n): Lễ tạ ơn
37. throughout (adv, pre): xuyên suốt, toàn bộ
38. tour guide (n): hướng dẫn viên du lịch
39. waterfall (n): thác nước
40. Aborigines /ˌæbəˈrɪdʒəniz/(n): thổ dân châu Úc
41. absolutely /ˈæbsəluːtli / (adv): tuyệt đối, chắc chắn
42. accent /ˈæksent/ (n): giọng điệu
43. awesome /ˈɔːsəm/ (adj): tuyệt vời
44. cattle station / ˈkætl ˈsteɪʃn/ (n): trại gia súc
Trang 745. ghost /ɡəʊst/ (n): ma
46. haunt /hɔːnt/ (v): ám ảnh, ma ám
47. icon /ˈaɪkɒn/ (n): biểu tượng
48. kangaroo /ˌkæŋɡəˈruː/ (n): chuột túi
49. kilt /kɪlt/ (n): váy ca-rô của đàn ông
Scotland
50. koala /kəʊˈɑːlə/ (n): gấu túi
51. legend /ˈledʒənd/ (n): huyền thoại
52. loch /lɒk/ (n): hồ (phương ngữ ở
Scotland)
53. official /əˈfɪʃl/ (adj): chính thống/ chính thức
54. parade /pəˈreɪd/ (n): cuộc diễu hành
55. puzzle /ˈpʌzl/ (n): câu đố
56. schedule /ˈʃedjuːl/ (n): lịch trình, thời gian biểu
57. Scots/ Scottish /skɒts/ ˈskɒtɪʃ/ (n): người Scotland
58. state /steɪt/ (n): bang
59. unique /juˈniːk/ (adj): độc đáo, riêng biệt
Trang 8II EXERCISES:
Ex1 Complete the sentences with the words or phrases given.
1 For the spoken language, students are taught by
2 I found it difficult to understand them at first because of their
3 The contains many species of fish, such as salmon and trout
4 We are running our family where we have hundreds of cows and bulls
5 Hong Kong became Chinese in 1997
6 Koalas are the national Symbol of Australia’s wildlife
7 Is English an in Singapore?
8 Windsor has been the family home of British kings and queens for almost 1,000 years
9 It’s really time to be part of AMCK summer dance camp
10 The is still worn as formal and ceremonial dress by Scottish men
Ex2 Complete the sentences, using the verbs in the box in the present simple form.
finish take off not begin continue not open
land start have last not leave
1 The match at three o’clock, so please be here by two
2 The exhibition until 31 December Don’t miss it!
3 The train at 10.15 It arrives at 10.15
4 What time you English class tomorrow?
5 Could you pick me up at the airport tomorrow morning? The plane at 8.30
6 Most supermarkets in Spain until 10 a.m
7 What a terrible film! When it ?
8 The piano concert at 8 o’clock It is cancelled
9 There has been a change to the schedule and your fight now at 18.40
10 This summer holidays for two months instead of three
Ex3 Underline the correct form.
1 Our ferry departs / is departing for Amsterdam at 7 tomorrow morning.
2 What time do you meet / are you meeting Steve on Sunday?
3 After the reconstruction the supermarket opens / is opening on Monday again.
4 Do you have / Are you having your birthday party this week or next week? I forgot!
5 We hold / are holding a Science fair next weekend There will be displays of students’ work.
6 When does the school end / is the school ending this year?
7 Mark and I play / are playing basketball after school today Do you want to play too?
8 Kate phoned up She comes round / is coming round to see us this weekend.
9 The Prime Minister arrives / is arriving in India on Tuesday and spends / is spending a couple
of days in Delhi
10 I’ve just phoned the centre and the doors open / are opening at 18.00.
Ex4 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs (present simple, present continuous, or present perfect).
1 (you/ talk) about the upcoming journey? Can I join?
2 Recently, the United States (alter) the whole of their immigration laws.
3 Either kangaroo or Sydney Opera House (symbolize) Australia.
Trang 94 Look at the London Eye! The wheel (appear) motionless, but it
(rotate) slowly.
5 Look! The concert (start) at 7 P.M and (end) at 9 P.M.
6 Canada (provide) fish, furs, and other natural resources to the world since the 15th
century
7 We’ve already booked our holiday We (go) to Scotland in July.
8 About 375 million people (speak) English as their first language.
9 To preserve natural habitat, the government (establish) six national parks so far.
10 Excuse me, what time (the last train to Dublin/ leave)?
11 I (live) in the UK at the moment to learn English.
12 English (be) an official language in several African countries, such as Liberia,
Nigeria, and South Africa
13 (you/ ever/ be) to Singapore? - Yes, I (be) there twice.
14 Where (you/ go) on your holiday next summer?
15 Over 670 million people (visit) Disneyland since its opening in 1955.
Ex5 Choose the best answers.
1 English from a Proto-Indo-European language about 5,000 years ago
2 Since 2005, India the world’s largest English-speaking population
3 The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
4 English around the world by children in school as a foreign language
5 You’d better go to bed early tonight The plane at 6 o’clock tomorrow morning so we’ll have to be up by 4.30!
6 Over the past five years, Australia’s population by 1.86 million people
7 I’m sorry I can’t meet up this weekend We to Wales on Friday
8 In the 16th century, French and British settlers in Canada
9 that there are no wild snakes in Ireland?
A Do you know B Are you knowing C Elave you known D Did you know
10 The Statue of Liberty, an American Symbol of freedom, in France
A actually made B was actually made C has actually made D makes actually
11 The Disney World in the City of Orlando, which is in the State of Florida
12 Nowadays, Canada against the influence of the foreign cultures, especially of the
us one
13 Indian Disney Channel Tom and Jerry Kids at 7 pm
14 My family in Chicago for more than 20 years
Ex6 Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from the others.
Trang 101 A camp B language C native D accent
2 A capital B scenic C Scotland D iconic
3 A increased B provided C haunted D founded
4 A loch B schedule C French D chaos
5 A brigade B kilt C liberty D icon
Ex7 Chia động từ trong ngoặc sao cho thích hợp.
1 Where’s Mary? She (listen) to a new CD in her room
2 Don’t forget to take your umbrella with you today You know it (be) _ the raining season now
3 Jean always (learn) English at this time every day but today she (not study) _ at the moment
4 What time _ (the meeting/ happen) tomorrow? I (not know) _ it yet I (wait) _ for the announcement
5 Where _ (you/live) since you moved from your old house?
6 Look! The sun (rise) over the ocean This is the most amazing scene I (ever/ see)
7 He (speak) _ Japanese so well because He (come) _ from Japan
8 (you/ usually/ go) for Christmas or _ (you/stay) at home?
9 Look! Your friend (hold) _ some roses They (look) lovely
10 _ (you/ finish) your assignment yet? No, I
11 My father usually (walk) to work but now hw (drive) his car
12 I (not think) _ Mary (sleep) because I can hear some noise from her room
13 My grandparents (bring) me up since I was very small
14 How long (Peter/ work) in his firm?
15 James (always/ complain) It (be) hard to please him
16 I (just/ realize) _ that there are only four weeks to the end of them
17 This is the second time I (be) _ to London
18 Now the children (not want) _ to go to sleep They (prefer) _ their mother
to tell them bedtime stories
19 _ (they Want) a horror movie before? Yes, they (watch) a plenty of such movies before
20 Jim (cook) so tired now He (work) non-stop since the morning
Ex8 Khoanh tròn vào phương án đúng, thì hiện tại đơn hoặc thì hiện tại tiếp diễn.
1 Tomorrow the sun (rises/is rising) at 6.44 and it (sets/ is setting) at 18.33
2 I (don’t do anything/ am not doing anything) tonight I want to relax
3 What time (do you meet/ are you meeting) John on Sunday?
4 This year the school (ends/ is ending) on 28 June
5 After the reconstruction the supermarket (opens/ is opening) on Monday again
6 I can’t help you I (see/ am seeing) the doctor this afternoon
7 We’ve already booked our holiday We (go/ are going) to Rome in May
8 Could you meet us at the airport tomorrow morning? The plane (lands/ is landing) at 10.15
9 The piano concert (doesn’t start/ is not starting) at 8 o’clock It’s cancelled
10 (Do you have/ Are you having) your birthday party this week or next week? I forgot